The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World: from Marathon to Waterloo is a book written by Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy and published in 1851. This book tells the story of the fifteen military engagements (from Marathon to Waterloo) which, according to the author, had a significant impact on world history. Look up book in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy (1812 - 1878), historian, was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and called to the Bar in 1837. ... 1851 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Waterloo by William Sadler. ...

Chapters

The Battle of Tours

The Siege of Orleans

The Spanish Armada

The Battle of Poltava

The Battle of Valmy

The Battle of Waterloo

Each chapter of the book describes a different battle. The fifteen chapters are: Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Combatants Franks Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Charles Martel Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi Abd er Rahman† Strength 15,000-75,000 60,000-400,000 Casualties about 1500 unknown, but reported massive, notably Emir Abd er Rahman 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (553x768, 135 KB)Jeanne dArc at the Siege of Orléans by Jules Eugène Lenepveu, painted 1886–1890. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (553x768, 135 KB)Jeanne dArc at the Siege of Orléans by Jules Eugène Lenepveu, painted 1886–1890. ... The Siege of Orléans was the first French victory of Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years War and turning point of great war between France and England. ... Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 8 August 1588 by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, painted 1796 depicts the battle of Gravelines The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of... Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 8 August 1588 by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, painted 1796 depicts the battle of Gravelines The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of... Combatants England United Provinces Spain Commanders Charles Howard Francis Drake Duke of Medina Sidonia Strength 34 warships 163 merchant vessels 22 galleons 108 merchant vessels Casualties 500 dead or wounded 600 dead, 397 captured 3 merchant ships sunk 1 merchant ship captured The Spanish Armada or Great/Grand Armada (Old... Image File history File links Battle of Poltava as painted by Denis Martens the Younger in 1726 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Battle of Poltava as painted by Denis Martens the Younger in 1726 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Battle of Poltava (or Pultowa) was a battle between the armies of Peter I of Russia and Charles XII of Sweden on 28 June (new style 8 July) 1709, the most famous of the battles of the Great Northern War. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1012, 484 KB) Auteur:: Scan dArnaud Gaillard (arnaud (at) amarys . ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1012, 484 KB) Auteur:: Scan dArnaud Gaillard (arnaud (at) amarys . ... The Battle of Valmy (September 20, 1792) formed a turning point in the wars associated with the French Revolution. ... The battle of Waterloo, by William Sadler This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The battle of Waterloo, by William Sadler This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Combatants France Anglo-Allied/Prussian/ Dutch Commanders Napoléon Bonaparte Duke of Wellington Gebhard von Blücher Strength 72,000 67,000 Anglo-Dutch 60,000 Prussian (48,000 engaged by about 18:00) Casualties 25,000 22,000 Map of the Waterloo campaign The Battle of Waterloo, fought on...

