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Encyclopedia > The Fountain (film)
The Fountain

The Fountain theatrical poster
Directed by Darren Aronofsky
Produced by Arnon Milchan
Eric Watson
Iain Smith
Written by Story:
Darren Aronofsky
Ari Handel
Screenplay:
Darren Aronofsky
Starring Hugh Jackman
Rachel Weisz
Ellen Burstyn
Music by Clint Mansell
Cinematography Matthew Libatique
Distributed by Warner Bros.
TFM Distribution
Kinowelt
Ascot Elite
20th Century Fox (all other areas)
Release date(s) November 22, 2006
Running time 96 min.
Country  United States
Language English
Budget $35 million
Official website
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile

The Fountain is a 2006 science fiction/fantasy film directed by Darren Aronofsky that follows three interwoven narratives that take place in the age of conquistadors, the modern-day period, and the far future. The film stars Hugh Jackman and Rachel Weisz, whose characters' romance exists in all three time periods. The Fountain explores the themes of love and mortality, drawing influences from Mayan mythology. The film is framed with visual language by using transition scenes, light, and shapes. Image File history File links Fountain_poster_1. ... Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... Arnon Milchan (1945-) is movie producer and businessman. ... Smith produced Seven Years In Tibet with French director Jean Jacques Annaud Iain Smith born (1949 Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish film producer, editor and director. ... Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian film producer, and film, television and stage actor, known for playing Wolverine in X-Men and its sequels, and for his Tony Award-winning performance on Broadway in The Boy from Oz. ... Rachel Weisz (born March 7, 1971) is an Academy Award-winning English film and television actress. ... Ellen Burstyn (born December 7, 1932 as Edna Rae Gillooly in Detroit, Michigan) is an Academy Award-winning American actress. ... Clint Mansell (born Clinton Darryl Mansell, 7 January 1963, in Coventry, England) is a Golden Globe nominated musician and composer. ... Matthew Libatique is the revolutionary cinematographer on such films as Pi, Requiem for a Dream, and The Fountain. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Warner Bros. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... Download high resolution version (1085x724, 102 KB)Earth flag created solely from public domain sources and released into the public domain by Derrick Coetzee. ... Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... // Please note that following the tradition of the English language film industry, these are the top grossing films that were first released in the United States and Canada in 2006; because they may have made most of their income in a later year, they may not be the top-grossing... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Fantasy films are films with fantastic themes, usually involving magic, supernatural events, make-believe creatures, or exotic fantasy worlds. ... Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... Conquistadors (Spanish: []) (English: Conqueror) were Spanish soldiers, explorers and adventurers who invaded and conquered much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 17th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement by Christopher Columbus in what is now the Bahamas // Hernán Cort... Modern day refers to the present time but may also refer to: Music Modern Day Prayer, a song on the 2002 album You Should Be Living by Twothirtyeight Modern Day Zero, a band Mr. ... Look up Future in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian film producer, and film, television and stage actor, known for playing Wolverine in X-Men and its sequels, and for his Tony Award-winning performance on Broadway in The Boy from Oz. ... Rachel Weisz (born March 7, 1971) is an Academy Award-winning English film and television actress. ... Note: This article primarily discusses philosophical ideologies in relation to the subject of romantic love. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... When you create an image to communicate an idea, you are using visual language. ...


Originally to be filmed in 2002 on a budget of $70 million with Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett in the lead, The Fountain shut down production as a result of Pitt's departure. Aronofsky was able to resurrect the project in 2005 with half the budget. The director incorporated visual effects into The Fountain by using minimal computer-generated imagery. He reduced the use of computers by using inexpensive footage provided by a macro-photographer. The Fountain was commercially released in the United States on November 22, 2006 to divided reviews. William Bradley Brad Pitt(born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. ... Catherine Élise Blanchett (born on May 14, 1969) is an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award-winning Australian actress. ... Soda bubbles in a glass — a macro photograph. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

Plot

The Fountain takes place in three interweaving narratives that encompass the age of the Spanish conquistadors, the near-future period, and a journey through deep space in an ecospheric starship. An Ecosphere is a glass enclosed, self-contained and self-sustaining closed ecosystem sold primarily as a gift. ... One of the fictional ships called the Starship Enterprise from Star Trek, one of the most famous fictional starships. ...

The scientist

Research oncologist Tommy Creo (Hugh Jackman) attempts to reverse brain tumors in rhesus monkeys through animal testing. His work is motivated by his cancer-stricken wife Izzi (Rachel Weisz). When the tests fail on a monkey named Donovan, Tommy is inspired to break medical protocol and use an untested compound derived from a Guatemalan tree. At first, the drug fails to stop the tumor's growth, but surprisingly rejuvenates Donovan, healing his wounds and improving his cognitive abilities. Please refer to cancer for the biology of malignant disease, as well as a list of malignant diseases. ... Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian film producer, and film, television and stage actor, known for playing Wolverine in X-Men and its sequels, and for his Tony Award-winning performance on Broadway in The Boy from Oz. ... A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either found in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland... Binomial name Macaca mulatta Zimmermann, 1780 The Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta), often called the Rhesus Monkey, is one of the best known species of Old World monkeys. ... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... Rachel Weisz (born March 7, 1971) is an Academy Award-winning English film and television actress. ... Medical protocol can refer to: medical guidelines for a medical treatment. ... Species About 10-20 species, including: Ceiba aesculifolia Ceiba glaziovii Ceiba insignis Ceiba pentandra Ceiba speciosa Ceiba trichistandra Ceiba is the name of a genus of many species of large trees found in tropical areas, including Central and South America, The Bahamas,the Caribbean, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. ... Rejuvenation is the procedure of reversing the aging process, thus regaining youth. ...


At home, Izzi points out a golden nebula to Tommy, describing it as Xibalba, the Mayan underworld. She also shows Tommy a book she is writing, set in the age of conquistadors, entitled The Fountain. When she goes to sleep, Tommy reads the book and falls asleep as well. When he wakes up, he finds that Izzi has gone to the museum. He meets her there, and she explains the creation story of the Mayans. She suddenly collapses from a seizure and is rushed to the hospital. She tells Tommy, at her bedside, that she no longer fears death. Tommy does not accept this and returns to his lab, working harder to find a cure for Izzi's brain tumor. In Maya mythology Xibalba (IPA: ), roughly translated as Place of fear,[1] is the name of the underworld, ruled by Mayan spirits of disease and death. ... It has been suggested that Creation within belief systems be merged into this article or section. ... This article is about the medical term, epileptic seizure, as distinct from a non-epileptic seizure. ...


