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The Golden Age of American animation is a period in American animation history that began with the advent of sound cartoons in 1928, peaked during the mid 1940s, and continued into the 1960s when theatrical animated shorts slowly began losing to the new medium of television animation. Many of the most memorable characters emerged from this period including Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Popeye, Betty Boop, Woody Woodpecker, Tom and Jerry, Droopy Dog and an incredibly popular adaptation of Superman. Feature length animation also began during this period, most notably with Walt Disney's first films: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo and Bambi. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Shortcut: WP:NPOVD Articles that have been linked to this page are the subject of an NPOV dispute (NPOV stands for Neutral Point Of View; see below). ... Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these 6 frames. ... An animated cartoon is a short, hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn) film for the cinema, television or computer screen, featuring some kind of story or plot (even if it is a very short one). ... Mickey Mouse is an Academy Award-winning comic animal cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. ... Donald Duck is an animated cartoon and comic-book character from Walt Disney Productions. ... This article is about the Disney character. ... Bugs Bunny is an animated hare who appears in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated films produced by Warner Bros. ... Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. ... Porky Pig is an Academy Award-nominated animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. ... For other uses, see Popeye (disambiguation). ... Betty Boop from the opening title sequence of the earliest entries in the Betty Boop Cartoons Betty Boop is an animated cartoon character appearing in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop series of films produced by Max Fleischer and released by Paramount Pictures. ... Woody Woodpecker, from the opening title sequence for the 1951 short Puny Express. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A standard Droopy opening title card from the early 1950s. ... Superman is a fictional character and comic book superhero , originally created by American writer Jerry Siegel and Canadian artist Joe Shuster and published by DC Comics. ... For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is the first animated feature in the Disney animated features canon. ... For other uses, see Pinocchio (disambiguation). ... Fantasia is a 1940 motion picture, produced by Walt Disney and first released on November 13, 1940 in the United States. ... Dumbo is a 1941 animated feature film produced by Walt Disney and first released on October 23, 1941 by RKO Radio Pictures. ... Bambi is a 1942 animated feature produced by Walt Disney and originally released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on August 13, 1942. ...

// Early examples of attempts to capture the phenomenon of motion into a still drawing can be found in paleolithic cave paintings, where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to convey the perception of motion. ... Felix Woos Whoopee (1930) File links The following pages link to this file: Felix the Cat ... Felix the Cat in Felix Woos Whoopee (1930). ... // From the big screen to the small screen Cartoons were never just for children. ... Modern animation of the United States describes the history of animation in the United States of America from the late 1980s to the start of the 21st century. ...

The early years

The motion picture industry was revolutionized by the introduction of sound film, and within two years this innovation spread to animation. Although the first cartoon to use synchronized sound was Max Fleischer's My Old Kentucky Home in 1926, Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie (1928), the third theatrical appearance of Mickey Mouse, is often cited as the first sound cartoon due to its success and popularity. Although considered an enormous financial gamble, Steamboat Willie was a box-office success, drawing in crowds and sparking Disney's rise to fame. 1902 poster advertising Gaumonts sound films, depicting an optimistically vast auditorium A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. ... Max Fleischer (July 19, 1883–September 11, 1972) was an important pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon. ... My Old Kentucky Home, originally released on April 13, 1926, by Max Fleischers Out of the Inkwell Films company, was one of the Song Car-Tunes series. ... For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... Steamboat Willie (1928) is an animated cartoon featuring Mickey Mouse released on November 18, 1928. ... Mickey Mouse is an Academy Award-winning comic animal cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. ...

Disney’s influence

After Steamboat Willie was released, Disney had gained huge dominance in the animation field by using sound in his future cartoons as well. During the early 1930s, animation seemed to be divided into two factions: Walt Disney and "everyone else." Mickey Mouse's popularity put the animated character into the ranks of the most popular screen personalities in the world (ranking alongside Charlie Chaplin), and for a while it seemed that everything Disney touched was successful. Merchandising based on Disney cartoons rescued a number of companies from bankruptcy during the depths of the Depression, and Disney took advantage of this popularity to move forward with further innovations in animation. Disney is responsible for the development of the three-strip Technicolor process in motion pictures (the Technicolor company worked with Disney to perfect the process), and the first full-color theatrical cartoon was a Disney short, Flowers and Trees (1932); after this cartoon was a success, Disney also had gained a three-year deal with Techincolor and made it so all future Silly Symphonies cartoons- which weren't very successful prior to this cartoon- were put in three-strip Technicolor, and also made it so no other animator could use three-strip Technicolor during the duration of the contract [1]. Disney also developed the idea of lifelike realism in animation to a degree that has rarely been surpassed since his time. Continuing emphasis on story development and characterization resulted in yet another smash hit for Disney: Three Little Pigs (1933), which is seen as the first cartoon in which multiple characters displayed unique, individual personalities; the cartoon is still considered to be the most successful animated short of all time [2], and also featured the hit song that became the anthem in fighting The Great Depression "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf"[3]. The cartoon was even so successful that Walt Disney's three-year contract with Technicolor was extended to five years [4]. In 1937, Disney was the first to use advanced multi-plane camera shots in his Silly Symphony cartoon The Old Mill [5]. Much of Disney's work was heavily influenced by European stories and myths, and the work of illustrators such as Doré and Busch. Charles Chaplin redirects here. ... Logo celebrating Technicolors 90th Anniversary Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation (a subsidiary of Technicolor, Inc. ... Flowers and Trees was the first animated cartoon to be produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process. ... Three Little Pigs is an animated short film released on May 27, 1933 by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Burton Gillett. ... The Old Mill is a 1937 Silly Symphonies cartoon produced by Walt Disney, directed by Wilfred Jackson, and released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on November 5, 1937. ... Doré photographed by Felix Nadar. ... Works (with the year of publication) 1864 Bilderpossen 1865 Max and Moritz 1866 Schnaken und Schnurren 1867 Hans Huckebein der Unglücksrabe 1868 Schnaken und Schnurren, part II 1869 Schnurrdiburr oder die Bienen Braun 1870 Der heilige Antonius von Padua 1872 Schnaken und Schnurren, part III 1872 Die fromme Helene...

Disney had competitors, though none were able to topple his studio from the throne of animation until the 1940s. Disney's greatest competitor during the silent era, the Pat Sullivan studio, faced its downfall after an uninspired attempt at bringing Felix the Cat into the sound medium. Without another star power competitor for Mickey, this downfall was also a big break for Disney, as Mickey's popularity would afterwards skyrocket throughout the early 1930's.[6]. In addition, Disney was able to make Mickey more appealing among theater audiences by colorizing and partially redesigning him in 1935 [7]. Mickey was later redesigned again when the production of the Sorcerer's Apprentice segment for Fantasia began in 1938, and was regarded as Mickey's most appealing design[8]. Born Patrick OSullivan, Patrick Sullivan (February 2, 1887, Sydney, New South Wales – 15 February 1933, United States) was an Australian film producer, best known for producing the first Felix the Cat silent cartoons. ... This article is about the cartoon character. ...

At first, Mickey was drawn by Disney's long-time partner and friend Ub Iwerks, who was also a technical innovator in cartoons, and drew an average of 600 drawings for Disney on a daily basis [9]; Disney was responsible for the ideas in the cartoons, and Iwerks was responsible for bringing them to life[10]. However, Iwerks left the Disney studio in 1930 to form his own company, which was financially backed by Celebrity Pictures owner Pat Powers[11]. After his departure, Disney eventually found a number of different animators to replace Iwerks. Iwerks would produce three cartoon series during the 1930s: Flip the Frog and Willie Whopper for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and the ComiColor Cartoons for Pat Powers' Celebrity Productions. However, none of these cartoons could come close to matching the success of Disney or Fleischer cartoons, and in 1933, MGM-Iwerks' cartoon distributor since 1930- ended distribution of his cartoons in favor of distributing Harman and Ising cartoons, and Iwerks left after his contract expired in 1934 [12]. After his stay with MGM, Iwerks' cartoons were distributed by Celebrity Pictures, and Iwerks would answer to Disney's use of Technicolor and create the Comicolor series, which aired cartoons in two-strip Cinecolor[13]. However, by 1936, the Iwerks Studio would lose a lot of money and would close after Pat Powers withdrew financial aid to the studio as well [14]. Flip the Frog and his girlfriend. ... Willie Whopper opening title Willie Whopper is an animated cartoon character created by American cartoonist, Ub Iwerks. ... For alternate meanings of MGM, see MGM (disambiguation). ... Poster for the 1936 ComiColor Cartoon, Ali Baba The ComiColor Cartoon series was a series of animated short subjects produced by the Ub Iwerks studio from 1933 to 1936. ... Patrick A. Powers was an Irish-American businessman. ... ...

