NationMaster - Encyclopedia: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

The Republic of Macedonia¹, recognised by most states and international organizations as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), is an independent state on the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe. It is often called simply Macedonia, although this can cause confusion with the Greek region of Macedonia and the wider geographical region. The Republic of Macedonia is a portion of the geographical region of Macedonia, containing roughly 38 percent of the area and about 44 percent of the population of the wider region. File links The following pages link to this file: European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe S.S. Lazio West Bromwich Albion F.C. Republic of Macedonia Freedom House La Francophonie European Youth Parliament Football World Cup 2006 Flag of the Republic of... This picture is picture of Coat of arms. ... Flag ratio: 1:2 The Flag of the Republic of Macedonia represents a rising yellow sun with eight rays extending to the edges of the red field. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique status in the constitutions of countries, states, and other territories. ... The Macedonian language (Македонски, Makedonski) is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Modern Skopje Skopje (Albanian: Shkup, Macedonian: Скопје) is the capital city of the Republic of Macedonia. ... The Macedonian Presidency begun in 1990, and its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president in the world up until his resignation as president in 1999. ... Branko Crvenkovski in Macedonian Бранко Црвенковски is the President and former Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia. ... Vlado Bučkovski (Владо Бучковски) (born December 2, 1962 in Skopje) is the prime minister of the Republic of Macedonia, elected by parliament on December 15, 2004. ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... In the most common sense of the word, a population is the collection of people—or organisms of a particular species—living in a given geographic area. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ... Independence is autonomous self-government of a country by its residents and indigenous population. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... The Macedonian Denar (MKN), split into 100 Deni, is the official currency of the Republic of Macedonia. ... -1... European Summer Time is the daylight saving time practised in Europe, the period during which clocks are advanced by one hour in relation to the official time observed during the rest of the year. ... Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of UTC+1 time zone, 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... This is a list of national anthems. ... Today Over Macedonia, the anthem of the Republic of Macedonia, was composed and created in 1943 by Vlado Maleski. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ... .mk is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for the Republic of Macedonia. ... Albanian or Gjuha shqipe is a language spoken by more than six million inhabitants of the western Balkan peninsula (Albania, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece) in south_eastern Europe (Albanians) and by a small number of people in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Turkish (Türkçe or Türk dili) is a Turkic language, spoken natively by over 100 million speakers in Turkey, Cyprus, and worldwide. ... The Serbian language or Serb language is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem, formerly (and still frequently) called Serbo-Croatian. ... Romany (or Romani) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, travelling peoples often referred to in English as gypsies and in the East and Central Europe known as tsigane. ... This article discusses states as sovereign political entities. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... The region called Macedonia (or Makedonia) in Greece is a large section of the north-northwestern part of the country which collectivally with Thrace, is forming Northern Greece. ... The huge equestrian statue of Alexander the Great, king of ancient Macedon, on the waterfront at Thessaloniki, capital of Greek Macedonia Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe with an area of around 67,000 square kilometres and a population of 4. ...

The lands governed by the Republic of Macedonia were previously the southernmost part of Yugoslavia. Its current borders were fixed shortly after World War II when socialist Yugoslavia established the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, controversially recognising the Macedonian Slavs as a separate nation within Yugoslavia. Renamed as the Republic of Macedonia in 1991, it seceded peacefully from Yugoslavia without any further territorial changes. However, since then the country has been embroiled in a prolonged political dispute with Greece concerning its use of the name "Macedonia". Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... The Macedonian Slavs are an ethnic group which inhabits the geographical region of Macedonia in south-eastern Europe and speaks the Macedonian language. ... Greece, officaly called the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), is a country in the southeast of Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. ... International disputes Naming dispute with Greece The Republic of Macedonia (also Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in foreign relations) is in dispute with Greece over its use of the name Macedonia. The Republic contains roughly 38% of the area and nearly 44% of the population of the geographical region known...

History

Main article: History of the Republic of Macedonia This article is about the history of a nation which now refers to itself as the Republic of Macedonia, known internationally as The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). ...

The lands governed by the Republic of Macedonia were part of a number of ancient states and former empires; ancient Macedon (which established the name of the whole Macedonian region), Paionia, the Roman and Byzantine empires as well as medieval Bulgarian and Serbian states. In the 14th century the region was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Macedon (aka. ... Paionia (Romanized as Paeonia) was, in ancient geography, the land of the Paionians (or Paiones, Paeonians), the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. ... The Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843-1806). ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... (Redirected from 14th) 14 (fourteen) is the natural number following 13 and preceding 15. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923...

