The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci, 1495–1498

tempera on gesso, pitch and mastic

460 × 880 cm, 181 × 346 in

Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena) is a 15th century mural painting in Milan created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Ludovico Sforza and his duchess Beatrice d'Este. It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as narrated in the Gospel of John 13:21, when Jesus announces that one of his Twelve apostles would betray him. For other uses, see The Last Supper (disambiguation). ... The Last Supper can mean: The Last Supper. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1988x1016, 367 KB) Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498) File links The following pages link to this file: The Last Supper (Leonardo) ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... A 1367 tempera on wood by Niccolò Semitecolo. ... Gesso is the Italian word for chalk (akin to the Greek word gypsum), and is a powdered form of the mineral calcium carbonate used in art. ... The pitch drop experiment. ... Binomial name L. Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 3–4 m tall, mainly cultivated for its aromatic resin on the Greek island of Chios,[1]. It is native throughout the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Iberia at the east through southern France and... Santa Maria delle Grazie is a Renaissance church in Milan built by Guiniforte Solari between 1466 and 1490 on a commission by Dominican monks. ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... Salle des illustres, ceiling painting, by Jean André Rixens. ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... This article is about the nobility title. ... Ludovico Sforza in a portrait by Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis. ... Beatrice dEste (1475-1497), duchess of Milan, one of the most beautiful and accomplished princesses of the Italian Renaissance, was the daughter of Ercole I. dEste and younger sister of Isabella dEste. ... The Last Supper was the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles before his death. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... For other uses, see Gospel of John (disambiguation). ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      For...

The painting measures 460 × 880 centimeters (15 feet × 29 ft) and can be found in the back halls of the dining hall at Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. The theme was a traditional one for refectories, but Leonardo's interpretation gave it much greater realism and depth. The lunettes above the main painting, formed by the triple arched ceiling of the refectory, are painted with Sforza coats-of-arms. The opposite wall of the refectory is covered by the Crucifixion fresco by Donato Montorfano, to which Leonardo added figures of the Sforza family in tempera. (These figures have deteriorated in much the same way as has The Last Supper.) Leonardo began work on The Last Supper in 1495 and completed it in 1498—however, he did not work on the piece continuously throughout this period. According to 'Leonardo Da Vinci' [Kenneth Clark, p.144, Penguin Books 1939,1993], this beginning date is not certain, as "the archives of the convent have been destroyed and our meagre documents date from 1497 when the painting was nearly finished." Santa Maria delle Grazie is a Renaissance church in Milan built by Guiniforte Solari between 1466 and 1490 on a commission by Dominican monks. ... A refectory is a dining room, especially in monasteries, boarding schools and academic institutions. ... In architecture, a lunette (diminutive of French lune, moon) is a half-moon shaped space, either masonry or void. ... Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. ... A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short), in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people) and used by them in a wide variety of ways. ... For other uses, see Crucifixion (disambiguation). ...

The Last Supper specifically portrays the reaction given by each apostle when Jesus said one of them would betray him. All twelve apostles have different reactions to the news, with various degrees of anger and shock. From left to right:

• Bartholomew, James, son of Alphaeus and Andrew form a group of three, all are surprised.
• Judas Iscariot, Peter and John form another group of three. Judas is wearing green and blue and is in shadow, looking rather withdrawn and taken aback by the sudden revelation of his plan. He is clutching a small bag, perhaps signifying the silver given to him as payment to betray Jesus, or perhaps a reference to his role within the 12 disciples as treasurer. He is the only person to have his elbow on the table; traditionally a sign of bad manners. Peter looks angry and is holding a knife pointed away from Christ, perhaps foreshadowing his violent reaction in Gethsemane during Jesus' arrest. The youngest apostle, John, appears to swoon.
• Thomas, James the Greater and Philip are the next group of three. Thomas is clearly upset; James the Greater looks stunned, with his arms in the air. Meanwhile, Philip appears to be requesting some explanation.
• Matthew, Jude Thaddeus and Simon the Zealot are the final group of three. Both Jude Thaddeus and Matthew are turned toward Simon, perhaps to find out if he has any answer to their initial questions.

