See Durruti Column for the anarchist column during the Spanish Civil War. The Durruti Column was a group of anarchist fighters lead by Buenaventura Durruti in the summer of 1936 during the Spanish Civil War. ... It has been suggested that Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War be merged into this article or section. ...

The Durutti Column is an English post-punk band formed in 1978. The band is an ongoing project of guitarist (and occasional pianist) Vini Reilly who is often accompanied by drummer Bruce Mitchell. Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... the very definition of a guitarist is cody allen and taylor hines because of there un ending guitar skills and awsomnes. ... A short grand piano, with the top up. ... The Durutti Column is the ongoing band project of gifted Manchester guitarist Vini Reilly (born August ?, 1953), usually accompanied by the talents of drummer Bruce Mitchell. ... A drummer in Action A drummer is a person who plays the drums, particularly the drum kit, marching percussion, or hand drums. ...

Early history

In 1978 Tony Wilson and Alan Erasmus, later to become partners in Factory Records, built a band around the remnants of Fast Breeder: drummer Chris Joyce and guitarist Dave Rowbotham. Within days they added Reilly, guitarist for Manchester punk rock band Ed Banger and The Nosebleeds, as well as vocalist Phil Rainford, keyboardist Stephen Hopkins and bassist Tony Bowers.[1] Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Tony Wilson presents So It Goes in 1976 Anthony (Tony) Howard Wilson is an English record label owner, radio presenter, TV show host, nightclub manager, impresario and journalist for Granada Television and the BBC. // Wilson was (born February 20, 1950, in Salford, Greater Manchester. ... Alan Erasmus was the co-founder of Factory Records with Tony Wilson. ... FAC 115: Factory Records Stationery (1984) Factory Records was a Manchester-based British independent record label, started in 1978 which featured several prominent musical acts, such as Joy Division, New Order, The Durutti Column, Happy Mondays, and (briefly) James and Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. ... This article is about the City of Manchester in England. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... For the record label, see Ed Banger Records Ed Banger and the Nosebleeds was a short-lived punk band formed in Wythenshawe, Manchester, England in 1976. ... This article is about the 18th century American politician; Stephen Hopkins is also the name of a film and television director. ...

The band played at the Factory club (organised by their managers), and recorded two pieces for the first Factory Records release, the compilation A Factory Sample (a double 7" also featuring Joy Division, John Dowie and Cabaret Voltaire). Just prior to recording a debut album, the group broke up after a dispute about Wilson and Erasmus's choice of producer, Martin Hannett. Most of the other members apart from Reilly went on to form The Mothmen, and Joyce and Bowers later became members of Simply Red. Joy Division were an English rock band that formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cabaret Voltaire was a British music group from Sheffield, England. ... Martin Hannet (right) with Bernard Sumner in Cargo Studio, Rochdale (1979) Martin Hannett (May 31, 1948 – April 18, 1991), sometimes credited as Martin Zero, was an innovative record producer who helped develop Joy Division and co-founded Factory Records with Tony Wilson. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Simply Red are an English pop band. ...

The Durutti Column effectively became Reilly's solo project from then on - drummer Bruce Mitchell and other musicians have occasionally contributed to recordings and live performances, and Mitchell and Wilson managed the group throughout their career on Factory and for many years afterwards.

The band's name is derived from a misspelling of the name Buenaventura Durruti, who led a column of anarchists during the Spanish Civil War (The Durruti Column). A 1967 Situationist International poster included the phrase "The Return of the Durutti Column", which eventually became the title of the group's first album. Buenaventura Durruti (July 14, 1896 in León—November 20, 1936, Madrid) was a central figure of Spanish anarchism during the period leading up to and during the Spanish Civil War. ... It has been suggested that Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War be merged into this article or section. ... The Durruti Column was the most famous column anarchist fighters during the Spanish Civil War. ... The Situationist International (SI), an international political and artistic movement, originated in the Italian village of Cosio dArroscia on 28 July 1957 with the fusion of several extremely small artistic tendencies: the Lettrist International, the International movement for an imaginist Bauhaus, and the London Psychogeographical Association. ...