1. The Battle of Marathon, 490 BC
   • Excerpt: Two thousand three hundred and forty years ago, a council of Athenian Officers was summoned on the slope of one of the mountains that look over the plain of Marathon, on the eastern coast of Attica. The immediate subject of their meeting was to consider whether they should give battle to an enemy that lay encamped on the shore beneath them; but on the result of their deliberations depended, not merely the fate of two armies, but the whole future progress of human civilization.
2. Defeat of the Athenians at Syracuse, 413 BC
   • Known as the Battle of Syracuse.
   • Excerpt: Few cities have undergone more memorable sieges during ancient and mediaeval times than has the city of Syracuse.
3. The Battle of Arbela, 331 BC
   • Also called the Battle of Gaugamela.
   • Excerpt: ... the ancient Persian empire, which once menaced all the nations of the earth with subjection, was irreparably crushed when Alexander had won his crowning victory at Arbela.
4. The Battle of the Metaurus, 207 BC
   • Excerpt: That battle was the determining crisis of the contest, not merely between Rome and Carthage, but between the two great families of the world...
5. Victory of Arminius over the Roman Legions under Varus, 9 AD
   • Known as the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
   • Excerpt: ..that victory secured at once and forever the independence of the Teutonic race.
6. The Battle of Chalons, 451
   • Also called the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields or the Battle of the Catalun.
   • Excerpt: The victory which the Roman general, Aëtius, with his Gothic allies, had then gained over the Huns, was the last victory of imperial Rome.
7. The Battle of Tours, 732
   • Also called the Battle of Poitiers.
   • Excerpt: the great victory won by Charles Martel ... gave a decisive check to the career of Arab conquest in Western Europe, rescued Christendom from Islam, [and] preserved the relics of ancient and the germs of modern civilization...
8. The Battle of Hastings, 1066
   • Excerpt: ..no one who appreciates the influence of England and her empire upon the destinies of the world will ever rank that victory as one of secondary importance.
9. Joan of Arc's Victory over the English at Orléans, 1429
   • Known as the Siege of Orléans.
   • Excerpt: ..the struggle by which the unconscious heroine of France, in the beginning of the fifteenth century, rescued her country from becoming a second Ireland under the yoke of the triumphant English.
10. Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588
    • Excerpt: The England of our own days is so strong, and the Spain of our own days is so feeble, that it is not easy, without some reflection and care, to comprehend the full extent of the peril which England then ran from the power and the ambition of Spain, or to appreciate the importance of that crisis in the history of the world.
11. The Battle of Blenheim, 1704
    • Excerpt: Had it not been for Blenheim, all Europe might at this day suffer under the effect of French conquests resembling those of Alexander in extent and those of the Romans in durability.
12. The Battle of Pultowa, 1709
    • Also called the Battle of Poltava.
    • Excerpt: The decisive triumph of Russia over Sweden at Pultowa was therefore all-important to the world, on account of what it overthrew as well as for what it established
13. Victory of the Americans over Burgoyne at Saratoga, 1777
    • Known as the Battle of Saratoga.
    • Excerpt: The ancient Roman boasted, with reason, of the growth of Rome from humble beginnings to the greatest magnitude which the world had then ever witnessed. But the citizen of the United States is still more justly entitled to claim this praise.
14. The Battle of Valmy, 1792
    • Excerpt: ..the kings of Europe, after the lapse of eighteen centuries, trembled once more before a conquering military republic.
15. The Battle of Waterloo, 1815
    • Excerpt: The exertions which the allied powers made at this crisis to grapple promptly with the French emperor have truly been termed gigantic, and never were Napoleon's genius and activity more signally displayed than in the celerity and skill by which he brought forward all the military resources of France...

