The Canadas were two British colonies, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, part of modern-day Canada. The region (formerly known as the Province of Quebec) was first divided into these colonies at the Ottawa River by the Constitutional Act of 1791, in response to the desire of recently arrived American settlers for British institutions and laws, especially British laws of land tenure, and to agitation by the English merchants of Montreal for representative government. Upper Canada corresponds to modern-day southern Ontario plus the shoreline of Georgian Bay and Lake Superior, while Lower Canada corresponds to modern-day southern Quebec; the northern majority of the current land area of these provinces was still part of Rupert's Land.
Canada was a major front in the War of 1812 between the UnitedStates and British Empire and its successful defence had important long-term effects on Canada, including the building of a sense of unity and nationalism among British North Americans.
Canada's two official languages, English and French, are the mother tongues of 59.7% and 23.2% of the population, respectively.
Canada is known for its vast forests and mountain ranges, and the animals that reside within them, such as moose, caribou, beavers, polar bears, grizzly bears, Canada goose and the common loon.
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