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Buddhism
A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found in Sarnath, near Varanasi. ...
Image File history File links Lotus-buddha. ...
| | History of Buddhism
Timeline of Buddhism
Buddhist councils
The history of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. ...
563 BCE: SiddhÄrtha Gautama, Buddha-to-be, is born in Lumbini, Ancient India. ...
// 1st Buddhist council (5th century BC) The first Buddhist council was held soon after the death of the Buddha under the patronage of king Ajatasatru, and presided by a monk named Mahakasyapa, at Rajagaha (todays Rajgir). ...
| | Foundations
Four Noble Truths
Noble Eightfold Path
The Five Precepts
Nirvāna · Three Jewels
Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. ...
The Four Noble Truths (Pali: Chattari Arya Sachchhani, Chinese: å››è–諦 Sìshèngdì), being among the most fundamental Buddhist teachings, appear many times throughout the most ancient Buddhist texts, the Pali Canon. ...
The Noble Eightfold Path (Sanskrit Ä€ryo á¹£á¹Äá¹…go mÄrgaḥ , PÄli Ariyo aá¹á¹haá¹…giko maggo) of Buddhism, as taught by the Buddha ÅšÄkyamuni, is the way to the cessation of suffering, the fourth part of the Four Noble Truths. ...
[ (Devanagari , Pali: NibbÄna निबà¥à¤¬à¤¾à¤¨ -- Chinese: 涅槃; Pinyin: niè pán), literally extinction and/or extinguishing (ie, of the passions) is a mode of being that is free from mind-contaminants (Kilesa) such as lust, anger or craving. ...
The Triratna or Three Jewels symbol, on a Buddha footprint. ...
| | Key Concepts
Three marks of existence
Skandha · Cosmology · Dharma
Samsara · Rebirth · Shunyata
Pratitya-samutpada · Karma
Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. ...
After much meditation, the Buddha concluded that everything in the physical world (plus everything in the phenomenology of psychology) is marked by three characteristics, known as the three characteristics of existence or Dharma Seals. ...
The skandhas (Sanskrit: PÄli: Khandha; literally: heap or bundle) are the five constituents or aggregates through which the functioning and experience of an individual is created according to Buddhist phenomenology. ...
Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the universe according to the canonical Buddhist scriptures and commentaries. ...
In East Asia, the character for Dharma is 法, pronounced fǎ in Mandarin and hŠin Japanese. ...
SaṃsÄra, the Sanskrit and PÄli term for continous movement or continuous flowing refers in Buddhism to the concept of a cycle of birth (jÄti) and consequent decay and death (jarÄmaraṇa), in which all beings in the universe participate and which can only be escaped...
// Rebirth in the context of other religions and other Buddhist beliefs One of the features that distinguishes the Middle Eastern religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) from the Indian religions (most notably Hinduism and Buddhism) is the view of life and death. ...
ŚūnyatÄ, शूनà¥à¤¯à¤¤à¤¾ (Sanskrit, Pali: suññatÄ), or Emptiness, is a term for an aspect of the Buddhist metaphysical critique as well as Buddhist epistemology and phenomenology. ...
The doctrine of PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda (Sanskrit) or Paá¹iccasamuppÄda (PÄli; Tibetan: ) is Buddhisms primary contribution to metaphysics. ...
Karma (Sanskrit karman) or Kamma (PÄli) means action or doing; whatever one does, says, or thinks is a karma. ...
| | Major Figures
Gautama Buddha
Buddha's Disciples · Family
A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. ...
Standing Buddha, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE, Musée Guimet. ...
| | Practices and Attainment
Buddhahood · Bodhisattva
Four Stages of Enlightenment
Paramis · Meditation
A giant Ngatatgyi Buddha in Yangon, Myanmar In Buddhism, a Buddha (Sanskrit, PÄli) is any being who has become fully awakened (enlightened), has permanently overcome greed, hate, and ignorance, and has achieved complete liberation from suffering. ...
