The entry for the year 432 in the Annals of the Four Masters, one of the works which is descended from the Chronicle of Ireland.

The Chronicle of Ireland is the modern name for a hypothesized collection of ecclesiastical annals recording events in Ireland from 432 to 911 AD. Image File history File links Annals of the Four Masters, entry for year AD432 Source: University College Dublin Archives Department [1] Page from a 350-year-old book. ... Image File history File links Annals of the Four Masters, entry for year AD432 Source: University College Dublin Archives Department [1] Page from a 350-year-old book. ... Signature page from the Annals of the Four Masters Entry for A.D. 432 The Annals of the Four Masters or the Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters are a chronicle of medieval Irish history. ... This article should be transwikied to wiktionary Ecclesiastical means pertaining to the Church (especially Christianity) as an organized body of believers and clergy, with a stress on its juridical and institutional structure. ... Annals are a form of historical writing which record events year by year. ...

Several surviving annals share events in the same sequence and wording, until 911 when they continue separate narratives. They include the Annals of Inisfallen, the Annals of Ulster, the Chronicon Scotorum, the Annals of Clonmacnoise, the Annals of Tigernach, the Annals of Roscrea, the Annals of Boyle, and the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland. "The Chronicle of Ireland" represents the scholarly consensus solution to this Gaelic synoptic problem. [1] The Annals of Inisfallen are a chronicle of the medieval history of Ireland. ... The Annals of Ulster are a chronicle of medieval Ireland. ... Chronicon Scotorum is an Irish chronicle. ... The Annals of Clonmacnoise chronicle events in Ireland from pre-history to A.D. 1408. ... The Annals of Tigernach (abbr. ... The Annals of Boyle, also Cottonian Annals, are a chronicle of medieval Ireland. ... The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland are a Middle Irish combination of chronicle from various Irish annals and narrative history. ... The synoptic problem concerns the literary relationship between and among the first three canonical gospels (the Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke), known as the synoptic gospels. ...

Format

Events are listed in separate entries under the heading of a single year. Most entries consist of only one or two sentences, and some years contain only one or two entries. The Viking raid on Iona Abbey in 806, in which the entire population of the abbey was massacred, is recorded with typical brevity: "The community of Iona was killed by the gentiles, that is sixty-eight (referring to the number of dead)." For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ... One of the oldest and most important religious centers in western Europe. ...

Authorship

There is no direct evidence for the identity of the Chronicle's authors at any given point in time, but scholars are confident that it was produced by annalists working in churches and monasteries and was intended for an ecclesiastical audience. The Chronicle was written in different places at different times; the earliest evidence for one of its authors places it in Iona sometime after 563, continuing until about 642. Around 639, another chronicle of uncertain origin was begun elsewhere and merged in with the Iona chronicle in the second half of the 7th century. The chronicle was then continued until about 740. From about 740 to 911, the Chronicle's annalist was working in the Irish midlands, probably in the midland province of Brega (sometimes Breagh) but possibly in the monastery at Clonard. Some scholars believe that work may have moved to Armagh by the beginning of the 9th century, and debate continues on this point. Iona is a small island, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. ... Brega may refer to the following things: Brega Marketing Company a Libyan company for marketing oil. ... Clonard Abbey (Irish, Cluain Eraird, or Cluain Iraird, Erards Meadow) was an early medieval monastery situated on the River Boyne, just beside the traditional boundary line of the northern and southern halves of Ireland in modern County Meath. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ...

After 911, the Chronicle's descendants break into two main branches: one in Armagh, which was integrated into the Annals of Ulster; and a "Clonmacnoise group" including the Annals of Clonmacnoise (an English translation), the Annals of Tigernach (fragmentary), and the Chronicum Scotorum (an abbreviation of Tigernach). Most surviving witnesses to the Chronicle's original content are descended from the Clonmacnoise chronicle. The Annals of Ulster are a chronicle of medieval Ireland. ... Clonmacnoise viewed from the River Shannon The monastery of Clonmacnoise (Cluain Mhic Nóis in Irish, meaning Meadow of the Sons of Nós) is situated in County Offaly, Ireland on the River Shannon south of Athlone. ... The Annals of Clonmacnoise chronicle events in Ireland from pre-history to A.D. 1408. ... The Annals of Tigernach (abbr. ... Chronicon Scotorum is an Irish chronicle. ...

Content

A large number of the Chronicle's entries are obituaries. The cause of death was significant to the annalists as an indicator of the death's "spiritual quality"; they felt it indicated whether the deceased would go to Heaven or Hell. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Hell (disambiguation). ...

After 800, records of Viking raids (as in the example above) also make up a large number of entries. Other entries include observations of astronomical events, such as a solar eclipse that took place on June 29, 512. Some events outside Ireland also appear in the Chronicle; during some parts of the eighth and ninth centuries, its chronology for certain events in England is more accurate than that of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Photo taken during the 1999 eclipse. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The initial page of the Peterborough Chronicle. ...

Chronological apparatus

As of the middle 600s, the Chronicle's dating scheme "consisted of a kalend (Kl) followed, until at least the mid-seventh century, by the ferial of 1 January". This scheme, and much of the Chronicle's witness to world history prior to 400, was based on the chronicle of Rufinus of Aquileia who wrote in the early 400s. ('The Chronology and Sources of the Early Irish Annals' by D. Mc Carthy, Early Medieval Europe 10:3(2001)323-41; Abstract) Tyrannius Rufinus or Rufinus of Aquileia (Rufinus Aquileiensis)(between 340 and 345–410) was a monk, historian, and theologian. ...

Reference

Charles-Edwards, T.M. (2006). The Chronicle of Ireland. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-959-2.  The entry for the year 432 in the Annals of the Four Masters, one of the works which is descended from the Chronicle of Ireland. ... Liverpool University Press, founded in 1899, is the third oldest university press in England (after Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press). ...

See Also

• Irish annals