During a visit, Izzi goes into cardiac arrest, and Tommy is forced to leave the room. Tommy's associate Dr. Lillian Guzetti (Ellen Burstyn) finds him in the hall and tells him that Donovan's tumor is shrinking. Tommy rushes back into Izzi's room with the news, only to find that his wife cannot be resuscitated. At Izzi's funeral, Tommy tells Guzetti, "Death is a disease, like any other. And there is a cure. And I will find it." Ellen Burstyn (born December 7, 1932 as Edna Rae Gillooly in Detroit, Michigan) is an Academy Award-winning American actress. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: First Aid/CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency first aid procedure for a victim of cardiac arrest. ...

The conquistador

In 16th century Spain, Grand Inquisitor Silecio (Stephen McHattie) demonizes the Spanish Queen Queen Isabella (Weisz) as a heretic. He slowly acquires territories as part of his plan to take Spain from her, killing her followers along the way. Tomas (Jackman), a conquistador in the service of Isabella, plots to assassinate Silecio, only to be stopped by a subordinate, Captain Ariel, who comes bearing an urgent message from the Queen. Returning to Isabella's court, Tomas is given the mission of finding the Tree of Life. The tree's location is revealed on a hidden map displayed by a Maya dagger stolen by Father Avila (Mark Margolis), whose Franciscan order backs the Queen. Grand Inquisitor (Latin: Inquisitor Generalis) is the lead official of an Inquisition. ... McHattie as Romulan Senator Vreenak in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode In the Pale Moonlight. Stephen McHattie Smith (born February 3, 1947 in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada) is a Canadian actor. ... Image:Isabel of Portugal (Karl V.).jpg Isabel of Portugal, Queen of Spain and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, by Titian. ... A world tree depicted on the sarcophogus lid of the Classic-era Maya ruler of Palenque, Pacal II World trees are a prevalent motif occurring in the mythical cosmologies, creation accounts and iconographies of the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica. ... Mark Margolis (born 1939 in Pennsylvania) is an Greek-American actor, who has been making movies since 1976. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ...


Tomas journeys to the New World with Avila and fellow conquistadors to find the tree. As the search drags on and the hardships of the quest multiply, the men mutiny; Tomas restores order by killing the ringleaders as Avila reveals that they have, in fact, arrived at their destination. As Tomas approaches the Maya pyramid atop which the tree grows, Maya warriors attack the conquistadors. Tomas's last two men are killed fleeing the battle. Tomas is spared by the warriors, who force him to climb the pyramid. When Tomas reaches the temple at the top, he is stabbed in the abdomen by a Maya priest. Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ...

The astronaut

The astronaut Tom (Jackman) travels toward a golden nebula in an ecospheric spacecraft, which also houses a living tree. Tom meditates and practices tai chi, but is haunted by visions of Izzi. He focuses on reaching the nebula, assuring the tree that it will be reborn on arrival. Despite his assurance, the tree dies. Izzi haunts Tom in a vision and encourages him to finish writing her book, The Fountain. Tom faces his fear of death and accepts dying, allowing him to finally write the book's ending. Tai Chi Chuan or Taijiquan (from Chinese 太极拳 Tàijíquán, literally supreme ultimate fist), commonly known as Tai Chi or Taiji, is a nei chia (internal) Chinese martial art which is known for the claims of health and longevity benefits made by its...

Resolution

Instead of killing Tomas, the priest identifies Tomas as First Father, the deity who sacrificed himself to create the world. The priest in turn presents himself as a sacrifice, and Tomas slits his throat. Passing through a doorway, the conquistador finds the Tree of Life and extracts sap to apply to his abdominal wound. Seeing the wound heal, he drinks the sap, only to collapse with leaves and flowers bursting from his body, burying him beside the tree. The future Tom is then shown passing into the heart of the nebula and entering Xibalba at peace with the thought of his imminent death, as the star explodes and the tree blooms once more. The present day Tommy is seen planting a tree seed over Izzi's grave.


Development

In 1999, Darren Aronofsky and actor Jared Leto saw The Matrix together. Aronofsky said he had mused after seeing the film, "What kind of science fiction movie can people make now?" Aronofsky began to consider new ideas for a science fiction film with his friend from college, Ari Handel.[1] In April 2001, Aronofsky entered negotiations with Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow to direct an untitled sci-fi epic with actor Brad Pitt in the lead role.[2] Aronofsky's previous film, Requiem for a Dream, had been screened for Pitt, and the preliminary script for The Fountain persuaded the actor to join the project.[3] Aronofsky had been writing the film with Handel. The director said the film would explore new territory similar to how Star Wars, 2001: A Space Odyssey, and The Matrix had redefined the genre. Aronofsky wanted to go beyond typical science fiction films that were plot-driven by technology and science. "We've seen it all. It's not really interesting to audiences anymore. The interesting things are the ideas; the search for God, the search for meaning," said Aronofsky. The director said that the film would be "the most ambitious thing I've done to date and the biggest challenge".[2] Jared Joseph Leto (born December 26, 1971) is an American actor and musician. ... The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by Larry and Andy Wachowski and starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano and Hugo Weaving. ... Warner Bros. ... Logo of Village Roadshow Village Roadshow ASX: VRL is an Australian media company with interests in cinema, theme parks, film production and distribution. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The epic film is a film genre typically featuring expensive production values and dramatic themes. ... William Bradley Brad Pitt(born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. ... Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 film adaptation of a 1978 novel of the same name. ... Star Wars is an epic science fantasy saga and fictional universe created by George Lucas during the late 1970s. ...