1979-1990: Factory Records

The first album The Return of the Durutti Column (1980) was a collaboration between Reilly and producer Martin Hannett. Initial copies featured a sleeve made of sandpaper (assembled by various Factory associates, including Joy Division [2]). This, like the name of the record, was inspired by a situationist joke, a book - Guy Debord's The Society of the Spectacle - with a sandpaper cover to destroy other books on the shelf. The music was unlike anything else being recorded by post-punk acts at the time - although Reilly identified himself as a "new wave" artist [3], the record contained nine gentle guitar instrumentals (later releases would occasionally feature Reilly's soft and hesitant vocals). The music included elements from jazz, folk, classical music and rock. Hannett's production included the addition of electronic rhythm and other effects, including birdsong sounds on "Sketch for Summer". The album was accompanied by a flexidisc with two tracks by Hannett alone. Martin Hannet (right) with Bernard Sumner in Cargo Studio, Rochdale (1979) Martin Hannett (May 31, 1948 – April 18, 1991), sometimes credited as Martin Zero, was an innovative record producer who helped develop Joy Division and co-founded Factory Records with Tony Wilson. ... sheets of sandpaper Sandpaper is a form of paper where an abrasive material has been fixed to its surface; it is part of the coated abrasives family of abrasive products. ... Joy Division were an English rock band that formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. ... Guy Ernest Debord (December 28, 1931, in Paris – November 30, 1994, in Champot) was a writer, film maker, hypergraphist and founding member of the groups Lettrist International and Situationist International (SI). ... The Society of the Spectacle is a dense, polemical, and poetic work of philosophy first published in 1967 by the situationist and Marxist theorist, Guy Debord. ... New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in Western popular music in the late 1970s and early 1980s inspired by the punk rock movement. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including: Traditional music: The original meaning of the term folk music was synonymous with the term Traditional music, also often including World Music and Roots music; the term Traditional music was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... For other uses, see Rock music (disambiguation). ...

1981's LC ("Lotta Continua", Italian for "continuous struggle") was recorded without Hannett, but introduced percussionist Bruce Mitchell, Reilly's most frequent musical partner and occasional manager. Another Setting (1983) was also just Reilly and Mitchell, but in 1984 the band was expanded with the addition of Richard Henry on trombone, Maunagh Fleming on cor anglais and oboe, Blaine Reininger (of Tuxedomoon) on violin and viola, Mervyn Fletcher on saxophone, Caroline Lavelle on cello and Tim Kellett on trumpet. The album Without Mercy was arranged by John Metcalfe, and was an instrumental evocation of the poem La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats. Richard Henry is a pseudonym credited on collaborative works of authors Richard Butler and Henry Chance Newton. ... The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. ... The cor anglais, or English horn, is a double reed woodwind musical instrument in the woodwind family. ... The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. ... Tuxedomoon is an experimental avant-garde post-punk New Wave group formed in San Francisco, California in 1977 by Blaine L. Reininger and Steven Brown, two students of electronic music at San Francisco City College. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... The saxophone (colloquially referred to as sax) is a conical-bored instrument of the woodwind family, usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece like the clarinet. ... Caroline Lavelle Caroline Lavelle has earned recognition as a singer-songwriter and cello player. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, the lowest-sounding member of the violin family. ... The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the French horn, trombone, baritone, euphonium, and tuba. ... John Metcalfe (born 1964 in New Zealand) is a British composer and violist, and a former member of the band the Durutti Column. ... Categories: Stub | Poems | British poems ... Keats grave in Rome (left). ...

Kellett and Metcalfe remained as members of the band (Metcalfe playing viola), and appear alongside Reilly and Mitchell on 1985's Circuses and Bread (released on Factory Benelux), and Domo Arigato, a live album recorded in Tokyo. This was the first pop album to be released in the UK solely on the relatively new compact disc format.   , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ... A Compact Disc or CD is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. ...

Kellett left to join Simply Red, but has a guest appearance on The Guitar and Other Machines (1987), the first UK album to be released on the unsuccessful Digital Audio Tape format (as well as the more usual LP, audio cassette and CD). The Guitar and Other Machines has a far more direct sound than earlier records, with guest vocals from Stanton Miranda and Reilly's then partner Pol, and the use of a sequencer and drum machine in addition to Mitchell's drumming. The album was produced by Stephen Street, who also produced Morrissey's 1988 solo album, Viva Hate, which Reilly played guitar on. Simply Red are an English pop band. ... Digital audio tape can also refer to a compact cassette with digital storage. ... A gramophone record, (also phonograph record - often simply record) is an analog sound recording medium: a flat disc rotating at a constant angular velocity, with inscribed spiral grooves in which a stylus or needle rides. ... For the meaning of cassette in genetics, see cassette (genetics). ... In the field of electronic music, a sequencer was traditionally a device or piece of software that allows the user to record, play back and edit musical patterns. ... A Boss DR-202 Drum Machine A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument designed to imitate the sound of drums and/or other percussion instruments. ... Stephen Street is a music producer best known for his work with The Smiths in the 1980s and Blur in the 1990s. ... Steven Patrick Morrissey (born May 22, 1959) is an English singer and songwriter from Davyhulme, near Manchester. ... Viva Hate (also known as Education in Reverse) is rock artist Morrisseys debut solo album, released on March 22, 1988. ...