In Buddhist thought, a bodhisattva (Pali: bodhisatta; Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: púsà ; Japanese: è©è–© bosatsu; Korean: ë³´ì‚´ bosal ; Tibetan changchub sempa (byang-chub sems-dpa); Vietnamese: Bồ Tát; Thai: พระโพธิสัตว์) is a being who is dedicated to assisting all sentient beings in achieving complete Buddhahood. ...
The Four stages of enlightenment in Buddhism are the four degrees of approach to full enlightenment as an arhat which a Buddhist can attain in this life. ...
Pāramitā (Sanskrit) or Parami (Pāli): Perfection or Transcendent (lit. ...
Buddhist meditation, meditation used in the practice of Buddhism, includes any method of meditation that has Enlightenment as its ultimate aim. The closest word for meditation in the classical languages of Buddhism is bhavana or mental development. // Methods of meditation The main methods of Buddhist meditation are divided into samatha...
| | Buddhism by Region
Southeast Asia · East Asia
Tibet · India · Western
Buddhist beliefs and practices vary according to region. ...
Theravada (Pali; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada) is one of the eighteen (or twenty) Nikāya schools that formed early in the history of Buddhism. ...
The Aomori Daibutsu (Big Buddha), Aomori, Japan. ...
Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, the Himalayan region (including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim), Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia (Russia), and northeastern China (Manchuria: Heilongjiang, Jilin). ...
The Indo-Greek king Menander (155-130 BCE) is the first Western historical figure documented to have converted to Buddhism. ...
| | Schools of Buddhism
Theravāda · Mahāyāna
Vajrayāna · Early schools
There are many divisions and subdivisions of the schools of Buddhism. ...
Theravada (Pali; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada) is one of the eighteen (or twenty) NikÄya schools that formed early in the history of Buddhism. ...
Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ...
Chinese : 金剛乘 jin gang cheng A mandala used in Vajrayana Buddhist practices. ...
Divisions among the early Buddhist schools came about due to doctrinal or practical differences in the views of the Buddhist Sangha following the death of the Buddha. ...
| | Texts
Pali Suttas · Mahayana Sutras
Vinaya · Abhidhamma
There are a great variety of Buddhist texts. ...
The Sutta Pitaka (or Sutra Pitaka) is the second of three divisions of the Tipitaka, the great Pali collection of Buddhist writings. ...
Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that were originally put in writing starting in the first century BCE. They form the basis of the various Mahayana schools. ...
Pali or Sanskrit word meaning discipline. The Vinaya is the textual framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha. ...
The abhidhamma is the name of one of the three pitakas, or baskets of tradition, into which the Tipitaka (Pali; Sanskrit: Tripitaka), the canon of early Buddhism, is divided. ...
| | Comparative Studies
Culture · List of Topics
Portal: Buddhism
 The cultural elements of Buddhism vary by region and include: Buddhist cuisine Buddhist art Buddharupa Art and architecture of Japan Greco-Buddhism Tibetan Buddhist sacred art Buddhist music Buddhist chant Shomyo Categories: Buddhism-related stubs ...
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z The following is a List of Buddhist topics: A Abhidharma Ahimsa Ajahn Ajahn Chah Ajanta Aksobhya Alexandra David-Néel...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
This box: view • talk • edit | The five precepts (Pali: Pañcasīla, Sanskrit: Pañcaśīla Ch: 五戒 wǔ jiè, Sinhala: පන්සිල්) constitute the basic Buddhist code of ethics, undertaken by lay followers of the Buddha Gautama. Pali may refer to: PÄli, a Middle Indo-Aryan language Pali, Rajasthan, a town and district in Rajasthan, western India Pali, a Hawaiian word, meaning cliffs Nuuanu Pali, a region on the Hawaiian island of Oahu Ballaleshwar Pali, the Ganapati temple of pali and place in Maharastra This is...
The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ...
Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ...
Sinhala (also referred to as Sinhalese; earlier referred to as Singhalese) is the mother tongue of the Sinhalese, the largest ethnic group of Sri Lanka. ...