These names are all agreed upon by art historians. In the 19th century, a manuscript (The Notebooks Leonardo Da Vinci pg. 232) was found with their names; before this only Judas, Peter, John and Jesus were positively identified. “Bartholomew” redirects here. ... James, son of Alphaeus was one of the Twelve Apostles. ... Saint Andrew (Greek: Ανδρέας, Andreas), called in the Orthodox tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle and the elder brother of Saint Peter. ... Iscariot redirects here. ... St Peter redirects here. ... John the Apostle (Greek Ιωάννης, see names of John) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Jude Thomas. ... For people and places called Saint James, see the diambiguation page. ... For other uses, see Saint Philip. ... Matthew the Evangelist (מתי, Gift of the LORD, Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew: Mattay; Septuagint Greek: Ματθαίος, Matthaios), most often called Saint Matthew, is an important Christian figure, and one of Jesus Twelve Apostles. ... For other uses, see Saint Jude (disambiguation). ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      The apostle...

In common with other depictions of The Last Supper from this period, Leonardo adopts the convention of seating the diners on one side of the table, so that none of them have their backs to us. However, most previous depictions had typically excluded Judas by placing him alone on the opposite side of the table from the other eleven disciples and Jesus. Another technique commonly used was placing halos around all the disciples except Judas. Leonardo creates a more dramatic and realistic effect by having Judas lean back into shadow. He also creates a realistic and psychologically engaging means to explain why Judas takes the bread at the same time as Jesus, just after Jesus has predicted that this is what his betrayer will do. Jesus is shown saying this to Saints Thomas and James to his left, who react in horror as Jesus points with his left hand to a piece of bread before them. Distracted by the conversation between John and Peter, Judas reaches for a different piece of bread, as, unseen by him, Jesus too stretches out with his right hand towards it. All of the angles and lighting draw attention to Christ.

The painting contains several references to the number 3, which may be an allusion to the Holy Trinity. The Apostles are seated in groupings of three; there are three windows behind Jesus; and the shape of Jesus' figure resembles a triangle. There may have been many other references that have since been lost to the painting's deterioration. This article concerns the holy Trinity of Christianity. ... For other uses, see Triangle (disambiguation). ...

Medium

Leonardo painted The Last Supper on a dry wall rather than on wet plaster, so it is not a true fresco. Because a fresco cannot be modified as the artist works, Leonardo instead chose to seal the stone wall with a layer of pitch, gesso and mastic, then paint onto the sealing layer with tempera. Because of the method used, the piece has not withstood time very well – within several years of completion it has already began showing signs of deterioration. This article is about the building material. ... For other uses, see Fresco (disambiguation). ... The pitch drop experiment. ... Gesso is the Italian word for chalk (akin to the Greek word gypsum), and is a powdered form of the mineral calcium carbonate used in art. ... Binomial name L. Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 3–4 m tall, mainly cultivated for its aromatic resin on the Greek island of Chios,[1]. It is native throughout the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Iberia at the east through southern France and... A 1367 tempera on wood by Niccolò Semitecolo. ...

Damage and restorations

As early as 1517 the painting was starting to flake. By 1556—less than sixty years after it was finished — Leonardo's biographer Giorgio Vasari described the painting as already "ruined" and so deteriorated that the figures were unrecognisable. In 1652 a doorway was cut through the (then unrecognisable) painting, and later bricked up; this can still be seen as the irregular arch shaped structure near the centre base of the painting. It is believed, through early copies, that Jesus' feet were in a position symbolizing the forthcoming crucifixion. In 1768 a curtain was hung over the painting for the purpose of protection; it instead trapped moisture on the surface, and whenever the curtain was pulled back, it scratched the flaking paint. This article needs cleanup. ... Giorgio Vasari (30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, who is today famous for his biographies of Italian artists, considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writing. ... For other uses, see Arch (disambiguation). ...