Aronofsky was influenced by the accounts of Uruguayan journalist Eduardo Galeano, who wrote examples of myth from an indigenous perspective,[4] particularly Galeano's Genesis trilogy.[3] The film Once Upon a Time in America also served as an influence in Aronofsky's writing of The Fountain.[5] The director traveled with a crew to Central America to consult with Mayan experts like Moises Morales Marquez and to explore the ruins of Palenque. The group also made a visit to Tikal, a jungle location that had been featured in the original Star Wars.[1] To design a rainforest set, the films Aguirre, the Wrath of God and The Holy Mountain were screened for the crew for inspiration.[6] In June 2001, actress Cate Blanchett entered talks to join Aronofsky's project.[7] Aronofsky, who wanted the film's actual title to be a secret, gave the project the working title of The Last Man.[8] Production was postponed to improve the script and wait for Blanchett, pregnant at the time of signing on board, to give birth to her child that December. The start date for production was tentatively set to begin in summer 2002.[9] Eduardo Galeano. ... The term indigenous peoples has no universal, standard or fixed definition, but can be used about any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. ... Once Upon a Time in America (Italian title Cera una volta in America) (1984) is the last film by director Sergio Leone, and features Robert De Niro and James Woods as Jewish ghetto youths who rise to prominence in New York Citys world of organized crime. ... The Palace, Ruins of Palenque Palenque is a Maya archeological site near the Usumacinta River in the Mexican state of Chiapas, located at about 130 km south of Ciudad del Carmen (see map). ... Tikal (or Tik’al, according to the more current orthography) is the largest of the ancient ruined cities of the Maya civilization. ... The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia. ... For other uses, see Aguirre (disambiguation). ... La montaña sagrada (The Holy Mountain, reissued as The Sacred Mountain) is a 1973 cult film directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky who also participated as actor, composer, set designer, and costume designer. ... Catherine Élise Blanchett (born on May 14, 1969) is an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award-winning Australian actress. ... This article is about the term working title. ...


In June 2002, Warner Bros. met with Aronofsky and producer Eric Watson, expressing concerns over an escalating budget and threatening to cease the project unless a co-financier was found. Watson petitioned independent production companies for support and was able to enlist Regency Enterprises for assistance.[3] Production was ultimately set for late October 2002 in Queensland and Sydney, Australia. The film, officially titled The Fountain, was greenlit with a budget of $70 million, co-financed by Warner Bros. and New Regency, who had filled the gap after Village Roadshow's withdrawal from the project. Actress Ellen Burstyn, who starred in Aronofsky's Requiem for a Dream, had also been cast alongside Pitt and Blanchett.[10] Preparation for production of The Fountain cost $18 million.[11] Abruptly, Pitt, whose requested script revisions to the screenplay were not met, left the project seven weeks prior to the first day of shooting.[1] The actor went on to star as Achilles in director Wolfgang Petersen's Troy.[12] With the studio threatening to shut down the project, Aronofsky overnighted the script for The Fountain to actor Russell Crowe as a potential replacement for Pitt. However, Crowe, worn from recently completing Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, declined the offer.[3] In September 2002, Jeff Robinov, President of Production at Warner Bros. Pictures, announced that The Fountain would cease production,[12] with Blanchett receiving compensation for her time and the Australian crew being fired from the halted project.[3] Sets built for the production of the film, including a 10-story Aztec temple, were eventually auctioned off, in addition to props and other items.[13] Pitt said that he was disappointed to leave and added, "I remain encouraged that The Fountain will yet have its day."[12] Regency Enterprises was formed in the early 80s. ... Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Peter Beattie (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 28  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $158,506 (3rd)  - Product per capita  $40,170/person (6th) Population (End of November 2006)  - Population  4,164,590 (3rd)  - Density  2. ... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4. ... New Regency Productions is a production company founded in 1991 by Arnon Milchan. ... Ellen Burstyn (born December 7, 1932 as Edna Rae Gillooly in Detroit, Michigan) is an Academy Award-winning American actress. ... The Wrath of Achilles, by François-Léon Benouville (1821–1859) (Musée Fabre) In Greek mythology, Achilles (also Akhilleus or Achilleus) (Ancient Greek: ) was a hero of the Trojan War, the central character and greatest warrior of Homers Iliad, which takes for its theme, not the War... Wolfgang Petersen Wolfgang Petersen (born March 14, 1941 in Emden, Lower Saxony, Germany) is a German film director. ... Troy is an Oscar-nominated movie released on May 14, 2004 about the Trojan War, as described in Homers Iliad, Virgils Aeneid, and other Greek myths. ... Russell Ira Crowe (born April 7, 1964) is a New Zealand-Australian[1] actor. ... Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World is a 2003 film directed by Peter Weir and starring Russell Crowe as Jack Aubrey, with Paul Bettany as Stephen Maturin. ...


Production

The conquistador (Jackman) is carried by Mayan warriors

In February 2004, Warner Bros. resurrected Aronofsky's project and began to court actor Hugh Jackman to replace Pitt in the lead role. The film received a second greenlight with a budget of $35 million, in part due to the director's willingness to leave costly set pieces out of the screenplay.[14] In August, actress Rachel Weisz joined Hugh Jackman for the project, filling the vacancy left by Blanchett. The Fountain was set to begin production in November 2004.[15] By March 2005, filming was underway at a sound stage in Montreal,[16] and lasted for 61 days.[3] The film's locations, with the exception of scenes filmed at a museum and at a farmhouse, were built on the Montreal sound stage.[17] Aronofsky, influenced by Bernal Díaz del Castillo's The Conquest of New Spain, applied the narrative in writing the film's conquistador scenes.[18] 70 extras were cast as Maya warriors, and 20 of the extras were actually Mayan, flown in from Guatemala. An actual Maya spiritual leader was cast as the Maya spiritual leader in the film.[16] To create a death scene, Aronofsky drew from Maya mythology the description of when valiant warriors die, flowers and butterflies emerge from their bodies. Aronofsky excluded butterflies from the death scene to minimize the film's computer-generated imagery but kept the effect of flowers bursting from the body.[19] Image File history File links Fountain_conquistador. ... Image File history File links Fountain_conquistador. ... Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian film producer, and film, television and stage actor, known for playing Wolverine in X-Men and its sequels, and for his Tony Award-winning performance on Broadway in The Boy from Oz. ... Rachel Weisz (born March 7, 1971) is an Academy Award-winning English film and television actress. ... A sound stage is a hangar-like structure, building or room, that is soundproof for the production of theatrical motion pictures and television, usually inside a movie studio. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 or 1493 - 1581) was a conquistador, who wrote an eyewitness account of the conquest of Mexico under Hernán Cortés. ... The Conquest of New Spain is the first person conquistador narrative of Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 or 1493 - 1581), a 16th century soldier, settler and conqueror who served with Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, Juan de Grijalva and Hernán Cortés in Mexico and Yucatan, and...