Fleischer’s influence

One of Disney's main competitors was Max Fleischer, the head of Fleischer Studios, which produced cartoons for Paramount Pictures. Fleischer Studios was a family-owned business, operated by Max Fleischer and his younger brother Dave Fleischer, who supervised the production of the cartoons. The Fleischers continued the innovation and creativity they had developed during the silent film era, and they scored successful hits with the sexy Betty Boop cartoons and the surreal Popeye the Sailor series. Popeye's popularity during the 1930s rivaled Mickey Mouse at times, and Popeye fan clubs sprang up across the country in imitation of Mickey's fan clubs; in 1935, polls showed that Popeye was even more popular than Mickey Mouse [15]. However, during the early 1930s, stricter censorship rules enforced by the new Production Code in 1934 required animation producers to remove bathroom gags and risqué humor. The Fleischers in particular had to tone down the content of their Betty Boop cartoons, which waned in popularity afterwards [16]. The Fleischers also had produced a number of Color Classics cartoons during the mid- and late-1930s- which attempted to emulate Walt Disney's use of color-, but the series was not a success [17]. Despite all this, the Popeye series remained strong. Max Fleischer (July 19, 1883–September 11, 1972) was an important pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon. ... Fleischer Studios, Inc. ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ... David Fleischer (July 14, 1894 – June 25, 1979) was a German-American animator of Jewish ancestry, film director, and film producer, best known as a co-owner of Fleischer Studios with his older brother Max Fleischer as well as uncle to director Richard Fleischer. ... A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... Betty Boop from the opening title sequence of the earliest entries in the Betty Boop Cartoons Betty Boop is an animated cartoon character appearing in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop series of films produced by Max Fleischer and released by Paramount Pictures. ... Popeye from an opening still from one of his cartoon shorts, with his characteristic corncob pipe and single good eye. ... The Production Code (also known as the Hays Code) was a set of industry guidelines governing the production of American motion pictures. ... Color Classics was an animated short subjects series produced by Fleischer Studios from 1934 to 1940 as a competitor to Walt Disneys Silly Symphonies. ...

Origins of the Warner Bros. and MGM cartoon studios

Meanwhile, in 1930, former Disney animators Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising began producing a series of Looney Tunes cartoons starring their character Bosko, which were distributed by Warner Bros. by arrangement with Leon Schlesinger Productions. A second Harman-Ising series, Merrie Melodies, followed in 1931. Both series showed the strong influence of the early Disney films. Despite his popularity, Bosko, however, could not match the success of Fleischer Studios and Disney Studios, nor could he gain star power as well. Hugh Harman (1908–1982) and Rudolf Rudy Ising (1903–1992) were animators best known for founding the Warner Bros. ... Hugh Harman (1908–1982) and Rudolf Rudy Ising (1903–1992) were animators best known for founding the Warner Bros. ... Looney Tunes opening title Looney Tunes is a Warner Brothers animated cartoon series which ran in many movie theatres from 1930 to 1969. ... This article is about the Warner Bros. ... “WB” redirects here. ... Leon Schlesinger (1884 - December 25, 1949) was a Jewish producer at the Warner Bros. ... Merrie Melodies end title Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros. ...

After disputes over money, Harman-Ising parted company with Schlesinger in 1933-taking Bosko with them-, and began producing Happy Harmonies cartoons for MGM after that studios contract with Ub Iwerks had run its course in 1934. The Happy Harmonies shorts were also emulative of Disney's works, in particular the Disney Silly Symphonies cartoons, and were in Technicolor as well [18]. At Warner Bros., Schlesinger began his own cartoon operation, hiring Harman-Ising animator Friz Freleng and several others to run the studio. Schlesinger also answered to Disney's use of color in Silly Symphonies cartoons in 1934, and began making all future Merrie Melodies cartoons in color [19]. In 1935, Schlesinger hired a new animation director who proceeded to revitalize the studio: Tex Avery. Avery brought a wacky style of animation to the studio that would increase the Warner Bros. cartoons' popularity in the crowded marketplace. With Avery's influence, Schlesinger's staff would give birth to a new crowd of popular animated cartoons stars: Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny, and many others. Under Avery, Porky Pig would become the first Warner Bros. character to achieve star power, and follow-up characters Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny would also achieve star power [20]. Happy Harmonies Cartoon Featuring Bosko 1934 Happy Harmonies Cartoon Featuring Bosko 1934 Happy Harmonies were a serious of theatrical Technicolor cartoons produced by Hugh Harman & Rudolph Ising for Metro-Goldwyn Mayer from 1934 to 1938. ... A scene from The Skeleton Dance (1929). ... Isadore Friz Freleng (August 21, 1906[1]–May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... Frederick Bean Fred/Tex Avery (February 26, 1908 – August 26, 1980) was an American animator, cartoonist, and director, famous for producing animated cartoons during The Golden Age of Hollywood animation. ... Porky Pig is an Academy Award-nominated animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. ... Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. ... Bugs Bunny is an animated hare who appears in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated films produced by Warner Bros. ...

Meanwhile, Happy Harmonies failed to make a success in the theaters, and by 1937, Happy Harmonies and the cartoon's main character Bosko were cancelled by MGM, and MGM had fired Harman and Ising as the head of the animation department and replaced them with Fred Quimby as well[21]. After Quimby took over, he kept a number of Harman and Ising's staff and created an animated adaption of the comic book series The Captain & The Kids, which was a flop [22]. In 1939, however, Quimby would gain success after cancelling The Captain & the Kids series and rehiring Harman & Ising. After being rehired at MGM, Ising would also create MGM's first studio-originated animated star, Barney Bear [23]. Barney Bear in the opening sequence. ...

Lantz and others

In addition to these studios, a number of other cartoon studios thrived during the 1930s. Another name to the list of Disney's was Walter Lantz, who replaced Charles Mintz as producer of Universal Studios cartoons in 1929. Lantz's main character at this time was Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, whose earlier cartoons had been produced by both Walt Disney and Charles Mintz. In 1935, Lantz made his studio independent from Universal Studios, and Universal Studios was now only the distributors of his cartoons, instead of the direct owners[24]. An Oswald the Lucky Rabbit movie poster from 1927. ... Charles B. Mintz was an American film producer and distributor, who took control over Margaret J. Winklers Winkler Pictures after marrying her in 1924. ...

Mintz, meanwhile, was still in charge of his own cartoon operation producing Krazy Kat cartoons, and a new series featuring a boy named Scrappy, created by Dick Huemer in 1931. Scrappy was a big break for Mintz and was also his most successful creation too, but his studio would suffer from irrepairable damage after Dick Huemer was fired from the Mintz Studio in 1933 as well[25]. In 1934, Mintz, like most other animation studios at the time would attempt to also answer to Disney's use of Technicolor, and began making color cartoons through the Color Rhapsody series [26]; the series was also featured in three-strip Technicolor after Disney's contract with Technicolor, which guaranteed him to be the only animator to use three-strip Technicolor, expired in 1937[27]. However, the series failed to garnish attention, and by 1939, Mintz was largely indebted to Columbia Pictures- who distributed his cartoons since his departure from Universal Pictures in 1929-, and sold his studio to Columbia as a result, and Columbia renamed the studio-which Mintz still managed- as Screen Gems [28]; Mintz also died the following year as well. After losing his Aesop's Film Fables series to the Van Beuren Studio in 1929, Paul Terry established a new studio called Terrytoons. Neither the Van Beuren or Terrytoons cartoons were able to compete with the success of some of the other studios, Disney in particular. In 1934, as other studios were putting cartoons in Technicolor to answer to Disney's use of Technicolor in his Silly Symphonies cartoon series, Van Beuren Studios would abandon it's remaining cartoon and also answer to Disney's use of Technicolor and started creating the Rainbow Parade series, which was all color[29]. However, the series was not a success, and by 1936, RKO Pictures-the owner of the Van Beuren Studio- closed the Van Beuren Studio as RKO chose to instead distribute Disney cartoons as well[30]. Krazy Kat is a comic strip created by George Herriman that appeared in U.S. newspapers between 1913 and 1944. ... Scrappy is a cartoon character created by Dick Huemer for Charles Mintzs Krazy Kat Studio. ... Dick Huemer (January 2, 1898 New York — November 30, 1979 Burbank) was an animater in the Animation Golden Age. ... Aesops Film Fables closing title Aesops Film Fables was a series of animated short subjects, created by American cartoonist, Paul Terry. ... Van Beuren Studios was an animation studio that produced theatrical cartoons from 1928-1936. ... Mighty Mouse, the signature character of the studio. ... Mighty Mouse, the signature character of the studio. ...

Feature-length animation

In 1937, Walt Disney produced Snow White, the first American feature-length animated movie. This was the culmination of two years of effort by Disney studios. Walt Disney was convinced that short cartoons would not keep his studio profitable in the long run, so he took what was—yet again—seen as an enormous gamble. Disney's financial ruin was predicted as a result of Snow White, but his critics were proven wrong. Snow White was a worldwide box office success, and a landmark in the development of animation as a serious art form. Snow White also began the golden years of animation at Disney Studios as well [31]. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 animated feature, the first produced by Walt Disney. ...