Following the two Balkan wars in 1912 and 1913 and the dissolution of the Ottomans, it became part of Serbia and was known as Južna Srbija ("Southern Serbia"). After the First World War Serbia joined the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1929, the kingdom was officially renamed Yugoslavia and divided into provinces called "banovinas". The territory of the modern Republic of Macedonia became the Province of Vardar (Vardarska banovina). The outcome as of April 1914 The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912- 1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria) first conquered Ottoman-held Macedonia and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the... 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... Ban was a title used in some states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 9th century and the 20th century. ... The Vardar (or Axios) is the principal river of the Macedonian region of south-eastern Europe. ...

In 1941, Yugoslavia was occupied by the Axis powers. The Banate of Vardar was divided between Bulgaria and Italian-occupied Albania. Harsh rule by the occupying forces encouraged many Macedonians to support the resistance movement of Josip Broz Tito, who became Yugoslavia's president when the war ended. After the end of the Second World War, People's Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was established, in which People's Republic of Macedonia within Yugoslavia became one of the six republics of the Yugoslav federation. Following the federation's renaming to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963, the People's Republic of Macedonia was likewise renamed Socialist Republic of Macedonia. The republic renamed itself the Republic of Macedonia in 1991 and peacefully seceded from Yugoslavia. It came into conflict with Greece over its official name soon after its declaration of independence, and as of 2005 the dispute still persists. The word axis has several meanings: In geometry, it may refer to: An axis of rotation A coordinate axis An axis of symmetry In anatomy, the axis is the second cervical vertebra. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ... Albania is a Mediterranean country in southeastern Europe. ... Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980) was the ruler of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Republic of Macedonia remained at peace through the Yugoslav wars of the early 1990s but was significantly disrupted by the Kosovo War in 1999, when an estimated 360,000 ethnic Albanians from Kosovo took refuge in the country. They returned quickly following the war but soon after, Albanian radicals on both sides of the border took up arms in pursuit of autonomy or independence for the Albanian-populated areas of the Republic. A short war was fought between government and ethnic Albanian rebels, mostly in the north and west of the country, in March-June 2001. It ended with the intervention of a small NATO ceasefire monitoring force and government undertakings to devolve greater political power and cultural recognition to the Albanian minority. The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that went on in the 1990s. ... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... The Albanians or Shqiptarë are a people of the western Balkan peninsula, speaking the Albanian language and numbering today approximately six million worldwide. ... NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on April 4, 1949. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of the Republic of Macedonia Politics of the Republic of Macedonia: From the CIA World Factbook 2000/2001, partially updated Country name: conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija abbreviation: F.Y.R.O.M. Data code: MK Government type...

The "Republic of Macedonia"/FYROM is a parliamentary democracy with an executive government composed of a coalition of parties from the unicameral legislature (Собрание, Sobranie), and an independent judicial branch with a constitutional court. The role of the President of the Republic is mostly ceremonial, with the real power resting in the hands of the President of the Government of Macedonia. A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ...

With the passage of a new law and elecitons held in 2005, local government functions are divided between 78 municipalities (opštini, singular - opština). The capital, Skopje, is governed as a group of ten municipalities collectively referred to as "the City of Skopje".

The Republic is a member of a number of international organisations such as the United Nations and Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is seeking to join NATO and the European Union, although its accession to both is to take place after 2006 and 2009, respectively. The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization made up of 191 states established in 1945. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... For the National Association of Theatre Owners, please see National Association of Theatre Owners. ... The European Union or EU is an intergovernmental organisation of European countries, which currently has 25 member states. ...

Within the Republic of Macedonia, the main political divergence is between the largely ethnically-based political parties representing the country's Macedonian majority and large Albanian minority (25 %). The issue of the power balance between the two communities led to a brief war in 2001, following which a power-sharing agreement was reached.

Naming Dispute

The "Republic of Macedonia" has generally amicable relations with the outside world, but since its independence in 1991 it has been embroiled in a dispute with Greece over the country's official name, national symbols and constitution. The Greek government objected to the Republic's use of the name "Macedonia" on the grounds that it was a Greek name already in use by Greek Macedonia; that its flag, depicting the Vergina Sun, was a misappropriation of a symbol of the ancient state of Macedon that Greece considers Hellenic and which is found in ancient sites in Vergina in Greece; and that the Republic's constitution included clauses that Greece interpreted as presaging potential territorial claims. The Vergina Sun or Star of Vergina is the sixteen-ray star symbol that decorates the golden larnax found in burial site II, in Vergina, Greece, by archaeologist Prof. ...