In The Fountain, the Tree of Life was a central design and part of the film's three periods. The tree was based on Kabbalah's Sefirot, which depicts a "map" of Creation to understand the nature of God and how he created the world ex nihilo (out of nothing). The Sefirot Tree, being two to three hundred feet tall in lore, had to be resized for The Fountain to fit in the camera's frame.[19] Pieces of driftwood and pieces from real trees in Canada were collected for the tree's branches and roots, and sculpted molds of the pieces were applied to a steel frame to create the tree's body.[20] According to production designer James Chinlund, the tree, part of an enormous set surrounded by green screens, and other sets presented difficult logistical problems due to the small budget provided for the resurrected project. The tree set itself had been a collaboration between Chinlund, Aronofsky, and cinematographer Matthew Libatique to create the appropriate design, particularly the palette in comparison to the biospheric ship that carries the tree in the astronaut period.[21] Aronofsky described the astronaut period as a homage to David Bowie's "Space Oddity"; the protagonist's name "Tom" originating from the Major Tom of the popular song.[18] Co-writer Ari Handel researched biospherics, such as the failed Biosphere 2, to help design the ship that carried the protagonist and the tree through space.[21] With respect to the glass-sphered ship's design, Aronofsky argued, "There is no reason a spaceship would be built like a giant truck in space."[6] This article is about traditional Jewish Kabbalah. ... Category:Sephiroth      Main article: Sephirot (Kabbalah) Tree of life is a mystical concept within the Kabbalah of Judaism which is used to understand the nature of God and the manner in which He created the world ex nihilo (out of nothing). ... Creation (theology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Ex nihilo is a Latin term meaning out of nothing. It is often used in conjunction with the term creation, as in creatio ex nihilo, meaning creation out of nothing. Due to the nature of this, the term is often used in philosophical or creationistic arguments, as a number of... The bluescreen setup. ... A Cameraman-Reporter during a MINUSTAH mission in 2007 (Photo: Patrick-André Perron A cinematographer is one photographing with a motion picture camera (the art and science of which is known as cinematography). ... Matthew Libatique is the revolutionary cinematographer on such films as Pi, Requiem for a Dream, and The Fountain. ... For a description of the medieval homage ceremony see commendation ceremony Homage is generally used in modern English to mean any public show of respect to someone to whom you feel indebted. ... David Bowie (IPA: []) (born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, actor, multi-instrumentalist, producer, arranger and audio engineer. ... Space Oddity is a song written and performed by David Bowie and released as a single in 1969. ... Major Tom is a fictional astronaut created by David Bowie. ... Biosphere 2 Biosphere 2 is a 3. ...


The Fountain originally received an R rating for "Some violence" from the MPAA. The film was edited by Aronofsky and re-rated PG-13 for "Intense sequences of violent action, some sensuality and language".[22] The MPAA film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a movies suitability for certain audiences. ... The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), originally called the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America, is a non-profit trade association based in the United States which was formed to advance the interests of movie studios. ...


Casting

Director Darren Aronofsky was originally not familiar with Hugh Jackman until the actor was cast as Wolverine in X-Men. The director went to see Jackman perform as Peter Allen in the Broadway musical The Boy from Oz. Impressed with Jackman's performance, Aronofsky met with the actor, who had been looking for "a role that could show a lot of dimension". In addition to Jackman's casting, Aronofsky wrote into the script roles for Ellen Burstyn and Mark Margolis, who had appeared in the director's previous film, Requiem for a Dream.[18] Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... For other uses, see Wolverine (disambiguation). ... X-Men is a 2000 American action film, featuring a group of comic book superheroes called the X-Men. ... Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in history Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, spoken dialogue and dance. ... The Boy From Oz is a musical featuring the life of singer/songwriter Peter Allen. ... Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 film adaptation of a 1978 novel of the same name. ...

"It is the hardest job I've worked and by far the most satisfying. Darren wants blood. As a director, he is very much inside my head."
— Hugh Jackman on his experience filming The Fountain[16]

Jackman researched and prepared for his role by practicing tai chi.[23] Jackman took 14 months to achieve the lotus position, which is seen in the film. Jackman also watched a woman undergo brain tumor surgery and had been shaken to see the woman have similar blond hair to his wife: "All I could think of was my wife on that table. As much as I'd read the script and theorized and practiced philosophy, I knew in that moment that I was so not ready for death."[24] The actor portrayed his various characters in The Fountain by physically acting differently for each persona. As the conquistador, Jackman was upright and forward-leaning to evoke an unstoppable nature. As the scientist, the actor hunched over with a dedicated focus on his character's work, being weighed down by the "world on his shoulders". As the astronaut, Jackman practiced the state of zen but also exhibited a continued persistence in his endeavour.[23] The Chen style (陈氏) is the oldest and parent form of the five main Tai Chi Chuan family styles. ... Kodo Sawaki in lotus position practices meditation in Zen The first pictorial representation of the lotus position is seen in the ancient Indian depiction of Shiva as Pashupati, Lord of Beasts, in Harappa The lotus position (Sanskrit: Padmasanam -- lotus posture) is a cross-legged sitting posture which originated in representations... A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either found in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland... Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism notable for its emphasis on practice and experiential wisdom—particularly as realized in the form of meditation known as zazen—in the attainment of awakening. ...


Jackman suggested to Darren Aronofsky the possibility of casting Rachel Weisz as his protagonist's wife. The director, who was in a relationship with the actress and living with her, had previously hesitated to show the studio signs of favoritism in casting Weisz. With Jackman's earnest recommendation, the actress was cast as Isabel.[25] Weisz prepared for her role by reading books and first-person accounts about people who had terminal illnesses.[23] The actress also went to hospitals to visit young people who were dying and under hospice care. "There were a few days where I was in the headspace where I could say: 'I could go now'," said Weisz.[26] This article is about incurable disease. ... Palliative care (from Latin palliare, to cloak) is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of disease symptoms or slowing the diseases progress, rather than providing a cure. ...