However, Disney was not the first animation producer to make an animated cartoon longer than the standard one reel. In 1936, Fleischer Studios produced the first of three two-reel Popeye Technicolor features: Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor (1936), Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves (1937), and Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp (1939). The Fleischer studio relocated from New York to Miami, Florida in 1938-in order to avoid organized unions, which became a threat to the studio after a five month strike occurred among Fleischer Studio workers in late 1937[32]- and there the Fleischers produced an animated feature version of Gulliver's Travels in 1939. A small success, it was followed by Mister Bug Goes to Town in 1941, which was a failure. Shortly after this film failed at the box office, Paramount fired the Fleischers from their own studio, which was now completely owned by Paramount; the facility was renamed Famous Studios and moved back to New York. These two Fleischer features were the only American animated features other than Disney's until 1959, when UPA released 1001 Arabian Nights. Other non-Disney animated features made in America were not released before 1962 with Gay Purr-ee (also by UPA). The avant-garde film Heaven and Earth Magic was released the same year, although not theatrically. Fleischer Studios, Inc. ... For other uses, see Popeye (disambiguation). ... Logo celebrating Technicolors 90th Anniversary Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation (a subsidiary of Technicolor, Inc. ... Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor is a two-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on November 27, 1936 by Paramount Pictures. ... Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Babas Forty Thieves is a two-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on November 26, 1937 by Paramount Pictures. ... Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp is a two-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on April 7, 1939 by Paramount Pictures. ... Miami redirects here. ... First Edition of Gullivers Travels Gullivers Travels (1726, amended 1735), officially Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. ... Mister Bug Goes to Town is an animated feature produced by Fleischer Studios and released to theares by Paramount Pictures on December 4, 1941. ... Famous Studios logo, as seen during the opening credits of a 1950s Popeye the Sailor cartoon. ... Gay-Purree is an animated film musical produced by United Productions of America and released by Warner Bros. ... VHS cover Heaven and Earth Magic (also called Number 12, The Magic Feature, or Heaven and Earth Magic Feature) is an American avant garde feature film made by Harry Everett Smith. ...

As Disney began to concentrate on the production of animated feature films, he did not personally oversee his short cartoons in the manner that he had before. While the Disney short films remained inventive, entertaining, and always featured exquisite animation, the stories began to lag and become predictable. This left an opening for the animators producing cartoons at the Leon Schlesinger studio for release by Warner Bros. The Schlesinger staff produced a series of zany and creative Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons which have influenced animators and other filmmakers for generations afterwards. After Daffy Duck was created in 1937, in the cartoon Porky's Duck Hunt, he would add even more success to Warner Bros cartoons and replaced co-star Porky Pig as the studio's most popular animated character[33]. Bugs Bunny would also and add to studio's success after being created in the successful, as well as Academy Award nominated, cartoon A Wild Hare in 1940, and quickly replaced Daffy as the studio's top star[34]; because of Bugs Bunny, the Schlesinger studio now had risen to new heights, and Bugs quickly also became the star of the color cartoons Merrie Melodies, which had previously been used for one-shot character appearances. Warners' cartoon directors came into their own at this time, and the 1940s cartoons of Friz Freleng, Chuck Jones and Bob Clampett are now considered classics of the genre. By 1942, Warners shorts had surpassed those of Disney in popularity [35]. Termite Terrace is the nickname for the old building in Sunset Boulevard, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA where Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were first created. ... “WB” redirects here. ... Looney Tunes opening title Looney Tunes is a Warner Brothers animated cartoon series which ran in many movie theatres from 1930 to 1969. ... Merrie Melodies end title Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros. ... Porkys Duck Hunt was an animated short directed by Tex Avery that came out on April 17, 1937. ... A Wild Hare (rereleased as The Wild Hare) is a Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies animated short film. ... Isadore Friz Freleng (August 21, 1906[1]–May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... Robert Emerson Bob Clampett (May 8, 1913–May 4, 1984) was an American animator, producer, director, and puppeteer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ...

Sound in animation

While much of the focus in an animated cartoon is on the visuals, the vocal talents and symphonic scores that accompanied the images were also very important to the cartoons' success.

As motion pictures drew audiences away from their radio sets, it also drew talented actors and vocal impressionists into film and animation. Mel Blanc gave voice to many of Warner Bros. most popular characters, including Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig (starting in 1937), and Daffy Duck. Other voices and personalities from vaudeville and the radio era contributed to the popularity of animated films in the Golden Era. Melvin Jerome Blanc (May 30, 1908 – July 10, 1989) was a prolific American voice actor. ... This article is about the musical variety theatre. ...

Cartoons of this era also included scores played by studio orchestras. Carl Stalling at Schlesinger/Warner Bros. and Scott Bradley at MGM composed numerous cartoon soundtracks, creating original material as well as incorporating familiar classical and popular melodies. A studio orchestra is an orchestra run by a movie studio used to produce a film or television soundtrack. ... Carl W. Stalling (November 10, 1892–November 29, 1972) was a noted composer and arranger of music for animated cartoons. ... Scott Bradley (born November 26, 1891 in Russellville, Arkansas, USA; died April 27, 1977 in Chatsworth, California, USA) was an American composer, pianist and conductor. ...

Many of the early cartoons, particularly those of Disney's Silly Symphonies series, were built around classical pieces. These cartoons sometimes featured star characters, but many had simple nature themes. A scene from The Skeleton Dance (1929). ...

The wartime era

After the success of Snow White, Disney invested heavily into three additional animated feature films, all of which have been widely acclaimed as among the greatest animated productions of all time: Pinocchio, Bambi, and Fantasia. However, none of these films were box-office hits that came anywhere near the level of Snow White. Fantasia in particular was looked down upon by literary critics and audiences, who felt that Walt was striving for something beyond his reach by trying to introduce mainstream animation to abstract art, classical music, and "elite" subjects. However, the film would be reevaluated in later years and considered a significant achievement in the art of animation. To compensate for the relative failure of Pinocchio and Fantasia, Disney produced a low-budget feature film, Dumbo, that brought in much-needed revenue and kept his studio afloat. Pinocchio is the second animated feature in the Disney animated features canon. ... Thumper with Bambi (right) Bambi, based on the 1923 book Bambi, A Life in the Woods by Felix Salten, is a Disney cartoon movie that debuted on August 13, 1942. ... Fantasia is a 1940 motion picture, produced by Walt Disney and first released on November 13, 1940 in the United States. ... Dumbo is a 1941 animated feature film produced by Walt Disney and first released on October 23, 1941 by RKO Radio Pictures. ...

Frame of Der Fuehrer's Face

With the advent of the 1940s, two major events evoked change in the status quo of the Hollywood cartoon studios. The first was the entry of the United States into World War II, and the mobilization of all the studios (including their cartoon divisions) to produce propaganda material to bolster public confidence and encourage support for the war effort. The second was the Disney animators' strike of 1941, which severed many ties between Walt Disney and his staff, while encouraging many members of the Disney studio to leave and seek greener pastures. Two Disney animators who left during the strike named Frank Tashlin and John Hubley had also obtained jobs at Screen Gems as well, where Tashlin served as head producer and Hubley served as a director for studio as well[36]; Tashlin helped Screen Gems gain more success, and also maintained his position until Columbia Pictures released him from the studio in favor of Dave Fleischer in 1942[37]. Also, some of these former Disney employees also went on to form UPA, a studio which would have a significant impact on the look of cartoons throughout the 1950s. Other Disney staff members migrated to competing cartoon studios, including MGM, Paramount, and Warner Bros. After the release of Bambi, the golden years in animation at Disney Studios had ended as well[38]. Image File history File links Der_Fuehrers_Face. ... Image File history File links Der_Fuehrers_Face. ... Sheet music for the title song. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses, see Propaganda (disambiguation). ... The bitter animators strike of 1941 at Walt Disney Studios was a psychological turning point within the company. ... United Productions of America, better known as UPA, was an animation studio of the 1940s through 1970s, and a distributor of Japanese films from Toho Studios from the 1970s onward. ...

Tom and Jerry, the MGM animation studio's most important property.

The major Hollywood studios contributed greatly to the war effort, and their cartoon studios pitched in as well with various contributions. Over at the Fleischer studios, Popeye the Sailor joined the Navy and began fighting Nazis and "Japs"; while the Warner Bros. studio produced a series of Private Snafu cartoons especially for viewing by enlisted soldiers. Image File history File links TomandJerryTitleCard2. ... Image File history File links TomandJerryTitleCard2. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Storyboard Image Private Snafu is the title character of a series of black-and-white American instructional cartoon shorts produced between 1943 and 1945 during World War II. The character was created by director Frank Capra, chairman of the U.S. Army Air Force First Motion Picture Unit, and some...