Combatants Athens Persia Commanders Miltiades, Callimachus Darius I of Persia, Artaphernes Strength About 10,000 No more than 20,000 (26,000 according to Herodotus) Casualties 192 dead About 6,400 dead The Battle of Marathon (490 BC) was the culmination of King Darius I of Persias first major... Attica (in Greek: Αττική, Attike; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα Athína IPA ) is the capital of Greece and one of the most famous cities in the world. ... Map of central Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Syracuse on the island of Sicily. ... The Sicilian Expedition was an Athenian expedition to Sicily from 415 BC to 413 BC, during the Peloponnesian War. ... Map of central Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Syracuse on the island of Sicily. ... In the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia. ... The term Persian Empire refers to a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau. ... Alexander the Great (in Greek , transliterated Megas Alexandros) (Alexander III of Macedon) was born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC, King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is considered one of the most successful military commanders in world history (if not the... The Battle of the Metaurus was a pivotal battle in the ancient conflict between Rome and Carthage, fought in 207 BC near the Metaurus River in Italy. ... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ... A map of the central Mediterranean Sea, showing the location of Carthage (near modern Tunis). ... The Hermannsdenkmal Arminius (16 BC-AD 21), in Germany also frequently called Hermann der Cherusker, was a war chief of the Germanic tribe of the Cherusci. ... The Roman legion (from Latin legio, from legere - to collect) was the basic military unit of ancient Rome. ... The Defeated Varus (2003), a sculpture by Wilfried Koch in Haltern am See, Germany. ... Combatants Germanic tribes (Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri) Roman Empire Commanders Arminius Publius Quinctilius Varus † Strength Unknown, but probably 18,000 3 Roman legions, 3 alae and 6 auxiliary cohorts, probably 24,000 Casualties NONE!!! About 23,000 In the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9), an alliance of Germanic... The term Germanic peoples may refer to: the Germanic tribes that in the first millennium were seen as a barbarian threat by the Roman Empire and its successors; the Germanic Christianity that in the second millennium came to dominate much of Northern Europe, politically organized in the Holy Roman Empire... The Battle of Chalons, also called the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields or the Battle of the Catalun, took place in 451 between the allied forces and foederati led by the Roman general Flavius Aëtius and the Visigothic king Theodoric on one side, and the Huns led by their... Flavius Aëtius or simply Aëtius, (circa 396–454), was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche portrays the Goths as cavalrymen. ... The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, most likely of diverse origin with a Turkic-speaking aristocracy, who appeared in Europe in the 4th century, the most famous being Attila the Hun. ... For other senses of this name, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Combatants Franks Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Charles Martel Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi Abd er Rahman† Strength 15,000-75,000 60,000-400,000 Casualties about 1500 unknown, but reported massive, notably Emir Abd er Rahman 1. ... For the 13th century titular King of Hungary, see Charles Martel dAnjou. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are a large and heterogeneous ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa, originating in the Arabian Peninsula of southwest Asia. ... A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times Western Europe was largely defined by the Cold War, with the Iron Curtain separating it from Eastern Europe (Warsaw Pact countries). ... This medieval map, which abstracts the known world to a cross inscribed within an orb, remakes geography in the service of Christian iconography. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( (help· info)), submission (to the will of God) is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion with approximately 1. ... Combatants Normans, supported by Bretons & Flemings Anglo-Saxons and Danish mercenaries Commanders William of Normandy, Odo of Bayeux Harold Godwinson† Strength 7,000-8,000 7,000-8,000 Casualties Unknown, thought to be around 2,000 killed and wounded Unknown, but significantly more than the Normans The Battle of... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st... Joan of Arc, c. ... Orléans cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Cross, built from 1278 to 1329; after being pillaged by Huguenots in the 1560s, the Bourbon kings restored it in the 17th century. ... Combatants England France Commanders Earl of Shrewsbury Earl of Salisbury Duke of Suffolk Jean de Dunois Gilles de Rais Joan of Arc Strength 5,000 6,400 soldiers, 3,000 armed citizens Casualties 4,000+ ? The Siege of Orléans (1428 - 1429) marked a turning point in the Hundred Years... Combatants England United Provinces Spain Commanders Charles Howard Francis Drake Duke of Medina Sidonia Strength 34 warships 163 merchant vessels 22 galleons 108 merchant vessels Casualties 500 dead or wounded 600 dead, 397 captured 3 merchant ships sunk 1 merchant ship captured The Spanish Armada or Great/Grand Armada (Old... Combatants England Austria United Provinces, Allies France Bavaria Commanders Duke of Marlborough Eugene of Savoy Camille de Tallard Maximilian II Emanuel Strength 52,000 60,000 Casualties 12,000 dead or wounded 15,000 dead or wounded 15,000 captured The Battle of Blenheim was a major battle of the... The Battle of Poltava (or Pultowa) was a battle between the armies of Peter I of Russia and Charles XII of Sweden on June 28 (new style July 8) 1709, the most famous of the battles of the Great Northern War. ... John Burgoyne John Burgoyne (February 24, 1723 – August 4, 1792) was a British general during the American Revolutionary War, infamous for his arrogance, pompous attitude, and vanity. ... Combatants British United States Commanders John Burgoyne Horatio Gates Strength 10,000 15,000 Casualties 1,600 killed, wounded and/or missing, 6,000 captured 800 killed, wounded and/or missing {{{notes}}} The Battle(s) of Saratoga were considered by many historians to have been the turning point of the... Combatants British United States Commanders John Burgoyne Horatio Gates Strength 10,000 15,000 Casualties 1,600 killed, wounded and/or missing, 6,000 captured 800 killed, wounded and/or missing {{{notes}}} The Battle(s) of Saratoga were considered by many historians to have been the turning point of the... The Battle of Valmy (September 20, 1792) formed a turning point in the wars associated with the French Revolution. ... Combatants France Anglo-Allied/Prussian/ Dutch Commanders Napoléon Bonaparte Duke of Wellington Gebhard von Blücher Strength 72,000 67,000 Anglo-Dutch 60,000 Prussian (48,000 engaged by about 18:00) Casualties 25,000 22,000 Map of the Waterloo campaign The Battle of Waterloo, fought on... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...

Point of view

The book is a product of the Victorian era, and Creasy's descriptions of the battles and their impact on history are from a decidedly Eurocentric, and specifically Anglocentric, point of view. For example, every one of Creasy's choices involve Europeans as one or both of the combatants. Of the ten battles fought among Europeans, five of these involve the English. Five of the battles are described as a clash of civilizations between European and Asiatic powers (or between the Indo-European and Semitic races), with each one being a European victory and with the view that the Europeans are superior. Creasy's comments about Alexander's victory at Arbela are: Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her Accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of Great Britain is considered the height of the British industrial revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Eurocentrism is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing emphasis on European (and, generally, Western) concerns, culture and values at the expense of those of other cultures. ... Ethnocentrism (Greek ethnos (nation + -centrism) or ethnocentricity is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. ... The English are an ethnic group directly associated with England and the English language. ... Cover of The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order The Clash of Civilizations is a controversial theory in international relations. ... This article is about the continent. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ... Semitic is a linguistic term referring to a subdivision of largely Middle Eastern Afro-Asiatic languages, the Semitic languages, as well as their speakers corresponding cultures, and ethnicities. ...