Visual effects

Jeremy Dawson and Dan Schrecker, who had provided visual effects for Darren Aronofsky's π and Requiem for a Dream, returned to The Fountain to help the director with the film's effects. The pair were assigned with the task of creating as little computer-generated imagery as possible, a difficult task with a third of the film taking place in deep space. Aronofsky chose to avoid effects that would make the film look dated in several decades but instead hold up as well as a film like 2001: A Space Odyssey. Dawson said, "Using CG is really the easy route because it's so prevalent and the tools are great. What it did was really force us to come up with creative solutions to solve a lot of our problems." One creative solution was uncovering Peter Parks, a specialist in macro photography, who had retrieved deep-sea microorganisms and photographed them in 3-D under partial funding from the Bahamas government. Parks brewed chemicals and bacteria together to create reactions of which Schrecker and Dawson shot 20,000 feet worth of film in the course of eight weeks for The Fountain.[21] To create the effects, Peter Parks had taken advantage of fluid dynamics, which affected the behavior of the substances that he photographed. "When these images are projected on a big screen, you feel like you're looking at infinity. That's because the same forces at work in the water—gravitational effects, settlement, refractive indices—are happening in outer space," Parks said. The specialist's talent convinced the film's creative department to go beyond computer-generated imagery and follow Parks' lead. Instead of millions of dollars for a single special effects sequence, Parks generated all the footage for the film for just $140,000.[1] Ï€ (or Pi) is a 1998 American psychological thriller directed by Darren Aronofsky. ... Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 film adaptation of a 1978 novel of the same name. ... Computer-generated imagery (commonly abbreviated as CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects in films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally, and printed media. ... Soda bubbles in a glass — a macro photograph. ... A cluster of Escherichia coli bacteria magnified 10,000 times. ... In film, the term 3-D (or 3D) is used to describe any visual presentation system that attempts to maintain or recreate moving images of the third dimension, the illusion of depth as seen by the viewer. ... Fluid dynamics is the sub-discipline of fluid mechanics dealing with fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. ...


The visual effects company Look Effects worked on 87 shots for The Fountain that included major set extensions, digital mattes, image enhancement, face replacement and blemish removal, as well as animating key elements to the film's story. Henrik Fett, the visual effects supervisor of Look Effects, said, "Darren was quite clear on what he wanted and his intent to greatly minimize the use of computer graphics... [and] I think the results are outstanding."[27] Mattes are used in photography and filmmaking to insert part of a foreground image onto a background image, which is often a matte painting, a background filmed by the second unit, or computer generated imagery. ...


Musical score

Clint Mansell, the composer for Aronofsky's previous films, π and Requiem for a Dream, reprised his role as composer for The Fountain. The San Francisco-based string quartet Kronos Quartet, who had previously performed for the Requiem for a Dream soundtrack, and Scottish post-rock band Mogwai also contributed to the film score.[28] Darren Aronofsky hoped that David Bowie, whose song "Space Oddity" helped influence the film's astronaut period, would record a "third Tom song" as the musical artist worked briefly with composer Clint Mansell during production.[18] The plan was for Bowie to rework pieces of the score and to vocalize them, but this did not go through.[29] Instead, Mansell researched possible scores to tie together the three different time periods that spanned The Fountain. He wanted the overall feel of the score to be organic, and considered implementing orchestral and electronic elements that would have "a real human element to them that breathes".[21] The score was designed concurrently with the film's production instead of during the post-production phase. For the score, Mansell created a mood that flourished as the film progressed. He described the process of composing the music, "It’s instinct and listening to what the film is telling you it needs."[6] Clint Mansell (born Clinton Darryl Mansell, 7 January 1963, in Coventry, England) is a Golden Globe nominated musician and composer. ... Ï€ (or Pi) is a 1998 American psychological thriller directed by Darren Aronofsky. ... Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 film adaptation of a 1978 novel of the same name. ... Kronos Quartet in 2006. ... The term post-rock was coined by Simon Reynolds in issue 123 of The Wire (May 1994) to describe a sort of music using rock instrumentation for non-rock purposes, using guitars as facilitators of timbres and textures rather than riffs and powerchords. ... For the Swiss progressive house producer who releases under the name Moogwai, see Chab. ... David Bowie (IPA: []) (born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, actor, multi-instrumentalist, producer, arranger and audio engineer. ... Space Oddity is a song written and performed by David Bowie and released as a single in 1969. ...


Mansell drew from five to six years of writing material for The Fountain. Initially, the composer intended for the score to be pure percussion when the film was originally meant to be epic in scale. Mansell, lacking classical training, collaborated with an assistant in creating the score. Both had deconstructed the composer's initial pieces for The Fountain and re-played them in a key so the lead melodies could harmonically play with every progression. The song "Together We Will Live Forever" was an electronic piece designed by Mansell to serve as the protagonist's memory theme. Lead singer Antony Hegarty was commissioned to create a vocal piece over "Together We Will Live Forever" for the end credits, but the director decided that the vocals would not be appropriate to end the film. The song was instead redone with pianist Randy Kerber.[29] Percussion instruments are played by being struck, shaken, rubbed or scraped. ... Antony Hegarty (born 1971) is an English singer/songwriter, best known for being the lead singer of the band Antony and the Johnsons. ...


Nonesuch Records, the home of The Fountain musical contributor Kronos Quartet, released the film's musical collaborations between composer Clint Mansell, Kronos Quartet, and Mogwai titled The Fountain: Music from the Motion Picture on November 21, 2006.[30] Nonesuch Records is currently allied with Warner Bros. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Clint Mansell received a nomination for the 2006 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for The Fountain,[31] but lost to Alexandre Desplat for The Painted Veil.[32] Mansell has also received a nomination for the 2006 BFCA Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer, but lost to Phillip Glass for The Illusionist.[33] Mansell won the Chicago Film Critics Association's 2006 award for Best Original Score.[34] For the main article see Golden Globe Awards. ... Alexandre Desplat is a film composer, he most recently scored the music for the movie Firewall, a primarily digital, synthesized soundtrack. ... For other uses, see The Painted Veil. ... The Critics Choice Award for Best Composer is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association. ... Philip Glass looks upon sheet music in a portrait taken by Annie Leibovitz. ... The Illusionist is an Academy Award-nominated 2006 period drama written and directed by Neil Burger and starring Edward Norton, Jessica Biel, and Paul Giamatti. ... The Chicago Film Critics Association is an American film critic association. ...