The war was the second of two major blows to shake Walt Disney's empire, as the US Army had seized Disney's studio as soon as the US entered World War II in December of 1941 as well[39]; but while Disney lagged, it didn't fall. Disney contributed to the war effort with propaganda shorts and a feature film entitled Victory Through Air Power . Victory Through Air Power was also a box office failure and the studio lost around $500,000 as a result[40]. The required propaganda cartoon shorts were also not as popular as Disney's regular shorts as well, and by the time the Army ended its stay at Disney Studios when the war ended in 1945, Disney struggled to restart his studio as well, and had a low amount of cash on hand [41]. Further Disney feature films of 1940s were modestly-budgeted collections of animated short films, including Make Mine Music, Fun and Fancy Free, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad Melody Time, and The Three Caballeros. The most ambitious Disney film of this period was Song of the South (1946), a film blending live-action and animation which drew criticism for racial stereotyping in later years. During this era, Mickey's popularity sharply declined as well [42]. However, during this era, Donald Duck's popularity would also remain very high among theater audiences as well[43], and by 1949, he had replaced the fading Mickey Mouse as Disney's most popular character[44]. Victory through Air Power is a 1942 book by Alexander P. de Seversky, and a 1943 Walt Disney animated feature film movie based on the book. ... Make Mine Music is an animated feature produced by Walt Disney and released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on April 20, 1946. ... Fun and Fancy Free (first released on September 27, 1947) is a feature film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures. ... The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ... Melody Time (first released on May 27, 1948) is an animated feature produced by Walt Disney and released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures. ... The Three Caballeros is a 1944 animated feature film, produced by Walt Disney and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. ... Song of the South is a feature film produced by Walt Disney, released on November 12, 1946 by RKO Radio Pictures and based on the Uncle Remus cycle of stories by Joel Chandler Harris. ...

The Schlesinger studio, meanwhile, hit its stride and saw a surge in popularity that would propel its animation studio through the next fifteen to twenty years. These years are seen as the time when Friz Freleng and Bob Clampett reached the peak of their creativity. Clampett in particular brought the six-minute animated cartoon to a level of wild surrealism , directing noted cartoons such as Porky in Wackyland (1938), Tortoise Wins By a Hare (1943), and Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (1943). Isadore Friz Freleng (August 21, 1906[1]–May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... Robert Emerson Bob Clampett (May 8, 1913–May 4, 1984) was an American animator, producer, director, and puppeteer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... Porky in Wackyland is a 1938 animated short film in which Porky Pig goes hunting through a surreal Salvador Dalí-esque landscape to find the Do-Do Bird for a very large bounty. ... Cecil Turtle is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. ... Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (working title: So White and de Sebben Dwarfs) is a Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Bob Clampett, produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions, and released to theatres on January 16, 1943 by Warner Bros. ...

Leon Schlesinger sold his studio outright to Warner Bros. in 1944. In 1946, a dispute with the studio led Clampett to leave Warner Bros. and strike out on his own. He worked as one of the pioneers of children's programming in the newly-born field of television, where he created the popular Time for Beany television show. Time for Beany was a television series, with puppets for characters, which aired circa 1949-1955. ...

A scene from the opening prologue to a Fleischer Studios Superman cartoon. The series was the studio's most successful late period project.

At MGM, directors Will Hanna and Joe Barbera scored a hit with their short film Puss Gets The Boot, which was nominated for an Oscar, and they then set themselves to producing a long-running series of Tom and Jerry cartoons that won accolades for MGM, as well- as a string of Academy Awards that was unmatched by any other studio save Disney; after appearing in Puss Gets the Boot, Tom & Jerry quickly became the stars of MGM cartoons as well [45]. Meanwhile, Tex Avery left Warner Bros. after a dispute with Leon Schleisinger, and he came to MGM and revitalized their cartoon studio with the same spark that had infused the Warner animators. Tex Avery would help bring more success to MGM cartoons by 1943 as well [46]. Between the Tom and Jerry series and Tex Avery's wild, surreal masterpieces of his MGM days (including a saucy, sexy Red Hot Riding Hood series that set new standards for "adult" entertainment in Code-era cartoons), MGM was finally able to compete with Disney (and now Warner Bros.) in the field of animated cartoons. Superman, from the title sequence of the Fleisher Superman cartoons This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Superman, from the title sequence of the Fleisher Superman cartoons This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Fleischer Studios, Inc. ... This image of Superman appeared at the beginning of each of the cartoons. ... hello i am godWilliam Denby Bill Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, cartoon artist, and co-founder, together with Joseph Barbera, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Joseph Roland Joe Barbera (March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator, cartoon artist, storyboard artist, director, producer, and co-founder, together with William Hanna, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Puss Gets the Boot is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on February 10, 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Red Hot Riding Hood is an animated cartoon short subject, directed by Tex Avery and released on May 8, 1943 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. ...

Another thriving studio in the 1940s was the Walter Lantz studio. Since Oswald had worn out his welcome, Lantz and his staff worked on several ideas for possible new cartoon characters (among them Meany, Miny and Moe and Baby-Face Mouse). Eventually one of these characters clicked - his name was Andy Panda[47], who aired in Technicolor. However successful Andy was, it was not until the character's fifth cartoon, Knock Knock that a real breakthrough character was introduced. This was none other than the great Woody Woodpecker, who was originally a supporting character to Andy Panda and would become Lantz's most successful creation ever[48], and like Andy Panda, Woody Woodpecker remained in Technicolor as well. Andy Panda was a series of animated cartoon short subjects produced by Walter Lantz and released by Universal Pictures from 1939 to 1949. ... Knock Knock is a 1940 animated short subject, part of the Andy Panda series, produced and directed by Walter Lantz. ... Woody Woodpecker, from the opening title sequence for the 1951 short Puny Express. ...

The winds of change also blew in the direction of the Fleischer studios, though the results were not as beneficial and inspiring as the events at MGM. In May of 1941, the Fleischers gave Paramount full ownership of the studio as a collateral to pay off their debts left from the loans they obtained from the studio to make unsuccessful cartoons like Stone Age, Gabby, and Color Classics, though they still maintained their positions as heads of their studio's production as well[49]. Paramount also requested letters of resignation for the brothers in order for this acquisition to take place, as the brothers began to drift further apart due to disputes[50] Under Paramount rule, the Fleischers brought Popeye into the Navy and contributed to the war effort, and would also gain more success by beginning a series of spectacular Superman cartoons (the first of which was nominated for an Oscar) that have become legendary in themselves. Despite the success Superman gave the studio, a major blow to the studio would occur as Max and Dave Fleischer were no longer speaking to one another due to their disputes[51]. In 1942, after Mr. Bug Goes Town failed at the box office and Dave Fleischer, still maintaining his position as co-chief of his studio, had left Fleischer Studios to run Columbia Pictures' Screen Gems cartoons, Paramount Pictures suddenly accepted the brother's letters of resignation and expelled the Fleischers from their positions as the head of the cartoon studio [52]. In a move that remains controversial to the present day (though it has not been heavily examined by film historians), Paramount took over the Fleischer studio completely and brought it under the fold of their own studio, renaming it Famous Studios and continuing the work that the Fleischers began, and also discontinued the expensive Superman cartoons. The departure of the Fleischers had an immediate effect on the studio: while the Paramount cartoons of the war years continued to be entertaining and popular, a decline in story quality began that would become more and more evident as the decade came to a close. This image of Superman appeared at the beginning of each of the cartoons. ... Screen Gems is an American subsidiary company of Sony Pictures Entertainments Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group that has served several different purposes for its parent companies over the decades since its incorporation. ...

Stop motion and special effects

For a great part of the history of Hollywood animation, the production of animated films was an exclusive industry that did not branch off very often into other areas. The various animation studios worked almost exclusively on producing animated cartoons and animated titles for movies. Only occasionally was animation used for other aspects of the movie industry. The low-budget Superman serials of the 1940s used animated sequences of Superman flying and performing super-powered feats were used in the place of live-action special effects, but this was not a common practice. Superman is a fictional character and comic book superhero , originally created by American writer Jerry Siegel and Canadian artist Joe Shuster and published by DC Comics. ... Serials in television and radio are series, often in a weekly prime time slot, that rely on a continuing plot that unfolds in a serial fashion, episode by episode. ...

The exclusivity of animation also resulted in the birth of a sister industry that was used almost exclusively for motion picture special effects: stop motion animation. In spite of their similarities, the two genres of stop-motion and hand-drawn animation rarely came together during the Golden Age of Hollywood. Stop-motion animation made a name for itself with the 1933 box-office hit King Kong, where animator Willis O'Brien defined many of the major stop motion techniques used for the next 50 years. The success of King Kong led to a number of other early special effects films, including Mighty Joe Young, which was also animated by O'Brien and helped to start the careers of several animators, including Ray Harryhausen, who came into his own in the 1950s. Stop motion is an animation technique which makes things that are static appear to be moving. ... For other uses, see King Kong (disambiguation). ... Willis OBrien with his Academy Award. ... The original Mighty Joe Young movie poster. ... Ray Harryhausen, with creations from Clash of the Titans. ...

