The term European miracle was coined by Eric Jones to describe his position that Europe was more advanced and progressive than all other civilizations prior to the year 1492, allowing it to develop capitalism, reach the New World first, and dominate world trade and politics. Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ...

Roots of the European miracle hypothesis

Jones' theories can be seen as building on the work of earlier thinkers such as Max Weber, Immanuel Wallerstein, Georg Hegel, Adam Smith, and Karl Marx. Weber's idea of the Protestant work ethic and Hegel's Spirit were certainly influential, providing a rationale for claiming the European mind (and European religion) is inherently superior to that of all other continents. Wallerstien's idea of a world-economy and world-system originating in Europe also comes through in European miracle theory.This are opsolite theories, they are here for historic resons. Maximilian Weber (April 21, 1864 – June 14, 1920) was a German political economist and sociologist who is considered one of the founders of the modern study of sociology and public administration. ... Immanuel Wallerstein Immanuel Wallerstein (born 1930) is a U.S. sociologist. ... Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ... Adam Smith, FRSE, (baptised June 5, 1723 – July 17, 1790) was a Scottish political economist and moral philosopher. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a book written by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist in 1904 and 1905 that began as a series of essays. ... Hegels work Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807) is called The Phenomenology of Spirit or The Phenomenology of Mind in English; the German word Geist has connotations of both spirit and mind in English. ...

The "European family"

The idea of a unique European family structure is also a central tenet of the European miracle theory. Purportedly, the European family was nuclear, women married late, and had few children. Europe understood how to control their population while the rest of the world, to quote Jones, "multiplied insensately." This meant that Europe was not vulnerable to Malthusian Crises and therefore able to form a progressive, Capitalist society. A Malthusian catastrophe, sometimes known as a Malthusian check, Malthusian crisis, Malthusian dilemma, Malthusian disaster or Malthusian trap, is a return to subsistence-level conditions as a result of agricultural (or, in later formulations, economic) production being eventually outstripped by growth in population. ... In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ...

CRITIQUE:He forgeting the zillions dead in wars and imigrants to the colonies,it masks a huge increase in the european population.

The "European city"

Urbanization is also of central importance to the European miracle hypothesis, which alleges that Europe formed cities earlier than the rest of the world. Crucially, these cities were also semi-autonomous, especially the Italian city-states. The growth of banking, accounting and general financial infrastructure in such cities is seen as unique and vital to the rise of Europe. This article is about the early Italian city-states during the Italian Renaissance. ...

European inventiveness

According to the theory, because of Europe's inherent rationality, they were able to come up with revolutionary innovations such as spectacles, clocks, double-entry book-keeping. Naval innovations are also stressed. These made the society more productive and allowed Europe to build superior ships, thus dominating world trade. Glasses, spectacles, or eyeglasses are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes, sometimes for purely aesthetic reasons but normally for vision correction or eye protection. ... A wall clock A (from the Latin cloca, bell) is an instrument for measuring time, usually for measuring time of intervals less than a day--as opposed to a calendar. ... Double-entry book-keeping is the standard practice for recording financial transactions. ...

CRITIQUE:That's racist.

Criticism of the European miracle hypothesis and alternate theories

The European miracle has been contested and referred to as a myth by thinkers such as James Blaut, Andre Gunder Frank, and Kenneth Pomeranz. They accuse Jones of Eurocentrism and "cultural racism" (Blaut's term). Commonly, it is pointed out progress in the rest of the world paralleled Europe before 1492. More than half of the world's population living in urban settlements (over 10,000 people) lived in China during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The voyages of Zheng He support the claim that Chinese Junks were more advanced than European ships of the time. Cities like ancient Malacca had sea trade routes which stretched as far as North Africa. Andre Gunder Frank (Berlin, February 24, 1929 – Luxembourg, April 23, 2005) was a Marxian German economic historian and sociologist who was one of the founders of the Dependency theory in the 1960s. ... Kenneth Pomeranz is a professor and the chair of the history department at the University of California, Irvine in the US. He received his Ph. ... Eurocentrism is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing emphasis on European (and, generally, Western) concerns, culture and values at the expense of those of other cultures. ... Zheng He wearing formal official dress Zheng He (Traditional Chinese: é„­å’Œ; Simplified Chinese: 郑和; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Cheng Ho; Birth name: 馬三寶 / 马三宝; pinyin: MÇŽ SānbÇŽo; Arabic name: Hajji Mahmud) (1371–1433), is the most well-known Chinese mariner and explorer who made the voyages collectively referred to as the travels... A four-masted junk. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ...

Revelations such as these cast doubt on whether Europe really had an economic advantage before 1492, and give rise to alternate theories. One theory is that Europe simply colonized the New World first because it was geographically closest, and trade winds naturally carried ships to and from North America. Once Europe had colonized North America, the flow of gold and silver from their colonies allowed them to take control of world trade, and only then did their dominant position arise.

Political fragmantation hypothesis

Darwinian like evolution of technology involving intence arms race.Yes i now it' slopy and mispeld,see talk page.This is to force faster improvment on article.

See also

• History of Europe
• Europatriotism
• Europeanism
• Potential Superpowers - European Union
• Europeanist
• Europhile
• European integration
• Pro-European
• United States of Europe
• Euroscepticism

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... European flag waving of the river Seine instead of the traditional nation (France) flag // Defining Europatriotism Europatriotism is in its very early stages, but the notion of emerging Europatriotism in the new Europe is clear. ... A derivative or related concept and attitude to nationalism, Europeanism asserts or expects that the people of Europe, most especially the citizens of the European Union have already a collective identity, or are developing a collective identity with the passage of time. ... A superpower is a state with the first rank in the international system and the ability to influence events and project power on a worldwide scale; it is considered a higher level of power than a major power. ... A Europeanist (similar to Pro-European or the more pejorative Europhile or Eurooptimist) is a person or group who favours the European Union and seeks to uphold or develop it through supporting European integration and the aims of the European Union. ... A Europhile is a term for a person who wants to increase cooperation between governments within the European Union. ... European integration is the process of political and economic (and in some cases social and cultural) integration of European states into a tighter bloc. ... Pro-European is a subjective term applied to a person who supports the European Union (EU) and/or further European integration, specifically in the context of political argument over the current and future status of the EU and its policies. ... The United States of Europe is a name occasionally given to one version of the possible future unification of Europe as a national and sovereign federation of states similar in formation to the United States of America. ... It has been suggested that Eurorealism be merged into this article or section. ...

References

• Blaut, James (2000). Eight Eurocentric Historians. ISBN 1572305916.

• Blaut, James (1993). The Colonizer's Model of the World. ISBN 0898623480.

• Farmer, Paul (2003). Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor. ISBN 0520235509.

• Frank, Andre (1998). Reorient: Global Economy in the Asian Age. ISBN 0520214749.

• Jones, Eric (2003 (1st ed 1987)). The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. ISBN 052152783X.

• Pomeranz, Kenneth (2001). Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy. ISBN 0691090106.

• Kennedy, Paul (1988). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. ISBN 0679720197.