Vini Reilly (1989), also produced by Reilly and Street, features extensive use of sampling, with looped samples of vocalists (including Otis Redding, Tracy Chapman, Annie Lennox and Joan Sutherland) used as the basis for several tracks. Initial copies came with a 7" or CD single "I Know Very Well How I Got My Note Wrong", credited to "Vincent Gerard and Steven Patrick", in which a take of a Morrissey B-side dissolves into laughter after Reilly hits a wrong note. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Otis Ray Redding, Jr. ... Tracy Chapman (born March 30, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for her singles, Fast Car, Talkin Bout a Revolution, Baby Can I Hold You, and Give Me One Reason. ... Annie Lennox (born 25 December 1954) is an Oscar, BRIT, Grammy and Golden Globe award-winning Scottish pop musician and vocalist. ... Joan Sutherland as Haydns Euridice, Vienna 1967 Dame Joan Sutherland OM, AC, DBE (born November 7, 1926) is an Australian dramatic coloratura soprano noted for her contribution to the bel canto revival of the 1950s and 1960s. ...

1990's Obey the Time was a shock to many fans. Mitchell played on only one track, the album being otherwise a solo recording by Reilly, and heavily influenced by contemporary dance music. An accompanying single, "The Together Mix", featured two reworkings of album tracks by Jonathon Donaghy and Suddi Raval - Donaghy was killed in a car crash in Ibiza prior to the single's release. It was to be the last Durutti Column record released by Factory, in early 1991. Techno is a form of electronic dance music that became prominent in Detroit, Michigan during the mid-1980s with influences from electro, New Wave, Funk and futuristic fiction themes that were prevalent and relative to modern culture during the end of the Cold War in industrial America at that time. ... Ibiza (Catalan: Eivissa) is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea (), belonging to Balearic Islands (Spain). ...

1990 onwards: after Factory

For the first few years after the demise of Factory, the only Durutti Column album releases were Lips That Would Kiss (a 1991 collection of early singles, on the separate label Factory Benelux), and Dry (1991) and Red Shoes (1992), Italian collections of alternate versions and unreleased outtakes.

Tragically, former member Dave Rowbotham was killed by an axe murderer in 1991. He was later memorialized by the Happy Mondays in the song "Cowboy Dave." Happy Mondays are an English alternative rock band from Salford, Greater Manchester. ...

In 1993, Wilson attempted to revive Factory Records, and Sex and Death was the first release on Factory Too (a subdivision of London Records). The album was once again produced by Stephen Street, with Mitchell and Metcalfe and on one track Peter Hook of New Order. Time Was Gigantic... When We Were Kids followed in 1998 and was produced by Keir Stewart, who also played on the album and has frequently worked with Reilly since. Fidelity was released between these albums in 1996 by Les Disques du Crepuscule and was produced by Laurie Laptop. The eight albums recorded for Factory (The Return of the Durutti Column, LC, Another Setting, Without Mercy, Domo Arigato, The Guitar and Other Machines, Vini Reilly and Obey the Time) were rereleased with additional material by Factory Too/London under the banner Factory Once, between 1996 and 1998. FAC 115: Factory Records Stationery (1984) Factory Records was a Manchester-based British independent record label, started in 1978 which featured several prominent musical acts, such as Joy Division, New Order, The Durutti Column, Happy Mondays, and (briefly) James and Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. ... London Records is a record label headquartered in the United Kingdom, originally marketing records in the United States, Canada and Latin America from 1947 through the 1980s. ... Peter Hooky Hook (born February 13, 1956 in Salford, Lancashire) is an English bass player. ... New Order are an English rock group formed in 1980 from the remaining members of Joy Division—Bernard Sumner (vocals, guitars, synthesizers), Peter Hook (bass, electronic drums), and Stephen Morris (drums, synthesizers). ... Les Disques Du Crépuscule was a Belgian independent record label. ...