In line with the Greek position, the United Nations made a precedent recognising the Republic in 1993 under the temporary name of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM), while launching continuing efforts to find a commonly acceptable name for both parties. After the state was admitted to the United Nations under this provisional name, other international organisations adopted the same convention, including the European Union, the European Broadcasting Union, NATO and the International Olympic Committee, among others. The Greek government and most states use the FYROM designation while many Greeks use the metonym Skopje (the name of the country's capital) to refer to the entire country; this has not caught on outside Greece. The issues of the flag and constitution were resolved in 1995 when FYROM relented and changed its flag and ammended the offending clauses in its constitution, but the naming issue remains unresolved. While many countries continue to refer to the country under the temporary reference, some states (including the United States, Russia, and the People's Republic of China) recognise it as the Republic of Macedonia rather than FYROM. Given the long name, the state is often referred to as Macedonia by non-Greeks, which leads to confusion with the region of Greek Macedonia and further frustrates the Greeks. The dispute continues to excite passions in both quarters but in practice the two countries deal pragmatically with each other. Economic relations and cooperation resumed since 1995 to such an extent that Greece is now considered one of the republic's most important foreign economic partners and investors [1] (http://www.nbrm.gov.mk/WBStorage/Files/AI_Annual_Report_2003_ang.pdf).

Geography

Main article: Geography of the Republic of Macedonia Location: Southeastern Europe, north of Greece Geographic coordinates: 41 50 N, 22 00 E Map references: Europe Area: total: 25,333 km² land: 24,856 km² water: 477 km² Area - comparative: slightly larger than Vermont Land boundaries: total: 748 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228...

The Republic of Macedonia encompasses only a part of the geographical region of Macedonia: the remainder is divided between neighbouring Greece (with about half of the total) and Bulgaria (with under a tenth). map of FYRO Macedonia, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of the Republic of Macedonia Republic of Macedonia Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... The huge equestrian statue of Alexander the Great, king of ancient Macedon, on the waterfront at Thessaloniki, capital of Greek Macedonia Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe with an area of around 67,000 square kilometres and a population of 4. ... Greece, officaly called the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), is a country in the southeast of Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. ... The region called Macedonia (or Makedonia) in Greece is a large section of the north-northwestern part of the country which collectivally with Thrace, is forming Northern Greece. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... Categories: Regions of Bulgaria | Macedonia | Bulgaria geography stubs ...

The terrain is mostly rugged, located between the Šar and Rhodope mountains around the valley of Vardar. The Šar mountain (Serbian Шар планина, Šar Planina; Albanian Malet e Sharrit, Sharr) is a mountain on the border of Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia. ... The Rhodopes (also spelled Rodopi) are a mountain range, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece. ... The Vardar (or Axios) is the principal river of the Macedonian region of south-eastern Europe. ...

The region is seismically active and has been subject to destructive earthquakes in the past, most recently in 1963 when Skopje was heavily damaged by a major earthquake. Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. ... Modern Skopje Skopje (Albanian: Shkup, Macedonian: Скопје) is the capital city of the Republic of Macedonia. ...

The Republic's biggest city by far is Skopje, the capital, with an estimated 600,000 inhabitants. After Skopje, the largest cities are Bitola, Kumanovo, Prilep and Tetovo, with populations ranging from about 50,000-100,000 people. Modern Skopje Skopje (Albanian: Shkup, Macedonian: Скопје) is the capital city of the Republic of Macedonia. ... Bitola (Cyrillic Битола, Greek Monastir, Serbian Bitolj/Битољ) is a city in the present day Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. ... Kumanovo is an important city in the northern part of Macedonia. ... Prilep (Cyrillic: Прилеп, other forms: Parleap, Pirlepe and Perlepe) is a city of 73,925 citizens, covering 1. ... Tetovo is a city in the north-west of the Republic of Macedonia, built on the foothills of the Šar Planina (Shar Mountain) and divided by the Pena river. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of the Republic of Macedonia Economy - overview: The breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 deprived F.Y.R.O.M. (Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia), then its poorest republic (only 5% of the total federal output of goods and services), of its key protected markets and large transfer payments from the center. ...