A first restoration was attempted in 1726 by Michelangelo Bellotti, who filled in missing sections with oil paint then varnished the whole mural. This repair did not last well and another restoration was attempted in 1770 by Giuseppe Mazza. Mazza stripped off Bellotti's work then largely repainted the painting; he had redone all but three faces when he was halted due to public outrage. In 1796 French troops used the refectory as an armory; they threw stones at the painting and climbed ladders to scratch out the Apostles' eyes. The refectory was then later used as a prison; it is not known if any of the prisoners may have damaged the painting. In 1821 Stefano Barezzi, an expert in removing whole frescoes from their walls intact, was called in to remove the painting to a safer location; he badly damaged the centre section before realising that Leonardo's work was not a fresco. Barezzi then attempted to reattach damaged sections with glue. From 1901 to 1908, Luigi Cavenaghi first completed a careful study of the structure of the painting, then began cleaning it. In 1924 Oreste Silvestri did further cleaning, and stabilised some parts with stucco. View of Delft in oil paint, by Johannes Vermeer. ... This article is about varnish. ... Giuseppe Mazza (1653-1741)was a Bolognese sculptor of the Rococo. ... For the TV show, see F Troop. ... Armory or armoury may mean: Armory (military), a military location used for the storage of arms and ammunition. ... For the band, see Adhesive (band). ... Stucco is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water which is applied wet, and hardens when it dries. ...

During World War II, on August 15, 1943, the refectory was struck by a bomb; protective sandbagging prevented the painting being struck by bomb splinters, but it may have been damaged further by the vibration. From 1951 to 1954 another clean-and-stabilise restoration was undertaken by Mauro Pelliccioli. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This article is about the day of the year. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Bomb (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Sandbag (disambiguation). ... Oscillation is the variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. ...

Major restoration

The painting's appearance in the late 1970s was badly deteriorated and unrecognizable. From 1978 to 1999 Pinin Brambilla Barcilon guided a major restoration project which undertook to permanently stabilize the painting, and reverse the damage caused by dirt, pollution, and the misguided 18th and 19th century restoration attempts. Since it had proved impractical to move the painting to a more controlled environment, the refectory was instead converted to a sealed, climate controlled environment, which meant bricking up the windows. Then, detailed study was undertaken to determine the painting's original form, using scientific tests (especially infrared reflectoscopy and microscopic core-samples), and original cartoons preserved in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle. Some areas were deemed unrestorable. These were re-painted with watercolour in subdued colours intended to indicate they were not original work, whilst not being too distracting. HVAC may also stand for High-voltage alternating current HVAC is an initialism that stands for heating, ventilation and air_conditioning. This is sometimes referred to as climate control. ... For other uses, see Infrared (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cartoon (disambiguation). ... This article is about the castle in Windsor. ... Watercolor is a painting technique making use of water-soluble pigments that are either transparent or opaque and are formulated with gum to bond the pigment to the paper. ...

This restoration took 21 years and on May 28, 1999 the painting was put back on display, although intending visitors are required to book ahead and can only stay for 15 minutes. When it was unveiled, considerable controversy was aroused by the dramatic changes in colours, tones, and even some facial shapes. James Beck, professor of art history at Columbia University and founder of ArtWatch International, had been a particularly strong critic. is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... James H. Beck (May 14, 1930 – May 26, 2007) was an American art historian specialising in the Italian Renaissance. ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ... This article is about the academic discipline of art history. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... ArtWatch International was founded by James Beck, professor of art history at Columbia University to monitor conservation of art works. ...

Rumours and alternative theories

A common rumour surrounding the painting is that the same model was used for both Jesus and Judas. The story often goes that the innocent-looking young man, a baker, posed at nineteen for Jesus. Some years later Leonardo discovered a hard-bitten criminal as the model for Judas, not realizing he was the same man. There is no evidence that Leonardo used the same model for both figures and the story usually overestimates the time it took Leonardo to finish the mural.^[1]

Some writers identify the person to Jesus' right not with the Apostle John (as is supposed by icongraphical tradition and confirmed by art historians) but with Mary Magdalene. This theory was the topic of the controversial 1982 book Holy Blood, Holy Grail, and plays a central role in Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code (2003). The author uses this theory to advance his view that Leonardo da Vinci was the head of a secret society which protected the secret of Jesus' royal bloodline and the location of his modern descendants. This article is about the disciple of Jesus. ... Holy Blood, Holy Grail is a controversial New York Times bestselling book by authors Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln, which was published in 1982 by Dell (ISBN 055212138) in London. ... Dan Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction, best known for the 2003 bestselling novel, The Da Vinci Code. ... The Da Vinci Code is a mystery/detective novel by American author Dan Brown, published in 2003 by Doubleday. ... Prieuré de Sion, usually rendered in English translation as Priory of Sion or even Priory of Zion, is an elusive protagonist in many works of both non-fiction and fiction. ...