Ethics (from the Ancient Greek ethikos, meaning arising from habit) is a major branch of philosophy. ...
Standing Buddha, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE, Musée Guimet. ...
The laity undertake to follow these training rules at the same time as they become Buddhists, taking refuge in the Triple Gem: In the Buddha (teacher), in the Dharma (teaching) and thirdly in the Sangha (community of monks and nuns). A lay practitioner who has undertaken the precepts is called an Upasaka. A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found in Sarnath, near Varanasi. ...
The Triratna or Three Jewels symbol, on a Buddha footprint. ...
A giant Ngatatgyi Buddha in Yangon, Myanmar In Buddhism, a Buddha (Sanskrit, PÄli) is any being who has become fully awakened (enlightened), has permanently overcome greed, hate, and ignorance, and has achieved complete liberation from suffering. ...
Dharma (Sanskrit धरà¥à¤®) or Dhamma (PÄli) means Natural Law or Reality, and with respect to its significance for spirituality and religion might be considered the Way of the Higher Truths. ...
It has been suggested that bhikkhu be merged into this article or section. ...
Upasaka (Sanskrit for servant, female upasika) describes followers of Buddhism (Gautama Buddha) not being a monk or a member of a Buddhistic order; a lay follower. ...
The Buddha is said to have taught the five precepts out of compassion, not out of any desire to control his followers, and so they are to be undertaken voluntarily rather than as commandments from a god.
The Buddha said that undertaking the precepts is a gift to oneself and others [1]. He also described the rewards of following the precepts [2] and the bad consequences of breaking the precepts [3].
The following are the five precepts rendered in English and then Pali.
- I undertake the precept to refrain from taking the life (killing) of living beings.
Pānātipātā veramani sikkhāpadam samādiyāmi - I undertake the precept to refrain from stealing.
Adinnādānā veramani sikkhāpadam samādiyāmi - I undertake the precept to refrain from sexual misconduct (adultery, rape, etc).
Kāmesu micchācāra veramani sikkhāpadam samādiyāmi - I undertake the precept to refrain from false speech (lying).
Musāvāda veramani sikkhāpadam samādiyāmi - I undertake the precept to refrain from intoxicants which lead to heedlessness.
Surā meraya majja pamādatthānā veramani sikkhāpadam samādiyāmi
Chinese version of five precepts
The Chinese version as found in the Supplement to the Canon (續藏經 XùZàngJīng) hardly differs: - As the Buddha refrained from killing until the end of his life, so I too will refrain from killing until the end of my life.
如諸佛盡壽不殺生，我某甲亦盡壽不殺生 - As the Buddha refrained from stealing until the end of his life, so I too will refrain from stealing until the end of my life.
如諸佛盡壽不偷盜，我某甲亦盡壽不偷盜 - As the Buddha refrained from sexual misconduct until the end of his life, so I too will refrain from sexual misconduct until the end of my life.
如諸佛盡壽不淫欲，我某甲亦盡壽不邪淫 - As the Buddha refrained from false speech until the end of his life, so I too will refrain from false speech until the end of my life.
如諸佛盡壽不妄語；我某甲亦盡壽不妄語 - As the Buddha refrained from alcohol until the end of his life, so I too will refrain from alcohol until the end of my life.
如諸佛盡壽不飲酒，我某甲亦盡壽不飲酒
References - ^ Anguttara Nikaya 8.39
- ^ Anguttara Nikaya 8.39
- ^ Anguttara Nikaya 8.40
See also The Eight Precepts are the precepts for Buddhist lay men and women who wish to practice a bit more strictly than the usual five precepts for Buddhists. ...
The Ten Precepts (Pali: dasasila or samanerasikkha) are the precepts or training-rules for samaneras (male) and samaneris (female), also referred to as novice monks or nuns. ...
In Buddhism, Patimokkha is the basic code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for monks (bhikkhus) and 311 for nuns (bhikkhunis). ...
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