The Republic was the poorest area of the former Yugoslavia. Its economy suffered from the same problems faced by other former socialist East European countries. With the combined effects of its post-independence move to an open market economy and the collapse of the internal Yugoslav economy arose various economic and political problems with a great number of its main trade partners. Additionally due to the negative impact of the Yugoslav wars, the Kosovo war [1] (http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/kosovo/041699.htm#tab1), the following UN-mandated sanctions against Serbia (which accounted for 60% of its markets prior to the disintegration of Yugoslavia) [2] (http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cp99/eni/mk.htm), the 1994-1995 economic trade embargo imposed by Greece [3] (http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cp99/eni/mk.htm) and the 2001 Albanian crisis [4] (http://www.seerecon.org/press/pr011214.htm), economic difficulties persisted until early 2002. It has since made a sluggish recovery, though the extent of the unemployment and gray market continue to be of grave concern. Its per capita GDP remains one of the lowest in Europe. The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that went on in the 1990s. ... Unemployment rates in the United States. ... The grey market (in U.S. spelling, gray market) refers to the flow of goods through distribution channels other than those authorized by the manufacturer or producer. ...

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of the Republic of Macedonia Population Some statistics are from the 2002 census data, while the rest are estimates from the CIA World Factbook publication. ...

The mother tongue of 1.4 million of the state's inhabitants is Macedonian, a south Slavic language. Albanian is spoken by around 500,000 people and Turkish by 80,000. The majority of the population are Eastern Orthodox members of the Macedonian Orthodox Church at 66%, while 33% are Muslims, and 1% other religions. There are an estimated 120,000 Romany speakers. The Macedonian language (Македонски, Makedonski) is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. ... The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples. ... Albanian or Gjuha shqipe is a language spoken by more than six million inhabitants of the western Balkan peninsula (Albania, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece) in south_eastern Europe (Albanians) and by a small number of people in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Turkish (Türkçe or Türk dili) is a Turkic language, spoken natively by over 100 million speakers in Turkey, Cyprus, and worldwide. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... The Macedonian Orthodox Church is a body of Eastern Orthodox Christians faithful residing in the Republic of Macedonia or having migrated from it. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Romany (or Romani) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, travelling peoples often referred to in English as gypsies and in the East and Central Europe known as tsigane. ...

Culture

The Republic of Macedonia, formally known by international organizations and foreign states as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), is a diverse country, with a Slav Macedonian majority (65%) and a large Albanian minority (25%), and Turks, Cincars, Gypsies, Greeks and Serbs. ... 1, 2 January New Years Day 1 May , Day of Labor 8 September National Day This article needs cleanup. ...

Miscellaneous

International disputes Naming dispute with Greece The Republic of Macedonia (also Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in foreign relations) is in dispute with Greece over its use of the name Macedonia. The Republic contains roughly 38% of the area and nearly 44% of the population of the geographical region known... Telephones - main lines in use: 408,000 (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 12,362 (1997) Telephone system: domestic: NA international: NA Radio broadcast stations: AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998) Radios: 410,000 (1997) Television broadcast stations: 136 (1997) Televisions: 510,000 (1997) Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 6 (1999) Internet... Railways: total: 699 km standard gauge: 699 km 1. ... Macedonian Armed Forces (Macedonian Армијата на Република Македонија) were formed in 1992 after withdrawal of Yugoslav Peoples Army which left behind only small number of infantry weapons and four broken World War 2 T-34 tanks to equip new army. ...

External links

Official government sites

Other, unofficial web sites

Notes

¹ The title of this article is not meant to imply an official position on this naming dispute. See United Nations Resolution 817 (1993) (http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u930407a.htm)