George Pál was the only stop-motion animator to produce a series of stop-motion animated cartoons for theatrical release, the Puppetoon series for Paramount, some of which were animated by Ray Harryhausen. Pál went on to produce several live-action special effects-laden feature films. George Pál in 1979 George Pal (February 1, 1908 – May 2, 1980) (birth name: Györgi Pál Marczincsák) was a Hungarian-born animator and film producer, principally associated with the science fiction genre. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Stop motion animation reached the height of its popularity during the 1950s. The exploding popularity of science fiction films lead to an exponential development in the field of special effects, and George Pál became the producer of several popular special-effects laden films. Meanwhile, Ray Harryhausen's work on such films as Earth vs. the Flying Saucers, The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad, and The Beast From 20,000 Fathoms drew in large crowds and encouraged the development of "realistic" special effects in films. These effects used many of the same techniques as cel animation, but still the two media did not often come together. Stop motion developed to the point where Douglas Trumbull's effects in 2001: A Space Odyssey seemed lifelike to an unearthly degree. Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... DVD Earth vs. ... The 7th Voyage of Sinbad is a 1958 fantasy movie directed by Nathan Juran, and the first of the Sinbad Trilogy, starring Kerwin Matthews as the durable legendary sailor Sinbad. ... The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms is a black and white 1953 science fiction film directed by Eugène Lourié. The films shooting title was Monster from Beneath the Sea. ... Douglas Trumbull (born April 8, 1942) is a film director and special effects supervisor. ...

Hollywood special effects continued to develop in a manner that largely avoided cel animation, though several memorable animated sequences were included in live-action feature films of the era. The most famous of these was a scene during the movie Anchors Aweigh, in which actor Gene Kelly danced with an animated Jerry Mouse (of Tom and Jerry fame). But except for occasional sequences of this sort, the only real integration of cel animation into live-action films came in the development of animated credit and title sequences. Saul Bass' opening sequences for Alfred Hitchcock's films (including Vertigo, North by Northwest, and Psycho) are legendary, and he had several imitators. Original sheet music cover // Anchors Aweigh is the song of the United States Navy, composed in 1906 by Charles A. Zimmerman with lyrics by Alfred Hart Miles. ... For the similarly-named American actress, see Jean Kelly. ... For other uses, see Tom and Jerry. ... Saul Bass (May 8, 1920 - April 25, 1996) was a graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker, but he is best known for his design on animated motion picture title sequences, which is thought of as the best such work ever seen. ... Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE (August 13, 1899 â€“ April 29, 1980) was an iconic and highly influential British-born film director and producer who pioneered many techniques in the suspense and thriller genres. ... For other uses of the word, see Vertigo. ... North by Northwest (1959) is a comic thriller by Alfred Hitchcock produced at MGM. It was premiered in the San Sebastian International Film Festival. ... Psycho is a 1960 suspense/horror film directed by auteur Alfred Hitchcock from the screenplay by Joseph Stefano about a psychotic killer. ...

The 1950s, 1960s and the end of the Golden Age

UPA’s new style

However, all of this activity among the major studios caused them to turn a blind eye to still another development taking place. In 1943, John Hubley left Screen Gems and formed a studio with former Disney animators Stephen Bosustow, David Hilberman, and Zachary Schwartz, who-like Hubley- had left Walt's nest during the animator's strike. The studio Hubley founded was a newer, smaller animation studio that focused on pursuing Hubley's own vision of trying out newer, more abstract and experimental styles of animation [53]. Bosustow, Hilberman, and Schwartz named the new studio as Industrial Film and Poster Service, or IFPS[54]. Artistically, UPA used a style of animation that has come to be known as limited animation. The first short from the newly-formed studio was Hell-Bent for Election (directed by Warners veteran Chuck Jones), a cartoon made for the re-election campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Although this new film was a success, it did not break the boundaries that Hubley and his staffers had hoped. It wasn't until the third short, Bobe Cannon's Brotherhood of Man, that the studio began producing shorts so aggressively stylized in contrast the films of the other studios. Cannon's film even preached a message that, at the time, was looked down upon – racial tolerance. By 1946, the studio was renamed as United Productions of America (UPA), and Hilberman and Schwartz had sold their share of studio stock to Bosustow as well[55]. The phrase turn a blind eye is attributed to Admiral Horatio Nelson. ... Limited animation is a process of making animated cartoons that does not follow a realistic approach. ... Hell-Bent For Election was a 1944 two-reel (thirteen minute) animated cartoon short subject. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... FDR redirects here. ... United Productions of America, better known as UPA, was an animation studio of the 1940s through 1970s, and a distributor of Japanese films from Toho Studios from the 1970s onward. ...

In 1948 UPA also found a home for itself at Columbia Pictures and would begin producing entertainment cartoons for the general public, instead of just using propaganda and military training themes[56]; UPA also earned itself two Academy Award nominations during its first two years in production as well; Columbia was also looking for a new cartoon production company after the unsuccessful cartoon series Screen Gems-which was scarred after Columbia Pictures fired Frank Tashlin in favor of Dave Fleischer in 1942- closed in 1946[57]. From there, the UPA animators began producing a series of cartoons that immediately stood out among the crowded field of mirror-image, copycat cartoons of the other studios. The success of UPA's Mr. Magoo series made all of the other studios sit up and take notice, and when the UPA short Gerald McBoing-Boing won the Oscar, the effect on Hollywood was immediate and electrifying. The UPA style was markedly different from everything else being seen on movie screens, and audiences responded to the change that UPA offered from the repetition of usual cat-mouse battles. Mr Magoo would go on to be the studio's most successful cartoon character[58]. However, UPA would also suffer a major blow after John Hubley was fired from the studio during the McCarthy Era in 1952, due to suspicions of having ties to Communism[59]; Steve Bosustow took over, but was not as successful as Hubley, and the studio was eventually sold to Henry Saperstein as well[60]. Mr. ... A scene from UPA/Columbias Gerald McBoing-Boing. ...

By 1953, UPA had gained great influence among the industry. The Hollywood cartoon studios gradually moved away from the lush, realistic detail of the 1940s to a more simplistic, less realistic style of animation. By this time, even Disney was attempting to mimic UPA. 1953's Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom in particular was an experiment in stylization that followed in the footsteps of the newly-formed studio. Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom was an educational animated short film released by the Walt Disney Company in 1953. ...

Theatricals win awards

Prior to the UPA revolution, both the Warner Bros. and MGM cartoon studios were at the peak of their creativity during the early 1950s. In particular, director Chuck Jones at Warner Bros. turned out a number of classic shorts, among them the popular Road Runner series, Rabbit of Seville (1950),Feed the Kitty (1952), Duck Amuck (1952), What's Opera, Doc? (1957), and the Bugs Bunny vs. Daffy Duck "Hunter's Trilogy" - Rabbit Fire (1951), Rabbit Seasoning (1952), and Duck! Rabbit! Duck! (1953). Duck Amuck and What's Opera, Doc? were considered "culturally significant" by the United States government, and were added to the U.S. National Film Registry. Friz Freleng directed three Oscar-winning cartoons: Speedy Gonzales (1955), Birds Anonymous (1957) and Knighty Knight Bugs (1958). “WB” redirects here. ... MGM logo Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or MGM, is a large media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of cinema and television programs. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... ... The Rabbit of Seville is a Warner Brothers Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon short released in 1950 and directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. ... Feed the Kitty is a Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese where Bulldog Marc Antony adopts small cat Pussyfoot and tries to hide it from his mistress. ... Scene from Duck Amuck Duck Amuck is a surreal 1951 animated cartoon produced by Warner Bros. ... Bugs loses his headgear in Whats Opera, Doc? Whats Opera, Doc? is a short animated cartoon directed by Chuck Jones in which Elmer Fudd chases Bugs Bunny through a six-minute operatic parody of Wagners operas, particularly Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung). ... Bugs Bunny is an animated hare who appears in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated films produced by Warner Bros. ... Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. ... Bugs and Daffy fight over which one of them is in season at the moment, in this scene from Rabbit Fire. ... Rabbit Seasoning is a 1952 Bugs Bunny cartoon. ... Duck! Rabbit! Duck! is a 1953 Merrie Melodies cartoon, directed by Chuck Jones, and starring Bugs Bunny. ... The National Film Registry is the registry of films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress. ... Isadore Friz Freleng (August 21, 1906[1]–May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... // The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award which has been given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as part of the Academy Awards every year since the 5th Academy Awards, covering the year 1931-32, to the present. ... Speedy Gonzales is a 1955 Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Friz Freleng from a story by Warren Foster. ... Birds Anonymous is a 1957 Warner Bros. ... A still from Knighty Knight Bugs. ...

