A Latin copy of the Canon of Medicine, dated 1484, located at the P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

The Canon of Medicine (original title in Arabic: "qanun fil tibb") is a book by the Persian scientist Ibn Sina (Avicenna) in the 10th century. It is considered the most famous book in the history of medicine. The Canon of Medicine remained a reliable medical source for centuries. The Canon of Medicine is also known as the Qanun, which means law in Arabic and Persian. It set the standards for medicine in Europe for centuries, and is Avicenna's most well-renowned written work. Through it Ibn Sina became the father of modern-day medicine. The principles of medicine described by him ten centuries ago in this book, are still taught at UCLA and Yale University, among others, as part of the history of medicine. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1272x890, 619 KB) Summary I took this image and allow its free use. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1272x890, 619 KB) Summary I took this image and allow its free use. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio is the largest comprehensive health sciences university in southern Texas. ... The Arabic language (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), or simply Arabic (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... The term Persian Empire refers to a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau. ... This article needs cleanup. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for, and responses to, birth, death, and disease. ... Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining human health or restoring it through the treatment of disease and injury. ... Persian (known variously as: فارسی Fārsi or پارسی Pārsi, local name in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, Tajik, a Central Asian dialect, or Dari, another local name in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to some dispute as to Europes actual borders. ... The University of California, Los Angeles, popularly known as UCLA, is a public, coeducational university situated in the neighborhood of Westwood within the city of Los Angeles. ... Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. ...

Ibn Sina's compendium of medical knowledge guide to clinical teaching, is based upon the writings of Galen, but infused with Arabic medical lore and personal experience. The book explains the causes of health and disease. Ibn Sina believed that the human body cannot be restored to health unless the causes of both health and disease are determined. Claudius Galenus of Pergamum (131-201 AD), better known in English as Galen, was an ancient Greek physician. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are a large and heterogeneous ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa, originating in the Arabian Peninsula of southwest Asia. ... Lore is: A body of cultural traditions and knowledge. ... A disease is an abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person afflicted or those in contact with the person. ... Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. ...

He stated that medicine (tibb) is the science by which we learn the various states of the human body when in health and when not in health, and the means by which health is likely to be lost, and when lost, is likely to be restored. In other words, medicine is the science whereby health is conserved and the art whereby it is restored after being lost. The scope of this article is limited to empirical sciences. ...

Avicenna regarded the causes of good health and diseases to be:

1. The Material causes.
2. The Elements.
3. The Humors.
4. The Variability of the Humors.
5. The Temperaments.
6. The Psychic Faculties.
7. The Vital Force.
8. The Organs.
9. The Efficient Causes.
10. The Formal Causes.
11. The Vital Faculties.
12. The Final Causes.

(There are many other sources that explain his concepts in depth and are accessible through the world-wide web in medical and Islamic sites.)

The Qanun distinguishes mediastinitis from pleurisy and recognises the contagious nature of phthisis (tuberculosis of the lung) and the spread of disease by water and soil. It gives a scientific diagnosis of ankylostomiasis and attributes the condition to an intestinal worm. The Qanun points out the importance of dietetics, the influence of climate and environment on health and the surgical use of oral anaesthetics. Ibn Sina advised surgeons to treat cancer in its earliest stages, ensuring the removal of all the diseased tissue. The Qanun 's materia medica considers some 760 drugs, with comments on their application and effectiveness. He recommended the testing of a new drug on animals and humans prior to general use. Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mediastinum, usually bacterial and due to rupture of organs in the mediastinum. ... Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, the lining of the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs, which can cause painful respiration and other symptoms. ... A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. ... Tuberculosis (commonly shortened to TB) is an infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (Miliary tuberculosis), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ... Diagnosis (from the Greek words dia = by and gnosis = knowledge) is the process of identifying a disease by its signs, symptoms and results of various diagnostic procedures. ... The hookworm is a parasite that lives in the small intestine of its host, which may be a mammal such as a dog, cat, or human. ... In nutrition, the diet is the sum of the food consumed by an organism. ... Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ... A typical modern surgical operation For other uses, see Surgery (disambiguation). ... When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... Oral medication A medication is a licenced drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition. ... Filmed by PETA, Covance primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004-5. ...