Themes

The Fountain begins with a paraphrase of Genesis 3:24, the Biblical passage that reflects the fall of man. Hugh Jackman emphasizes the importance of the fall in the film: "The moment Adam and Eve ate of the tree of knowledge, or good and evil, humans started to experience life as we all experience it now, which is life and death, poor and wealthy, pain and pleasure, good and evil. We live in a world of duality. Husband, wife, we relate everything. And much of our lives are spent not wanting to die, be poor, experience pain. It's what the movie's about."[24] Darren Aronofsky had also interpreted the story of Genesis as the definition of mortality for humanity. He inquired of the fall, "If they had drank from the tree of life [instead of the tree of knowledge] what would have separated them from their maker? So what makes us human is actually death. It's what makes us special."[35] Genesis (‎, Greek: Γένεσις, meaning birth, creation, cause, beginning, source or origin) is the first book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. ... In Abrahamic religion, The Fall of Man or The Story of the Fall, or simply The Fall, refers to humanitys transition from a state of innocent bliss to a state of sinful understanding. ... Michelangelos Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

A gold-hued scene in which Tom (Jackman) faces a hallucination of Isabel (Weisz) beside the Tree of Life

The theme of thanatophobia is described by Aronofsky as a "movement from darkness into light, from black to white", tracing the journey of a man scared of death and moving toward it.[36] The theme is highlighted by Aronofsky's use of visual language, such as shooting Jackman's characters in shadows until the story's light-saturated conclusion, while Weisz's characters are awash with light in each period.[37] Along these lines, Aronofsky made use of the color of gold, as gold was the sought-after treasure of the conquistadors. "When you see gold, it represents materialism and wealth and all these things that distract us from the true journey that we’re on," Aronofsky said.[36] The director also used similar geometric constructs in the film to distinguish the three chronological narratives. The 16th century conquistador's tale reflected triangles through pyramids and constellations, the 21st century researcher's period reflected rectangles through doors, windows, and computer screens, and the 26th century contemplative's journey reflected circles and spheres through the spacecraft and stellar bodies.[38] Image File history File links Fountain_tree_of_life. ... Image File history File links Fountain_tree_of_life. ... The Tree-of-Life is a fictional plant (the ancestor of yams, with similar appearance and taste) in Larry Nivens Known Space universe, for which all Hominids have an in-built genetic craving. ... The English suffix -phobia is used to describe fear or hatred (the latter is often ignored) of a particular thing or subject. ... When you create an image to communicate an idea, you are using visual language. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Standard atomic weight 196. ... A triangle. ... In geometry, a rectangle is defined as a quadrilateral where all four of its angles are right angles. ... Circle illustration This article is about the shape and mathematical concept of circle. ... A sphere is a perfectly symmetrical geometrical object. ...


Darren Aronofsky emphasized that the narratives in their time periods and their respective convergences were open to interpretation. The director maintained that the film's intricacy and underlying message is "very much like a Rubik's cube, where you can solve it in several different ways, but ultimately there's only one solution at the end".[39] Critics have observed recurring, mythological references to themes of enlightenment, redemption, the Hindu concept of cycle of birth and death and moksha, the Biblical Tree of Life,[40] the Buddha,[40] and the world-tree Yggdrasil.[41] In the same vein, Jackman views the story as a modern myth that helps people to understand the meaning of life, explains the unexplainable, and fosters understanding. "These fables may not make scientific sense, but somehow they explain the world to us," said Jackman.[42] Reincarnation, literally to be made flesh again, is a doctrine or mystical belief that some essential part of a living being (in some variations only human beings) survives death to be reborn in a new body. ... Moksha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Media:Example. ... This tree from the Viking Age Överhogdal tapestries is believed to show Yggdrasil with Viðópnir. ... The word mythology (from the Greek μυολογία mythología, from mythologein to relate myths, from mythos, meaning a narrative, and logos, meaning speech or argument) literally means the (oral) retelling of myths – stories that a particular culture believes to be true and that use the supernatural to interpret natural events and...


Journalists Victoria Alexander and Robert Butler theorise that Tommy Creo's storyline is a grief-induced hallucination[43] caused by ingesting the bark of the tree.[44] Brian Orndorf describes the visual artifacts of Creo's struggle as "the mental breakdown of a man who is looking for hope in all the wrong places."[45] Strictly fact-based analyses offer the film's central ("real") essence as "the final three days of... two people very believably and relatably in love,",[40] suggesting its abstract and futuristic elements to be non-literal representations akin to "astral projection"[46] or "the psychology of survivor's guilt."[47] A subset of reviewers (Anderson, Brussat) take the Tom-present, Tom-future and Izzy-tree comparisons more directly, asserting that Creo's wife has transformed into[48] or become part of the tree[49], to which Dana Stevens adds "Tommy Creo, the present-day husband and scientist, should never have climbed into that bubble in a centuries-long attempt to defer his wife's death."[50] More middle-of-the-road interpretations posit the notion of three distinct storylines to be "sort of true and yet not true",[40] introducing an in-between possibility wherein the narratives might exist on multiple levels. A hallucination is a sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion, which is a misperception of an external stimulus. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Astral projection (or astral travel) is an interpretation of an out-of-body experience achieved either awake or via lucid dreaming or deep meditation. ... Survivor guilt is a type of remorse felt by people who manage to survive a tragic event involving much loss of life, especially the lives of friends and loved ones or other people commonly associated with the survivor. ...