The MGM cartoons of the 1950s also continued to win Oscars. The Tom and Jerry series developed two more Oscar winners -- The Two Mouseketeers (1952) and Johann Mouse (1953). Tex Avery also continued at MGM until 1953, when, after a brief tenure at the Lantz studio, he left the animated shorts business to go into commercial animation. By then, the studio also would find itself with problems with their budgets as well[61]. By 1957, the MGM studio had closed, after MGM decided to reissue the older cartoons instead of making new ones. Another major blow also occurred for Lantz Studios, after the studio moved to United Artists, after contract renewal agreements failed at Universal, and by 1948, the studio closed as well.^[1]. However the studio would reopen in 1950, after Lantz resigned with Universal Pictures, and aired cartoons Lantz and his staff had begun work on prior to the studio's shutdown in 1948 as well, and Lantz's wife Grace Stafford was Woody's new voice^[1]. In 1953, Lantz finally started to make new Woody Woodpecker cartoons once again, which he personally directed, but these shorts weren't really successful and had made Paul J Smith his head director by 1955. By the 1960's, Woody and many other theatrical cartoons (such as Famous Studios, Disney Studios, Terrytoons, and Warner Bros.) also had adapted a new setting, television. MGM logo Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or MGM, is a large media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of cinema and television programs. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Two Mouseketeers is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Tom and Jerry series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on March 15, 1952 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ... Johann Mouse is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Tom and Jerry series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on March 21, 1953 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ...

Later trends

The Paramount cartoon series did not fare as well, however. The Famous Studios cartoons saw a rapid decline in quality in the later half of the 1940s after World War II ended, and the cartoons became more dependent on formulas and violence. By the 1950's the studio had new stars from the Noveltoon series, such as Casper the Friendly Ghost and Herman and Katnip, while even the Popeye the Sailor series lost much of its creativity and originality, and was canceled in 1957. The Paramount cartoons sank to the level of theater time-fillers, and by the time the 1960s began, they were largely forgettable. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Casper the Friendly Ghost is the main character of the Famous Studios theatrical animated cartoon series of the same name. ... Herman and Katnip are a duo of cartoon characters (Herman the mouse and Katnip the cat), who have appeared both separately and together in Famous Studios cartoons from 1943 to 1960. ... Popeye from an opening still from one of his cartoon shorts, with his characteristic corncob pipe and single good eye. ...

In 1946, the animation union of the time negotiated a pay increase on 25%, making the cartoons more expensive to produce on a general basis.

After the 1948 verdict following the United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. case, there was no longer a booking guarantee on the theatres for cartoons from any of the studios, making it a more risky business and because of this less resources were invested in the theatrical shorts, causing a gradual decline. United States v. ...

Screen Gems, Ub Iwerks and Van Beuren and others had already closed their animation studios before 1950, and as already mentioned the same thing happened to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio in 1957.

Disney's animated feature films continued to draw in large crowds through the 1950s. After a series of feature films in the late 1940s that were essentially series of short cartoons strung together, the studio saw a return to the successful formula of adapting fairy tales and children's stories to animation. Disney produced a number of classic films in the 1950s, including Lady and the Tramp, Peter Pan, Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland (which wasn't a success), and Sleeping Beauty, though even Disney found it impossible to reproduce the stunning realism of Fantasia, Pinocchio and Bambi. Cinderella was a big break for Disney, and would also become Disney's most successful film since Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs[62]. Upon building Disneyland, Walt Disney regained a huge amount of popularity among the public[63], and afterwards turn his focus at producing his longest movie Sleeping Beauty. However, the failure of Sleeping Beauty almost bankrupted the studio, resulting in a reduced staff and less money invested in animation projects. In 1960 Disney (soon followed by other studios) replaced traditional hand-inking with Xerography, a technique that resulted in films where the drawings had a "sketchier" look. Films like 101 Dalmations, The Sword in the Stone, and The Jungle Book in the 1960's had that sketchy animation. Lady and the Tramp is a 1955 animated feature film produced by Walt Disney, and originally released to theaters on June 16, 1955 by Buena Vista Distribution. ... Peter Pan is the fourteenth animated feature in the Disney animated features canon. ... Cinderella is a 1950 animated feature produced by Walt Disney, and released to theaters on February 15, 1950 by RKO Radio Pictures. ... Alice in Wonderland is a 1951 animated feature film produced by Walt Disney Productions and originally released to cinemas on July 28, 1951 by RKO Radio Pictures. ... “Princess Aurora” redirects here. ... Fantasia is a 1940 motion picture, produced by Walt Disney and first released on November 13, 1940 in the United States. ... Pinocchio is the second animated feature in the Disney animated features canon. ... Bambi is a 1942 animated feature produced by Walt Disney and originally released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on August 13, 1942. ... This article is about the 1961 film. ... This article is about the animated film. ... The Jungle Book is a 1967 animated feature film, released on October 18th. ...

In general, the trend was fewer theatrical cartoons and more television animated series.

Depatie-Freleng in the 1960s

The 1960s saw some creative sparks in the theatrical film medium, in particular from DePatie-Freleng Enterprises. When the Warner Bros. cartoon department closed in 1964, DFE picked up where it left off. Most of the post-1964 Warner shorts produced by the studio paired Daffy Duck with Speedy Gonzales (a character devised by Robert McKimson for Warner Bros. in 1953) and varied in quality. By far, however, DFE's most successful endeavor was animating the opening titles for the 1964 film, The Pink Panther with Peter Sellers. The film and its animated sequences were so successful that United Artists commissioned the studio to produce a Pink Panther cartoon series. The first short, The Pink Phink won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1964. The studio also produced other successful cartoon series such as The Inspector and The Ant and the Aardvark. Meanwhile, Chuck Jones, who had been fired from Warner Bros., moved to MGM to produce thirty-four theatrical Tom and Jerry cartoons, animated in his distinctive style, but never quite matched the popularity of the Hanna and Barbera originals of the 1940s and 1950s heyday. DePatie-Freleng Enterprises (sometimes abbreviated to DFE) was a Hollywood-based animation production company, active from 1963 to 1981. ... For the Speedy Gonzales song, see Pat Boone. ... Robert Bob McKimson, Sr. ... The Pink Panther, directed by Blake Edwards and co-written by Edwards and Maurice Richlin, is a 1963 comedy film, starring David Niven, Peter Sellers, and Robert Wagner. ... Peter Sellers, CBE (8 September 1925 – 24 July 1980) was a British comedian and actor best known for his three roles in Dr. Strangelove and as Inspector Clouseau in The Pink Panther films. ... This article is about the film studio. ... The Pink Phink, released on December 18, 1964, was the first Pink Panther animated short released by United Artists and produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises. ... // The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award which has been given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as part of the Academy Awards every year since the 5th Academy Awards, covering the year 1931-32, to the present. ... The Inspector and Sgt. ... The Aardvark The Ant The Ant and the Aardvark was a series of theatrical short cartoons produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises from 1969 to 1971, depicting the attempts of an unnamed blue aardvark to catch and eat a red ant named Charlie. ...

Moving to the small screen

Despite strides such as these, the industry began to shift again and the future of the theatrical animated cartoon seemed bleak. The medium of television was beginning to gain more momentum. At the head of this change were the duo William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, the creators of Tom and Jerry. The new Hanna-Barbera studio utilized the limited animation style UPA pioneered as an artistic form. Except now, it was being used largely to shortcut budgets. hello i am godWilliam Denby Bill Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, cartoon artist, and co-founder, together with Joseph Barbera, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Joseph Roland Joe Barbera (March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator, cartoon artist, storyboard artist, director, producer, and co-founder, together with William Hanna, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Limited animation is a process of making animated cartoons that does not follow a realistic approach. ...

With television's growing popularity, there began a decline in moviegoing. To face the competition from TV, the theaters did what they could to reduce their own costs. One way of doing this was booking features only and avoiding the expenses of shorts, which were considered as unnecessary and too expensive. Those few shorts who did find their way to the theaters despite of this, had to be cheap and because of that lacked the quality of their predecessors. The Golden Age was over and the state of American animation was changed forever.