"Alexander's victory at Arbela not only overthrew an Oriental dynasty, but established European rulers in its stead. It broke the monotony of the Eastern world by the impression of Western energy and superior civilization, even as England's present mission is to break up the mental and moral stagnation of India and Cathay by pouring upon and through them the impulsive current of Anglo-Saxon commerce and conquest."

In his discussion of the Battle of Marathon, he writes: The term the Orient - literally meaning sunrise, east - is traditionally used to refer to Near, Middle, and Far Eastern countries. ... Cathay is the Anglicized version of Catai, the name that was given to northern China by Marco Polo (he referred to southern China as Manji). ...

"The Greeks, from their geographical position, formed the natural vanguard of European liberty against Persian ambition ; and they pre-eminently displayed the salient points of distinctive national character which have rendered European civilization so far superior to Asiatic."

Derivative works

Since the publication of Creasy's book, other historians have attempted to modify or add to the list.

The Battle of San Jacinto

German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad

• In 1930 Texas historian Clarence Wharton published San Jacinto: The Sixteenth Decisive Battle, in which he made the case for adding the final battle of the Texas Revolution to Creasy's list. In 1936 the San Jacinto Monument was given an insciption that echoed Wharton's view: "Measured by its results, San Jacinto was one of the decisive battles of the world. The freedom of Texas from Mexico won here led to annexation and to the Mexican War, resulting in the acquisition by the United States of the states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California, Utah and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas and Oklahoma. Almost one-third of the present area of the American Nation, nearly a million square miles of territory, changed sovereignty."
• In 1954-1956, British historian J.F.C. Fuller published The Decisive Battles of the Western World and their Influence upon History. Among the battles he listed was the Battle of Warsaw (1920).
• In 1956, historian and author Fletcher Pratt published The Battles that Changed History, stories of conflicts that forever changed the course of world events:
  1. Arbela and the Man Who Would Be God
  2. The Red King at Beneventum
  3. Fighting in the Streets and the Future of Order
  4. Kadisiyah and the Cost of Conquest
  5. Las Navas de Tolosa and Why the Americas Were Conquered
  6. Jeanne d'Arc and the Non-Conquest of England
  7. Vienna and the Failure to Complete the Crescent
  8. Leyden and the Foundation of Sea Power
  9. Gustavus Adolphus and the End of the Middle Ages
  10. Interlude; the Day of Inadequate Decisions
  11. Frederick the Great and the Unacceptable Decision
  12. "Quebec, Quiberon, America"
  13. Why the American Revolution Succeeded
  14. "Trafalgar, Austerlitz, and the Fall and Rise of Empire"
  15. The Things Decided at Vicksburg
  16. More Than Midway
• In 1964, American historian Lt. Col. Joseph B. Mitchell published Twenty Decisive Battles of the World, an update of Creasy's list with five additions:
  1. The Vicksburg Campaign, 1863. By capturing the Mississippi River during the American Civil War, the Union separated the Confederacy into two halves.
  2. Battle of Sadowa, 1866. This Prussian victory over the Austrians during the Seven Weeks War paved the way for a German empire.
  3. First Battle of the Marne, 1914. The French prevented a German assault of Paris and an early German victory in World War I.
  4. Battle of Midway, 1942. The beginning of the United States offensive in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and the devastating loss of four Japanese aircraft carriers.
  5. Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-43. The defeat of the German attempt to conquer the Soviet Union and a significant loss of German resources in World War II.
• In 1976, Noble Frankland and Christopher Dowling published Decisive Battles of the Twentieth Century, which listed 23 battles, from the Battle of Tsushima to the Tet Offensive.

Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto Detail from painting (completed 1898) by Harry Arthur McArdle (1836-1908) that hangs in the Texas Capitol building. ... Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto Detail from painting (completed 1898) by Harry Arthur McArdle (1836-1908) that hangs in the Texas Capitol building. ... Combatants Mexico Texas Commanders Antonio López de Santa Anna Sam Houston Strength about 1,200 910 Casualties 630 killed, 208 wounded, 730 captured 9 killed, 30 wounded The Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. ... German soldiers at Stalingrad from http://www-cgsc. ... German soldiers at Stalingrad from http://www-cgsc. ... Combatants Axis Powers Soviet Union Commanders Erich von Manstein Friedrich Paulus Georgy Zhukov Vasily Chuikov Strength 500,000 1,700,000 Casualties 850,000 military 750,000+ military 40,000+ civilian The Battle of Stalingrad was a major turning point in World War II and is considered one of the... Official language(s) None. ... Combatants Mexico Texas Commanders Antonio López de Santa Anna Sam Houston Strength about 1,200 910 Casualties 630 killed, 208 wounded, 730 captured 9 killed, 30 wounded The Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. ... The Texas Revolution was fought from October 2, 1835 to April 21, 1836 between Mexico and the Tejas portion of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The San Jacinto Monument is a 171 meter ( 561 feet ) high column topped with a 220 ton star that commemorates the site of the Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. ... The Mexican-American War was a war fought between the United States and Mexico between 1846 and 1848. ... Official language(s) None. ... Official language(s) None, English, Spanish(de facto) Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 5th 315,194 km² 550 km 595 km 0. ... Official language(s) None Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 6th 295,254 km² 500 km 645 km 0. ... Official language(s) None Capital Carson City Largest city Las Vegas Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 7th 286,367 km² 519 km 788 km 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 3rd 410,000 km² 402. ... Official language(s) English Capital Salt Lake City Largest city Salt Lake City Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 13th 219,887 km² 435 km 565 km 3. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 8th 269 837 km² 451 km 612 km 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 10th 253,554 km² 450 km 580 km 0. ... Official language(s) None Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 15th 82,277 mi²; 213,096 km² 211 mi; 340 km 400 mi; 645 km 0. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 20th 181,196 km² 355 km 645 km 1. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... J.F.C. Fuller (September 1, 1878 – February 10, 1966), full name John Frederick Charles Fuller, was a British Major General, military historian and strategist, notable as an early theorist of modern armoured warfare, including categorising principles of warfare. ... The Battle of Warsaw (sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish Cud nad WisÅ‚Ä…) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Soviet War, the war that began soon after the end of World War I in 1918 and lasted until the Treaty of Riga in 1921. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Murray Fletcher Pratt (1897–1956) was a science fiction and fantasy writer; he was also well-known as a writer on naval history and on the American Civil War. ... Combatants Macedon Greek allies Persia Commanders Alexander the Great Darius III Strength 7,500 cavalry 40,000 infantry probably around 250,000 230,000 Persian infantry, 20,000 cavalry 200 scythed chariots war elephants Casualties At least 4,200 killed and wounded About 200,000 killed and wounded or more... Alexander the Great (in Greek , transliterated Megas Alexandros) (Alexander III of Macedon) was born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC, King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is considered one of the most successful military commanders in world history (if not the... Pyrrhus (312-272 BC) (Greek: Πυρρος - the color of fire, red-blonde, Latin Pyrrhus), king of the Molossians (from ca. ... Combatants Roman Republic Epiriots and Italian Greeks Commanders Marcus Curius Dentatus Pyrrhus of Epirus Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties {{{casualties1}}} {{{casualties2}}} {{{notes}}} The Battle of Beneventum (275 BC) was the last battle fought between the forces of Pyrrhus of Epirus (without Samnite allies) and the Romans, led by consul Marcus Curius... The Nika riots (Greek: Στάση του Νίκα), or Nika revolt, took place over the course of a week in Constantinople in 532. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The battle of Qādisiyyah (Qadisiyya, Qadisiyyah, Kadisiya) was the decisive engagement between the Arab Muslim army and the Sāsānian Persian army during the first period of Islamic expansion which resulted in the Islamic conquest of Iran. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... The July 16, 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa is considered a major turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia. ... Image of Joan of Arc, painted between 1450 and 1500 (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490). ... The Siege of Vienna of 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, represented the farthest Westward advance into Central Europe of the Ottoman Empire, and of all the clashes between the armies of Christianity and Islam might be signaled as the battle that finally stemmed the previously... Leiden (in English also, but now rarely, Leyden) is a city and municipality in South Holland, The Netherlands. ... Gustav II Adolph Gustav II Adolph (December 9, 1594 - November 6, 1632) (also known as Gustav Adolph the Great, under the Latin name Gustavus Adolphus or the Swedish form Gustav II Adolf) was a King of Sweden. ... Frederick the Great Frederick II of Prussia (Friedrich der Große, Frederick the Great, January 24, 1712 – August 17, 1786) was the Hohenzollern king of Prussia 1740–86. ... The American Revolution was a revolution that ended two centuries of rule of the Thirteen Colonies by the British Empire and created the modern United States of America. ... Trafalgar can refer to: Cape Trafalgar in south west Spain The Battle of Trafalgar, fought near the cape. ... At the Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805), during the Napoleonic War of the Third Coalition, a French force of approximately 73,000 under Napoleon decisively defeated a joint Russo_Austrian force of over 89,000, commanded by Russian General Kutuzov with General von Weyrother commanding the Austrian contingent. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Ulysses S. Grant John C. Pemberton Strength Army of the Tennessee Army of Vicksburg Casualties 10,142 9,091 {{{notes}}} The Battle of Vicksburg or Siege of Vicksburg was the final significant battle in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American... Combatants United States Japan Commanders Chester Nimitz Frank J. Fletcher Raymond A. Spruance Isoroku Yamamoto Chuichi Nagumo Yamaguchi Tamon Strength Three carriers, about 50 support ships 233 carrier aircraft; 127 land-based aircraft Four carriers, about 150 support ships 248 carrier aircraft; 16 floatplanes Casualties 1 carrier, 1 destroyer sunk... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... Joseph Brady Mitchell (September 25, 1915-February 17, 1993) was an American military historian. ... Lithograph of the Mississippi River Squadron running the Confederate blockade at Vicksburg on April 16, 1863. ... This article is about the river in the United States. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Abraham Lincoln† Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Strength 2,213,363 1,064,200 Casualties KIA: 110,100 Total dead: 359,500 Wounded: 275,200 KIA: 74,500 Total dead: 198,500 Wounded: 137,000+  The American... painting of the battle by Georg Bleibtreu (1869) In the Battle of Königgrätz or Battle of Sadowa of July 3, 1866, the Austro-Prussian War was decided in favor of Prussia. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... The Austro-Prussian War (also called the Seven Weeks War) was a war fought between Austria and Prussia in 1866 that resulted in Prussian dominance in Germany. ... Combatants France United Kingdom Germany Commanders Joseph Joffre John French Helmuth von Moltke Karl von Bulow Alexander von Kluck Strength 1,071,000 1,485,000 Casualties Approximately 263,000 including; 80,000 French dead 1,701 British dead Approximately 250,000 total The First Battle of the Marne was... The Eiffel Tower, the tallest structure in Paris, is an international symbol of the city. ... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 8 million Full list Military dead: 3 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 6 million Full... Combatants United States Japan Commanders Chester Nimitz Frank J. Fletcher Raymond A. Spruance Isoroku Yamamoto Chuichi Nagumo Yamaguchi Tamon Strength Three carriers, about 50 support ships 233 carrier aircraft; 127 land-based aircraft Four carriers, about 150 support ships 248 carrier aircraft; 16 floatplanes Casualties 1 carrier, 1 destroyer sunk... Combatants Allies: • Poland, • UK & Commonwealth, • France, • Soviet Union, • United States, • China, ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Italy, • Japan, ...and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total: 50 million Full list Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total: 12 million Full list World War II, also... An aircraft carrier is a warship designed to deploy and recover aircraft—in effect acting as a sea-going airbase. ... Combatants Axis Powers Soviet Union Commanders Erich von Manstein Friedrich Paulus Georgy Zhukov Vasily Chuikov Strength 500,000 1,700,000 Casualties 850,000 military 750,000+ military 40,000+ civilian The Battle of Stalingrad was a major turning point in World War II and is considered one of the... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... Combatants Japan Russia Commanders Heihachiro Togo Zinovi Rozhdestvenski Nikolai Nebogatov Strength 4 battleships, 27 cruisers, in addition to destroyers and auxiliary vessels 8 battleships, 3 coastal battleships, 8 cruisers Casualties 117 dead, 583 injured, 3 torpedo boats sunk 4380 dead, 5917 injured 21 ships sunk, 7 captured, 6 disarmed {{{notes... Combatants South Vietnam United States New Zealand Australia North Vietnam National Liberation Front Commanders William Westmoreland Central committees of the NLF and DRVN Strength 50,000+ (estimate) 85,000+ (estimate) Casualties USA/AUS/SKOR: 1,536 dead, 7,764 wounded, 11 missing ARVN: 2,788 dead, 8,299 wounded, 587...

External links

• Free eBook The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World at Project Gutenberg