Factory Too effectively ended in 1998, and subsequent Durutti Column albums have been on independent labels Artful Records (Rebellion - 2001, Someone Else's Party - 2003, Keep Breathing - 2006) or Kookydisc (Tempus Fugit - 2004). Kookydisc has also released two further volumes of The Sporadic Recordings (along with a slightly edited re-re-release of the first volume from 1989), remastered versions of two very scarce early 80's LPs (Live At The Venue - 2004, and Amigos Em Portugal - 2005), and two subscription-club discs of rare and unreleased material. A download-only release Heaven Sent (It Was Called Digital, It Was Heaven Sent) first appeared via Wilson's new project F4 in 2005, which is marketed as the fourth version of Factory Records.

Discography

Primary Recordings

• The Return of the Durutti Column (Factory FACT 14, 1980 - original LP sleeve made of sandpaper - 1996 CD issue has incorrect tracklisting and is missing one track from the original LP release)
• LC (Factory FACT 44, 1981)
• Deux Triangles EP (Factory Benelux FBN10, 1981)
• Another Setting (Factory FACT 74, 1983 - all CD issues have incorrect track listings)
• Amigos Em Portugal (Fundação Atlântica, 1983 - reissued on CD by Kooky in 2005)
• Without Mercy (Factory FACT 84, 1984)
• Say What You Mean, Mean What You Say EP (Factory FAC 114, 1985 - added to CD issues of Without Mercy)
• The City of Our Lady (Factory Fac 184/A, 1986) with Debi Diamond
• Circuses and Bread (Factory Benelux FACD 154, 1986 - reissued in 1993 with new artwork on Les Disques Du Crepuscule, titled "Bread and Circuses")
• The Guitar and Other Machines (Factory FACT 204, 1987 - also available as the first commercially released pre-recorded DAT)
• Vini Reilly (Factory FACT 244, 1989)
• Obey the Time (Factory FACT 274, 1990)
• Sex and Death (Factory Too/London, 1994)
• Fidelity (Les Disques Du Crepuscule, 1996)
• Time was Gigantic ... When we Were Kids (Factory Too/London, 1998)
• Rebellion (Artful, 2001)
• Someone Else's Party (Artful, 2003)
• Tempus Fugit (Kooky, 2004)
• Keep Breathing (Artful, 2006)
• Idiot Savants (Artful, 2007)

Secondary Recordings The Return of the Durutti Column is the debut album by Vini Reillys band The Durutti Column. ...

• The Sporadic Recordings (TTTTTTTTT CD, 1989 - demos and unreleased material - credited to Vini Reilly, not DC)
• Dry (Materiali Sonori, 1991 - collection of previously unreleased mid and late 80's material)
• Red Shoes (Materiali Sonori, 1992 - collection of previously unreleased mid 80's material)
• Return of the Sporadic Recordings (Kooky, 2002 - double CD - reissue of above 1989 Sporadic title with new disc of previously unreleased material)
• Heaven Sent (It was called digital. It was Heaven sent) (F4, 2005 - six tracks, download only)
• Sporadic Three (Kooky, 2007 - another CD release of rare and previously unreleased material)

Live Recordings

• Live At The Venue (VU, 1983 - recorded in the UK, 1983 - original vinyl ltd. to 4000 copies - reissued on CD in 2004)
• Domo Arigato (live) (Factory FACT 144, 1985 - recorded in Japan 4/85 - the first pop compact-disc only release)
• One Night In New York (US ROIR - cassette only release in 1987, CD issued in 1993 - CD reissue in 1999 re-titled "A Night In New York" with bonus track)

Compilations

• Valuable Passages (Factory FACT 164 UK/Relativity US, 1986 - double LP, single CD)
• The First Four Albums (Factory, 1988 - 4 CD set of Return Of, LC, Another Setting and Without Mercy/Say What You Mean... - Return Of disc has original LP tracks, in correct order)
• Lips That Would Kiss (Factory Benelux CD, 1991 - early 80's single and compilation tracks with previously unreleased material)
• The Best Of The Durutti Column (WEA UK, 2004 - double CD)

References

Vinylnet Record Label Discographies. link. - Factory Catalogue Numbers.

External links

• Official Site
• Official MySpace page
• Unofficial Site
• The Durutti Column @ Cerysmatic Factory
• The Durutti Column @ F4
• Discography
• Gigography
• Discussion Group at Yahoo!
• The Official CP Lee Website, including 1968 Greasy Bear photo of Bruce Mitchell with CP Lee and Ian Wilson
• Allmusic.com article on The Durutti Column