Marketing

Further information: The Fountain (graphic novel)

When actor Brad Pitt left director Darren Aronofsky's project in 2002, the director preserved the rights to printing a graphic novel similarly titled The Fountain. Aronofsky said, "I knew it was a hard film to make, and I said at least if Hollywood fucks me over at least I'll make a comic book out of it."[51] He shopped the story to Vertigo Comics and was impressed by the illustrations of comic book artist Kent Williams. Aronofsky hired Williams to create the graphic novel for The Fountain based on the script that was originally intended to be used for the project involving Pitt and Cate Blanchett. Ari Handel, co-writer for the film, provided Williams with research, photographs, and images on "Mayans, astronomy, pulsars, and all kinds of cool stuff" to help with the graphic novel's design. Aronofsky gave Williams the freedom to interpret the story as the artist saw fit.[51] Kent Williamss The Fountain graphic novel (ISBN 1-4012-0059-1) The Fountain is a graphic novel illustrated by Kent Williams published in 2005 by Vertigo Comics, based on the script of Darren Aronofskys film The Fountain. ... Trade paperback of Will Eisners A Contract with God (1978), often mistakenly cited as the first graphic novel. ... Kent Williamss The Fountain graphic novel (ISBN 1-4012-0059-1) The Fountain is a graphic novel illustrated by Kent Williams published in 2005 by Vertigo Comics, based on the script of Darren Aronofskys film The Fountain. ... Vertigo logo Vertigo is an imprint of comic book and graphic novel publisher DC Comics. ... A comic book artist at work. ... A cover for Flinch (Vertigo) by Kent Williams Kent Williams is an American painter, illustrator and comic book artist. ...


When production was revived for The Fountain, director Darren Aronofsky and actress Rachel Weisz presented a panel for the film at Comic-Con International in July 2006 in which they screened 10 minutes of the film that received positive reception from the audience.[52] The official website for The Fountain was launched in August 2005.[53] An Internet-only teaser trailer was launched on the website in November 2005.[54] In July 2006, the full-length trailer was launched at Apple.[55] The Fountain originally had a release date of October 13, 2006, but the film was delayed to create a "long-lead campaign" and generate anticipation via word of mouth. The final release date of The Fountain was set for November 22, 2006.[56] Comic-Con International, commonly known as Comic-Con or the San Diego Comic-Con, is an annual multigenre fan convention founded as the Golden State Comic Book Convention and later the San Diego Comic Book Convention in 1970 by Shel Dorf and a group of San Diegans. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Trailer (film). ... Movie trailers are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown; they are commonly known as previews of coming attractions. ... Apple Inc. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Word of mouth, is a reference to the passing of information by verbal means, especially recommendations, but also general information, in an informal, person-to-person manner. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


The content and research agency Ramp Industry launched The Fountain Remixed, an official website driven by user-generated content. Users could download freely provided audio parts from The Fountain's film score, remix the music, and upload the work onto the website to be evaluated by other users.[57] User-generated content (UGC), also known as Consumer Generated Media or User-created Content (UCC) [1], refers to various kinds of media content that are produced by end-users, (as opposed to traditional media producers such as professional writers, publishers, journalists, licensed broadcasters and production companies). ... A remix is an alternative version of a song, different from the original version. ...


To further promote his film, Aronofsky sent his screenplay to a group of eleven artists: Phil Hale, Martin Wilner, Jason Shawn Alexander, Kostas Seremetis, Dave Gibbons, Barron Storey, James Jean, Jim Lee, Olivier Bramanti, Seth Fisher, and Bill Sienkiewicz. The director invited them to interpret the screenplay in each one's chosen medium, and the interpretations were initially meant to be available on the website for The Fountain.[58] Darren Aronofsky also published a book in November 2006 based on The Fountain that contains production stills, the original script, original art, and observations by the film's creators.[59] Phil Hale is an American Figurative painter who currently resides in London, England. ... Dave Gibbons (born April 14, 1949) is a British writer and artist of comics. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... James Jean is an award winning illustrator living in Los Angeles. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Fantastic Four/Iron Man: Big in Japan #1 wraparound cover, art by Fisher Seth Fisher (July 22, 1972 - January 30, 2006) was an American comic book artist and penciller. ... Bill Sienkiewicz in Gijón, Spain. ...


Reception

The Fountain was originally scheduled for a late 2005 release but was delayed due to Rachel Weisz's pregnancy, and did not make a showing at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.[60] The film finally held its world premiere at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2006.[61] While several critics booed the film at the festival's press screening, The Fountain received a 10-minute standing ovation at the public screening the following evening.[11] The Fountain was commercially released in 1,472 theaters in the United States on Wednesday, November 22, 2006, a day before Thanksgiving. The film domestically earned $3,768,702 during the opening weekend of November 24. The Fountain earned $10,144,010 in the United States, and as of May 9, 2007, the film has grossed $5,230,215 in foreign sales, making a total of $15,374,225.[62] Rachel Weisz (born March 7, 1971) is an Academy Award-winning English film and television actress. ... Cannes Film Festival logo. ... The Venice Film Festival (it: Mostra Internazionale dArte Cinematografica) is the oldest Film Festival in the World (began in the 1932) and takes place every year in late August/early September on the Lido di Venezia in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, in Venice, Italy. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is an annual one-day holiday to give thanks, traditionally to God, for the things one has at the end of the harvest season. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...


On Rotten Tomatoes, The Fountain has a 51% overall approval out of 180 reviews from critics and a 27% Cream of the Crop approval out of 36 reviews from major news outlets.[63] Leslie Felperin of Variety described the switching between time periods throughout the film as abrupt and considered the visual effects to be similar to a "remake of the wormhole section of '2001: A Space Odyssey,' as produced by makers of instructional videos for beginning yoga students".[64] IGN's Filip Vukcevic described The Fountain as "a film that is not easily accessible", and commended Aronofsky's direction and Jackman's performance to shape the emotional core of the film.[65] Alex Billington declared it as a film that was ahead of its time.[66] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... IGN is a multimedia news and reviews website that focuses heavily on video games. ...


The Fountain won the $25,000 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Feature Film Prize in Science and Technology for its unique approach, and the award was presented at the Hamptons International Film Festival in October 2006.[67] The film was also nominated Satellite Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects in 2006,[68] but lost to Flags of Our Fathers and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, respectively.[69] The Hamptons International Film Festival is a film festival that is held in the Long Island community of East Hampton. ... The Satellite Awards are an annual award given by the International Press Academy. ... Marines raising the US flag on Iwo Jima in a publicity still from Flags of Our Fathers. ...