Categories: European countries | Republic of Macedonia This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Albania is a Mediterranean country in southeastern Europe. ... National motto: Virtus Unita Fortior (Latin: Virtue united is stronger) Official language: Catalan. ... Armenia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. ... Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) is a country in the Caucasus, in the crossroads of Europe and Southwest Asia, with an east coast on the Caspian Sea. ... Belarus (Belarusian: Белару́сь or Biełaruś, Russian: Белару́сь (formerly: Белору́ссия), Polish: Białoruś) is a landlocked nation of Eastern Europe with the capital Minsk. ... The Kingdom of Belgium (Dutch: Koninkrijk België, French: Royaume de Belgique, German: Königreich Belgien) is a country in Western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France, and the North Sea. ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (officially Bosna i Hercegovina, shortened to BiH, also in English variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... The Republic of Croatia is a crescent-shaped country in Europe bordering the Mediterranean, Central Europe and the Balkans. ... Cyprus (in Greek Kypros Κύπρος and in Turkish Kıbrıs) is an island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, 113 kilometres (70 miles) south of Turkey and around 120 km west of the Syrian coast. ... National motto: Truth prevails (Czech: Pravda vítězí) Official language Czech Capital Praha (Prague) President Václav Klaus Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek Area - Total - % water Ranked 114th 78,866 km² 2% Population - Total (2003) - Density Ranked 76th 10. ... The Kingdom of Denmark is geographically the smallest Nordic country and is part of the European Union. ... The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north. ... The Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... Greece, officaly called the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), is a country in the southeast of Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. ... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... Iceland - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Republic of Ireland (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann) is the official description of an independent state which covers approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, off the coast of north-west Europe. ... The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ... The Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), or Latvia (Latvian: Latvija), is a country in Northern Europe. ... The Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny, doubly landlocked country (one of two such countries, the other being Uzbekistan) in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to its west and by Austria to its east. ... The Republic of Lithuania (in Lithuanian, Lietuva) is a republic in Northeastern Europe. ... The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a small landlocked state in the north-west of the continental European Union, bordered by France, Germany and Belgium. ... Official languages Maltese and English Capital Valletta Largest City Birkirkara President Edward (Eddie) Fenech Adami Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi Religion Catholicism Area - Total - % water Ranked 184th 316 km² Negligible Population - Total (2003) - Density Ranked 211th 399,867 1262/km² Independence - Date From the UK September 21, 1964 Currency lira Time... The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the east. ... The Principality of Monaco or Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco or Monaco; Monegasque: Munegu or Principatu de Munegu) is a city state and the second-smallest country in the world, wedged in between the Mediterranean Sea and France along the French Riviera or Côte dAzur (The Blue Coast). ... Norway - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... 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Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Србија и Црна Гора, often abbreviated as SCG) is the name of the union of Serbia and Montenegro, two former Yugoslav republics united since 2003 in a loose confederation. ... National motto: None Official language Slovak Capital Bratislava President Ivan Gašparovič Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda Area - Total - % water Ranked 126th 49,035 km² Negligible Population - Total (2004) - Density Ranked 103rd 5,379,455 109/km² Independence January 1, 1993 (division of Czechoslovakia) Currency Slovak koruna Time zone - in summer CET... Slovenia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Kingdom of Spain or Spain (Spanish and Galician: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. ... The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige listen) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. ... The Swiss Confederation or Switzerland is a landlocked federal state in Europe, with neighbours Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ... The State of the Vatican City ( Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ), is a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy, and the smallest independent state in the world (both in area and in population). ... The coat of arms of the Holy See The term Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, lit. ... Dependency has a number of meanings: In project management, a dependency is a link amongst a projects terminal elements. ... Map of Akrotiri (Western) SBA Akrotiri (also known as the Western Sovereign Base Area or WSBA) and Dhekelia (also known as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area or ESBA) are UK Sovereign Base Areas (SBAs) in Cyprus, a former British Crown Colony. ... Motto: None Official language Faroese Capital Tórshavn Monarch Margrethe II Prime Minister Jóannes Eidesgaard Area - Total - % water World ranking: 189th 1,399 km² — Population - Total (2004) - Density World ranking: 211th 48,228 33. ... Motto: Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti (Latin: Conquered By No Enemy) Languages English (official), an English-influenced Spanish dialect called Llanito is also spoken Capital (Gibraltar) Coordinates 36°07′ N 5°21′ W Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis Richards Chief Minister Peter Caruana Area - Total - % water not ranked (192 if... The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. ... Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Island, a part of the Kingdom of Norway, is a 373-square-kilometer arctic volcanic island partly covered by glaciers and divided into two parts by a narrow isthmus. ... The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. ... The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin in Manx), a British crown dependency, lies in the Irish Sea almost equidistant from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. ... Svalbard, part of the Kingdom of Norway, lies in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe. ... A bicontinental country is a country whose contiguous continental territory (or in case an island state - its different islands) lie in two different continents. ... World map showing location of Asia A satellite composite image of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ... World map showing location of Asia A satellite composite image of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ...

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