Ibn Sina noted the close relationship between emotions and the physical condition and felt that music had a definite physical and psychological effect on patients. Of the many psychological disorders that he described in the Qanun, one is of unusual interest: love sickness! Ibn Sina is reputed to have diagnosed this condition in a Prince in Jurjan who lay sick and whose malady had baffled local doctors. Ibn Sina noted a fluttering in the Prince's pulse when the address and name of his beloved were mentioned. The great doctor had a simple remedy: unite the sufferer with the beloved. In psychology and common terminology, emotion is the language of a persons internal state of being, normally based in or tied to their internal (physical) and external (social) sensory feeling. ... Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves structured and audible sound, though definitions vary. ... The Scream, the famous painting commonly thought of as depicting the experience of mental illness. ... A cartoonish version of the heart, a frequent modern symbol of love Love has several different meanings in the English language, from something that gives a little pleasure (I loved that meal) to something for which one would die (patriotism, pair-bonding). ...

The earliest known copy of the Canon of Medicine dated 1052 is held in the collection of the Aga Khan and is to be housed in the Aga Khan Museum planned for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Aga Khan (Persian: آقا خان ) is the hereditary title of the Imam (spiritual and general leader), of the Nizari (Nizari Ismaili) sect (result of the 1094 split with the Mustaˤliyya who followed Nizars younger brother Al-Mustali) within the Ismaili branch of Islam. ... Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Diversity Our Strength Established: March 6, 1834 Area: East to West: 43 km North to South: 21 km629. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (French has some legal status) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water    (% of total)  Ranked...

Avicenna's Canon of Medicine in Europe

The Arabic text of the Qanun was translated into Latin as Canon medicinae by Gerard of Cremona in the 12th century and into Hebrew in 1279. Henceforth the Canon served as the chief guide to medical science in the West and is said to have influenced Leonardo da Vinci. Its encyclopaedic content, its systematic arrangement and philosophical plan soon worked its way into a position of pre-eminence in the medical literature of Europe, displacing the works of Galen and becoming the text book for medical education in the schools of Europe. The text was read in the medical schools at Montpellier and Leuven as late as 1650, and Arnold C. Klebs described it as "one of the most significant intellectual phenomena of all times." In the words of Dr. William Osler, the Qanun has remained "a medical bible for a longer time than any other work". Gerard of Cremona (Gherardo) (Cremona, Lombardy, c. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Hebrew (עִבְרִית ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel with the West Bank, the United States, and Jewish communities around the world. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Leonardo da Vinci (Vinci, Italy, April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519, Cloux, France) was an Italian Renaissance polymath: an architect, musician, anatomist, inventor, engineer, sculptor, geometer, and painter. ... Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon, 1902 An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia, also (rarely) encyclopædia,[1] is a written compendium of knowledge. ... The Philosopher (detail), by Rembrandt Philosophy is a study that includes diverse subfields such as aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics. ... Claudius Galenus of Pergamum (131-201 AD), better known in English as Galen, was an ancient Greek physician. ... Location within France Montpellier (Occitan Montpelhièr) is a city in the south of France. ... // Location Leuven (help· info) is the capital of the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. ... // Events June 23 - Claimant King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland, the only of the three Kingdoms that has accepted him as ruler. ... The Four Doctors by John Singer Sargent, 1905, depicts the four physicians who founded Johns Hopkins Hospital. ... Jesus was actually a Sears employee before he got fired and was hired at Wang computers where he was assistant manager for saling Wangs and Wang accesories now but his most famous work is for probly writing the bible and starting up his own company that we now know as...

The first three books of the Latin Canon were printed in 1472, and a complete edition appeared in 1473. The 1491 Hebrew edition is the first appearance of a medical treatise in Hebrew and the only one produced during the 15th century. In the last 30 years of the 15th century it passed through 15 Latin editions. Events February 20 - The Orkneys and Shetlands are annexed to the crown of Scotland Discovery of Newfoundland by Didrik Pining and João Vaz Corte-Real. ... Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. ... // Events December 6 - King Charles VIII marries Anne de Bretagne, thus incorporating Brittany into the kingdom of France. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

In recent years, a partial translation into English was made. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

See also

• The Book of Healing

The Book of Healing is a scientific encyclopedia written by the great Persian physician and philosopher Ibn Sina of Persia in the 10th century. ...

External links

• Biography of Avicenna
• A scanned copy of "Kitab alQanun fi alTibb" (Book {of} the Canon of Medicine)
• Aga Khan Museum Project (to include oldest known copy of the Canon of Medicine)
• Aga Khan Museum Project Press Release