The Closing of the American Mind, by Allan Bloom (published 1987 ISBN 5-551-86868-0), describes "how higher education has failed democracy and impoverished the souls of today's students." He especially targets the "openness" of Relativism as leading paradoxically to the great "closing" referenced in the book's title. Allan Bloom. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Relativism expresses the view that the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference. ...

The book's lengthy introduction delineates two kinds of "openness". One sort stimulates the student to pursue "the good" by discovering new aspects of goodness in other times and places than the West; this is the sort that Bloom apparently favors. The other sort misuses the study of other cultures to prove the dogmatic, a priori assumption that our culture is not the best and that we have no special claim on knowing the good. The West can refer to : The U.S. West or the American West The Western world, or Western Civilization. ...

Bloom criticizes the openness of cultural relativism, in which he claims: Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual humans beliefs and activities make sense in terms of his or her own culture. ...

"the point is not to correct the mistakes and really be right; rather it is not to think you are right at all."

In line with Plato, whom he quotes periodically throughout the book, Bloom believes that it is incumbent on the individual to search for truth in order to have any hope of a higher life. He believes it is the unique obligation of the university to point students in this very direction.

Like Tocqueville and Nietzsche, Bloom asserts that democracy—by valuing the opinion of each citizen equally—is not an environment in which genius excels. It is therefore the university that needs to lead the lost art of living the good life. For otheruses, see Tocqueville (disambiguation) Alexis de Tocqueville (July 29, 1805 - April 16, 1859) was a French political thinker and historian. ... Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 - August 25, 1900) was a highly influential German philosopher. ...

Contemporary critical reaction to the book was politically polarised, but many of those hostile to Bloom's conclusions acknowledged the value of the book's recapitulation of the history of political philosophy. You better believe it baby. Political philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about the state, government, politics, liberty, property, rights, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what form it...

External links

• Favorable review in three parts