The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films nominated 2006 Saturn Awards for The Fountain for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Actor (Hugh Jackman), and Best Special Effects,[70] but lost to Children of Men, Brandon Routh (Superman Returns), and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, respectively.[71] The Saturn Award is an award presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films to honor the top works in science fiction, fantasy, and horror in film, television, and home video. ... Children of Men is a 2006 dystopian science fiction film loosely adapted from P.D. James 1992 novel The Children of Men. ... Brandon James Routh (born October 9, 1979) is a very sexy actor and former fashion model. ... Superman Returns is a 2006 superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Superman. ...


DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray

The Fountain was released on DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray in the United States on May 15, 2007. The extras are a six-part featurette gallery about the film's periods and settings and the theatrical trailer.[72] Popular DVD review site IGN notes that "there are serious issues with the 1.85:1 anamorphic transfer" on the DVD version of the film, in particular some scenes are "dark and indistinct", with poor shadow detail and a lack of sharpness throughout. The audio mix fares much better, being "lively with substantial, but tasteful, use of surround activity to immerse the viewer in the environments".[73] Size comparison: A 12 cm Sony DVD+RW and a 19 cm Dixon Ticonderoga pencil. ... HD-DVD disc HD DVD (for High Density Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical media format which is being developed as one standard for high-definition DVD. HD DVD is similar to the competing Blu-ray Disc, which also uses the same CD sized (120 mm diameter) optical data... A blank rewritable Blu-ray disc (a BD-RE) A Blu-ray Disc (also called BD) is a high-density optical disc format for the storage of digital media, including high-definition video. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...


Darren Aronofsky expressed disappointment with the DVD, having been in a long struggle with Warner Bros. as whether he could record a commentary track. He promises to record a downloadable version, and possibly have the film re-released in the Criterion Collection.[74] Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... The Criterion Collection is a joint venture between Janus Films and The Voyager Company that was begun in the mid 1980s for the purpose of releasing authoritative consumer versions of classic and important contemporary films on the laserdisc and DVD formats. ...


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  43. ^ Victoria Alexander. "I've taken the same entheogens many times. But I never cried.", FilmsInReview.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. 
  44. ^ Robert Butler. "Drifting in Murky Waters", Kansas City Star, 2006-11-22. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. 
  45. ^ Brian Orndorf. "Film Review -- 'The Fountain'", Collider.com, 2006-11-21. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. 
  46. ^ J. Hoberman. "Fountain of Shame", Village Voice, 2006-11-21. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. 
  47. ^ "Director Darren Aronofsky: A 'Fountain' Quest Fulfilled", Washington Post, 2006-11-24. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. 
  48. ^ Jeffrey M. Anderson. "Youth or Dare", Combustible Celluloid. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. 
  49. ^ Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat. "Film Review: The Fountain", Spirituality and Practice. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. 
  50. ^ Dana Stevens. "Darren Aronofsky's The Fountain Reviewed", Slate. Retrieved on 2007-01-05. 
  51. ^ a b Jonah Weiland. "Talking "The Fountain" Graphic Novel with Darren Aronofsky and Ari Handel", Comic Book Resources, 2005-04-06. Retrieved on 2006-11-10. 
  52. ^ Quint. "The Fountain panel with Darren Aronofsky and Rachel Weisz", Ain't It Cool News, 2005-07-16. Retrieved on 2006-11-10. 
  53. ^ "The Fountain Flows Online", IGN, 2005-08-08. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. 
  54. ^ Warner Bros. Pictures. "Teaser for The Fountain Flows Online", ComingSoon.net, 2005-11-10. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. 
  55. ^ Warner Bros. Pictures. "New Trailer for Aronofsky's The Fountain!", ComingSoon.net, 2006-07-21. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. 
  56. ^ Stax. "Fountain, Accepted Shift", IGN, 2006-08-01. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. 
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  65. ^ Filip Vukcevic. "The Fountain Review", IGN, 2006-09-15. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. 
  66. ^ Alex Billington. "Top 12 Movies in History That Were Ahead of Their Time", Firstshowing.net, 2007-02-14. Retrieved on 2007-02-15. 
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  74. ^ Peter Sciretta. "Darren Aronofsky Blames Warner Bros For Fountain DVD", /Film, 2007-05-30. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. 

Wired News, online at Wired. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... IGN is a multimedia news and reviews website that focuses heavily on video games. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 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IGN is a multimedia news and reviews website that focuses heavily on video games. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Comic Book Resources logo Comic Book Resources is a website dedicated to the coverage of comic book-related news and discussion. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), originally called the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America, is a non-profit trade association based in the United States which was formed to advance the interests of movie studios. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Screenshot of Aint It Cool News. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) is an organization comprised of journalists who work in the film industry. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) is an organization comprised of journalists who work in the film industry. ... 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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Screenshot of Aint It Cool News. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ... 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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Village Voice is a New York City-based weekly newspaper featuring investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts reviews and events listings for New York City. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... 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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... IGN is a multimedia news and reviews website that focuses heavily on video games. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... IGN is a multimedia news and reviews website that focuses heavily on video games. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Venice Film Festival (it: Mostra Internazionale dArte Cinematografica) is the oldest Film Festival in the World (began in the 1932) and takes place every year in late August/early September on the Lido di Venezia in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, in Venice, Italy. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... IGN is a multimedia news and reviews website that focuses heavily on video games. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Insert non-formatted text here{| style=float:right; |- | paul is so hot sophie loves him |- | |} is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... The International Press Academy is the largest entertainment press organization on Earth. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Press Academy is the largest entertainment press organization on Earth. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... IGN is a multimedia news and reviews website that focuses heavily on video games. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

  • Darren Aronofsky (November 2006). The Fountain (Hardcover), Universe. ISBN 0789314959. 

Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
v • d • e
The films of Darren Aronofsky

π (1998) • Requiem for a Dream (2000) • The Fountain (2006) Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian film producer, and film, television and stage actor, known for playing Wolverine in X-Men and its sequels, and for his Tony Award-winning performance on Broadway in The Boy from Oz. ... Rachel Weisz (born March 7, 1971) is an Academy Award-winning English film and television actress. ... Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... A cover for Flinch (Vertigo) by Kent Williams Kent Williams is an American painter, illustrator and comic book artist. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Metacritic is a website that collates reviews of music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and books. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... Ï€ (also known as Pi or Pi - Faith in Chaos) is a 1998 American psychological thriller directed by Darren Aronofsky. ... Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 film adaptation of a 1978 novel of the same name. ...



 

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