Partial list of noteworthy shorts from the Golden Age of American animation

Walt Disney Productions

• Steamboat Willie (1928), Walt Disney
• Plane Crazy (1928), Walt Disney
• The Skeleton Dance (1929), Walt Disney
• Flowers and Trees (1932), Walt Disney
• Mickeys Revenue (1932), Walt Disney
• The Whoopee Party (1932), Walt Disney
• Three Little Pigs, (1933), Walt Disney
• The Orphan's Benefit (1934), Walt Disney
• The Wise Little Hen (1934), Walt Disney
• The Goddess of Spring (1934), Walt Disney
• The Band Concert (1935), Wilfred Jackson
• Mickey's Service Station (1935), Ben Sharpsteen
• The Old Mill (1937), Walt Disney
• Don Donald (1937), Walt Disney
• Clock Cleaners (1937), Ben Sharpsteen
• Lonesome Ghosts (1937), Ben Sharpsteen
• Brave Little Tailor (1938), Bill Roberts
• Donald's Better Self (1938), Jack King
• Mickey's Trailer (1938), Ben Sharpsteen
• Mr. Duck Steps Out (1940), Jack King
• Der Fuehrer's Face (1942), Jack Kinney
• Education for Death (1943), Clyde Geronomi
• Hockey Homicide (1945), Jack Kinney
• Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom (1953), C. August Nichols and Ward Kimball

Steamboat Willie (1928) is an animated cartoon featuring Mickey Mouse released on November 18, 1928. ... For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... Mickey and Minnie in Plane Crazy (1928) Plane Crazy (1928) (first released on May 15, 1928) was the first animated cartoon to feature Mickey Mouse as well as Minnie Mouse (Mickeys girlfriend). ... The Skeleton Dance is a 1929 Silly Symphonies cartoon produced and directed by Walt Disney and animated by Ub Iwerks. ... Flowers and Trees was the first animated cartoon to be produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process. ... The Whoopee Party was a Mickey Mouse short animated film first released in 1932 on September 17. ... The third pig builds a house of brick The wolf lands in the cooking pot For the Disney animated short film, see Three Little Pigs (film). ... The Orphans Benefit was a cartoon made by Walt Disney starring Mickey Mouse in 1934, in which Mickey and his friends put on a talent show for a group of orphans. ... The Wise Little Hen is a Silly Symphonies cartoon made by Walt Disney, based on the fairy tale The Little Red Hen. ... The Band Concert is a 1935 Walt Disney cartoon in which Mickey Mouse is conductor of an outdoor orchestra. ... Wilfred Jackson (January 24, 1906–August 7, 1988) was an American animator, arranger, composer and director best known for his work on the Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies series of cartoons from The Walt Disney Company. ... The Old Mill is a 1937 Silly Symphonies cartoon produced by Walt Disney, directed by Wilfred Jackson, and released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on November 5, 1937. ... Don Donald (first released on January 9, 1937). ... Clock Cleaners is a Mickey Mouse cartoon released in 1937. ... Lonesome Ghosts is Disney animated cartoon featuring the Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Goofy trio as members of the agency Ajax Ghost Exterminators (often described later as precursors of the Ghostbusters). ... This article is about Walt Disneys adaptation of the fairy tale. ... Donalds Better Self is a Disney cartoon. ... Jack King is a pseudonym for a former top-secret government courier, who was privy to all the ins and outs of covert maneuvering on a global scale. ... Mickeys Trailer is an animated short released may 6th 1938. ... Mr. ... Sheet music for the title song. ... Jack Kinney (March 29, 1909 - February 9, 1992) was an animator, director and producer of animated shorts. ... Education for Death: The Making of the Nazi is an animated short film produced by Walt Disney and released on January 15, 1943 by RKO Radio Pictures. ... Hockey Homicide is a cartoon made by the Walt Disney Company in 1945. ... Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom was an educational animated short film released by the Walt Disney Company in 1953. ... Charles August Nick Nichols (September 1910 - August 1992) is an American animator and film director. ... Firehouse Five Plus Two LP album cover. ...

Warner Bros.

• Sinkin' in the Bathtub (1930), Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising
• Gold Diggers of '49 (1935), Tex Avery
• Porky in Wackyland (1938), Bob Clampett
• You Ought to Be in Pictures (1940), Friz Freleng
• A Wild Hare (1940), Tex Avery
• The Dover Boys (1942), Chuck Jones
• The Ducktators (1942), Norm McCabe
• The Bashful Buzzard (1945), Bob Clampett
• Book Revue (1946), Bob Clampett
• Tweetie Pie (1947), Friz Freleng
• Rabbit of Seville (1950), Chuck Jones
• Rabbit Fire (1951), Chuck Jones
• Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century (1953), Chuck Jones
• Duck Amuck (1953), Chuck Jones
• One Froggy Evening (1955), Chuck Jones
• What's Opera, Doc? (1957), Chuck Jones
• Knighty Knight Bugs (1958), Friz Freleng

Sinkin in the Bathtub is a landmark in animation history as it was the very first Looney Tunes cartoon produced, and launched the Warner Bros. ... Hugh Harman (August 31, 1903 – November 25, 1982) and Rudolf Rudy Ising (August 7, 1903 – July 18, 1992) were an American animator/film director/film producer team best known for founding the Warner Bros. ... Gold Diggers of 49 is a 1935 Warner Brothers theatrical cartoon short in the Looney Tunes series. ... Frederick Bean Fred/Tex Avery (February 26, 1908 – August 26, 1980) was an American animator, cartoonist, and director, famous for producing animated cartoons during The Golden Age of Hollywood animation. ... Porky in Wackyland is a 1938 animated short film in which Porky Pig goes hunting through a surreal Salvador Dalí-esque landscape to find the Do-Do Bird for a very large bounty. ... Robert Emerson Bob Clampett (May 8, 1913–May 4, 1984) was an American animator, producer, director, and puppeteer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... You Ought to Be in Pictures is a 1940 Warner Bros. ... Isadore Friz Freleng (August 21, 1906[1]–May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... A Wild Hare (rereleased as The Wild Hare) is a Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies animated short film. ... The Dover Boys at Pimento University or The Rivals of Roquefort Hall (better known as simply The Dover Boys) is a 1942 Merrie Melodies cartoon produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions and directed by Chuck Jones. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... The Ducktators is a Looney Tunes cartoon that was released in 1942 by Norman McCabe. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Robert Emerson Bob Clampett (May 8, 1913–May 4, 1984) was an American animator, producer, director, and puppeteer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... Book Revue (alternate title: Book Review) was a 1946 Looney Tunes cartoon short featuring Daffy Duck. ... First pairing of Tweety and Sylvester. ... The Rabbit of Seville is a Warner Brothers Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon short released in 1950 and directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. ... Bugs and Daffy fight over which one of them is in season at the moment, in this scene from Rabbit Fire. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... Duck Dodgers is the fictional star of a series of cartoons produced by Warner Bros. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... Scene from Duck Amuck Duck Amuck is a surreal 1951 animated cartoon produced by Warner Bros. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... Michigan J. Frog One Froggy Evening is an approximately seven-minute long Technicolor animated short film written by Michael Maltese and directed by Chuck Jones. ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... Bugs loses his headgear in Whats Opera, Doc? Whats Opera, Doc? is a short animated cartoon directed by Chuck Jones in which Elmer Fudd chases Bugs Bunny through a six-minute operatic parody of Wagners operas, particularly Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung). ... Chuck Jones in 1976 Charles Martin Chuck Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer, and director of animated films, most memorably of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. ... A still from Knighty Knight Bugs. ... Isadore Friz Freleng (August 21, 1906[1]–May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ...

Fleischer Studios/Famous Studios

• I'm Afraid to Come Home in the Dark (1930), Dave Fleischer
• Swing You Sinners! (1930), Dave Fleischer
• Bimbo's Initiation (1931), Dave Fleischer
• Minnie the Moocher (1932), Dave Fleischer
• Snow White (1933), Dave Fleischer
• Popeye the Sailor Meets Sinbad the Sailor (1936), Dave Fleischer
• Goonland (1938), Dave Fleischer
• Superman (1941), Dave Fleischer
• The Raven (1942), Dave Fleischer
• Me Musical Nephews (1942), Seymour Kneitel, Famous Studios
• Spinach Fer Britain (1943), Isadore Sparber, Famous Studios
• Cartoons Ain't Human (1943), Seymour Kneitel, Famous Studios

David Fleischer (July 14, 1894 – June 25, 1979) was a German-American animator of Jewish ancestry, film director, and film producer, best known as a co-owner of Fleischer Studios with his older brother Max Fleischer as well as uncle to director Richard Fleischer. ... Bimbos Initiation is a 1931 Fleischer Studios animated short film starring Bimbo, and features an early version of Betty Boop. ... Cab Calloway and His Orchestra, from the opening credits of Max Fleischers Minnie the Moocher, which included a recording of the titular Calloway song. ... Snow White is a 1933 animated short film in the Betty Boop series from Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. ... Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor is a two-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on November 27, 1936 by Paramount Pictures. ... This image of Superman appeared at the beginning of each of the cartoons. ... For other uses, see The Raven (disambiguation). ... Seymour Kneitel (March 16, 1908 - July 30, 1964) was an American animator. ... Famous Studios logo, as seen during the opening credits of a 1950s Popeye the Sailor cartoon. ... Isadore Sparber was an American writer, director and producer of animated films. ...

MGM

• Peace on Earth (1939), Hugh Harman
• Puss Gets the Boot (1940), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• The Midnight Snack (1941), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• The Night Before Christmas (1941), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• The Yankee Doodle Mouse (1943), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• Dumb-Hounded (1943), Tex Avery
• Red Hot Riding Hood (1943), Tex Avery
• Mouse Trouble (1944), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• Quiet Please! (1945), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• Solid Serenade (1946), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• The Cat Concerto (1947), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Mouse (1947), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• King-Size Canary (1947), Tex Avery
• The Little Orphan (1948), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• The Two Mouseketeers (1951), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
• Johann Mouse (1953), William Hanna and Joseph Barbera

Peace on Earth is a 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon short subject directed by Hugh Harman, about a post-apocalyptic world populated by animals. ... Puss Gets the Boot is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on February 10, 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ... hello i am godWilliam Denby Bill Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, cartoon artist, and co-founder, together with Joseph Barbera, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Joseph Roland Joe Barbera (March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator, cartoon artist, storyboard artist, director, producer, and co-founder, together with William Hanna, of Hanna-Barbera. ... The Midnight Snack is a one-reel Tom and Jerry animated cartoon, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on July 19, 1941 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ... hello i am godWilliam Denby Bill Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, cartoon artist, and co-founder, together with Joseph Barbera, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Joseph Roland Joe Barbera (March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator, cartoon artist, storyboard artist, director, producer, and co-founder, together with William Hanna, of Hanna-Barbera. ... The Night Before Christmas is an animated cartoon from 1941 featuring Tom and Jerry. ... Original theatrical poster for The Yankee Doodle Mouse. ... Red Hot Riding Hood is an animated cartoon short subject, directed by Tex Avery and released on May 8, 1943 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. ... A screenshot from Mouse Trouble. ... A screenshot from Quiet Please!. Quiet Please! was a 1945 Tom and Jerry cartoon which won the 1945 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons. ... Solid Serenade is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Tom and Jerry series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on August 31, 1946 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ... hello i am godWilliam Denby Bill Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, cartoon artist, and co-founder, together with Joseph Barbera, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Joseph Roland Joe Barbera (March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator, cartoon artist, storyboard artist, director, producer, and co-founder, together with William Hanna, of Hanna-Barbera. ... Tom & Jerry at odds in The Cat Concerto. ... Dr. Jekyll and Mr. ... King-Size Canary is an animated cartoon short that debuted in movie theaters in 1947. ... The Little Orphan was a one-reel theatrical short animated cartoon featuring Tom and Jerry, and was released in theatres on 30 April 1949 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ... The Two Mouseketeers is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Tom and Jerry series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on March 15, 1952 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ... Johann Mouse is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Tom and Jerry series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on March 21, 1953 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. ...

Walter Lantz

• Race Riot, (1929), Walter Lantz
• Confidence, (1933), Bill Nolan
• Knock Knock (1940), Walter Lantz
• The Barber of Seville (1944), James Culhane
• Apple Andy (1946), Dick Lundy
• Crazy Mixed-Up Pup (1955), Tex Avery
• The Legend of Rockabye Point (1955), Tex Avery

A race riot or racial riot is an outbreak of violent civil unrest in which race is a key factor. ... Walter Lantz in 1983, with painting of Woody Woodpecker Walter Lantz (April 27, 1900 – March 22, 1994) was an American cartoonist and animator, best known for founding the Walter Lantz Studio and creating Woody Woodpecker. ... Knock Knock is a 1940 animated short subject, part of the Andy Panda series, produced and directed by Walter Lantz. ... Walter Lantz in 1983, with painting of Woody Woodpecker Walter Lantz (April 27, 1900 – March 22, 1994) was an American cartoonist and animator, best known for founding the Walter Lantz Studio and creating Woody Woodpecker. ... The Barber of Seville is an animated cartoon short produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures. ... James Shamus Culhane was an Irish-American animator, film director, and film producer, often regarded as one of the greatest animators of all time. ... Richard Dick Lundy was an American animator and film director best known for creating Donald Duck. ...

Charles Mintz/Screen Gems (Columbia)

• Lambs Will Gambol (1930), Ben Harrison and Manny Gould
• Yelp Wanted (1931), Dick Huemer
• The Little Match Girl (1937), Sid Marcus and Art Davis
• The Fox and the Grapes (1941), Frank Tashlin
• Song of Victory (1942), Bob Wickersham
• Professor Small and Mister Tall (1943), John Hubley and Paul Sommers
• Flora (1948), Alex Lovy

Lambs Will Gambol is a 1930 animated short subject produced by Charles B. Mintz, featuring Krazy Kat. ... Dick Huemer (January 2, 1898 New York — November 30, 1979 Burbank) was an animater in the Animation Golden Age. ... The Little Match Girl is a Danish fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen about a young girl who sells matches during the cold winter. ... Arthur Art Davis (June 14, 1905 - May 9, 2000) was an animator and a director for Warner Brothers Termite Terrace cartoon studio. ... The Fox and the Crow are a pair of anthropomorphic cartoon characters created by Frank Tashlin for the Screen Gems studio. ... Frank Tashlin (February 19, 1913 - May 5, 1972) was an animator, screenwriter, and director. ... John Hubley (May 21, 1914 – February 21, 1977) was an animator and animation director known for both his formal experimentation and for his emotional realism which stemmed from his tendency to cast his own children as voice actors in his films. ...

UPA

• Hell-Bent for Election (1944), Chuck Jones
• Brotherhood of Man (1946), Bobe Cannon
• Ragtime Bear (1949), John Hubley
• Gerald McBoing Boing (1951), Bobe Cannon
• Rooty Toot Toot (1952), John Hubley
• The Tell-Tale Heart (1953), Art Babbitt and Ted Parmelee
• When Magoo Flew (1955), Pete Burness

Hell-Bent For Election was a 1944 two-reel (thirteen minute) animated cartoon short subject. ... Gerald McBoing-Boing is a 1951 animated short film about a little boy who can only speak in sound effects. ... Rooty Toot Toot is a 1952 UPA animated short film, directed by John Hubley. ... The Tell-Tale Heart is a 1953 animated short film produced by UPA, which retells the Edgar Allan Poe story of a man who is haunted by the beating heart of the man he has murdered. ... Arthur Art Babbitt (October 8, 1907 - March 4, 1992) was a Disney animator. ... When Magoo Flew is a 1954 short animation by Stephen Bosustow that won an Academy Award for Short Subjects (Cartoons) in 1954 Near sighted Mr. ...

Others

• Dinner Time (1928), Paul Terry and John Foster, Van Beuren Studios
• Room Runners (1932), Ub Iwerks
• The Mouse of Tomorrow (1942), Eddie Donnelly, Terrytoons
• The Pink Phink (1964), Friz Freleng, DePatie-Freleng Enterprises

Dinner Time is a 1928 animated short subject produced and directed by Paul Terry and co-directed by John Foster. ... Mighty Mouse, the signature character of the studio. ... Van Beuren Studios was an animation studio that produced theatrical cartoons from 1928-1936. ... Flip the Frog and his girlfriend. ... A publicity photograph (circa 1929) of Ub Iwerks and his most famous co-creation, Mickey Mouse. ... This article is about the fictional character. ... Mighty Mouse, the signature character of the studio. ... The Pink Phink, released on December 18, 1964, was the first Pink Panther animated short released by United Artists and produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises. ... Isadore Friz Freleng (August 21, 1906[1]–May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. ... DePatie-Freleng Enterprises (sometimes abbreviated to DFE) was a Hollywood-based animation production company, active from 1963 to 1981. ...

References

• Barrier, Michael (1999): Hollywood Cartoons. Oxford University Press.
• Maltin, Leonard (1987): Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons. Penguin Books.
• Solomon, Charles (1994): The History of Animation: Enchanted Drawings. Outlet Books Company.

See also

• Famous Studios
• Fleischer Studios
• Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio
• Screen Gems
• Terrytoons
• Walt Disney Productions
• Walter Lantz Productions
• Warner Bros. Cartoons
• United Productions of America

Famous Studios logo, as seen during the opening credits of a 1950s Popeye the Sailor cartoon. ... Fleischer Studios, Inc. ... A Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon opening title, from the 1940s. ... Screen Gems is an American subsidiary company of Sony Pictures Entertainments Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group that has served several different purposes for its parent companies over the decades since its incorporation. ... Mighty Mouse, the signature character of the studio. ... Walt Disney Animation Studios is the animation studio that makes up a key element of The Walt Disney Company, and the oldest surviving animation studio in the world. ... Walter Lantz Productions was an American animation studio. ... Termite Terrace is the nickname for the old building in Sunset Boulevard, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA where Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were first created. ... United Productions of America, better known as UPA, was an animation studio of the 1940s through 1970s, and a distributor of Japanese films from Toho Studios from the 1970s onward. ...

External links

• GoldenAgeCartoons.com
• Cartoon Research