Castagno's version of The Last Supper, depicting St. John sleeping

Critics of these theories will point out that: Image File history File links Castagnodetail. ... Image File history File links Castagnodetail. ...

• Leonardo was requested to paint the Last Supper, which naturally included Jesus and his Twelve Apostles. As there are only thirteen figures in the painting, an apostle would have been missing to make way for Mary Magdalene. Somebody would have noted a missing male apostle earlier. Some have suggested that on the front of the figure of Simon Peter there is one hand with a dagger which is associated to nobody in the picture, but in clearer reproductions this is seen to be Peter's right hand, resting against his hip with the palm turned outward; the knife points towards Bartholomew (far left) who was to be executed by being flayed. It may also indicate Peter's impulsive nature, as he cuts off a soldier's ear in John 18:10. A detailed preliminary drawing of the arm exists.^[2]
• The figure in question is wearing male clothing.
• Some of the painting's cartoons (preliminary sketches) are preserved, and none show female faces.
• Other paintings from that period (Castagno’s 1447 and Ghirlandaio’s 1480) also show John to be a very boyish or feminine looking figure with long fair hair.^[3] This was because John was supposed to have been the youngest and most unquestioningly devoted of the apostles. Hence he is often shown asleep against Jesus's shoulder. It was common in the period to show neophytes as very young or even feminine figures, as a way of showing their inferior position.
• Leonardo also portrayed a male saint with similar effeminate features in his painting St. John the Baptist.

Drogheda Cathedral's The Last Supper sculpture, depicting a feminine St. John

There have also been other popular speculations about the work: According to tradition, Peter was crucified upside-down, as shown in this painting by Caravaggio. ... For other uses, see Bartholomew (disambiguation). ... Michelangelos Last Judgment - Saint Bartholomew holding the knife of his martyrdom and his flayed skin Flaying is the removal of skin from the body. ... This article is about the Male sex. ... Our Lady of the Assumption with Sts Miniato and Julian (1450) Panel, 150 x 158 cm Staatliche Museen, Berlin Andrea del Castagno (c. ... An Old Man and with a Strawberry Nose (1480). ... Leonardo da Vinci. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 138 KB) Ralph Ellis own picture, released to public domain I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 138 KB) Ralph Ellis own picture, released to public domain I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

• It has been suggested that there is no cup in the painting, yet Jesus' left hand is pointing to the Eucharist and his right to a glass of wine. (There are several glasses on the table, but they are difficult to see owing to the work's deterioration and restorations.) This is not the glorified chalice of legend as Leonardo insisted on realistic paintings. He often criticised Michelangelo for painting muscular, superhuman figures in the Sistine Chapel.
• It is claimed that if one looks above the figure of Bartholemew, a Grail-like image appears on the wall. Whether Leonardo meant this to be a representation of the Holy Grail cannot be known, since as pointed out earlier there is a glass on the table within Christ's reach. The "Grail image" has become noticed probably because it only appears when viewing the painting in small scale reproductions. Zooming in on the painting reveals a cluster of geometrical shapes, possibly intended to represent marble wall decoration, or more likely, paneling on a door.^[4] They only appear to form a golden chalice when parts are deliberately occluded.

Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper superimposed with its mirror image.

Slavisa Pesci, "an information technologist and amateur scholar," superimposed Leonardo da Vinci's version of The Last Supper with its mirror image (with both images of Jesus lined up) and claimed^[5][6] that the resultant picture has: For other uses, see Eucharist (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Michelangelo (disambiguation). ... -1... For other uses, see Holy Grail (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 409 pixelsFull resolution (1988 × 1016 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 409 pixelsFull resolution (1988 × 1016 pixel, file size: 2. ... Superimposition is a graphics term meaning the placement of an image or video on top of an already-existing image or video, usually to add to the overall image effect, but also sometimes to conceal something (such as when a different face is superimposed over the original face in a...

• a Templar knight on the far left
• a woman in orange holds a swaddled babe in arms to the left of Christ
• the Holy Grail used in the first Eucharist

Giovanni Maria Pala, an Italian musician, has indicated that the positions of hands and loaves of bread can be interpreted as notes on a musical staff, and if read from right to left, as was characteristic of Da Vinci's writing, form a musical composition.^[7][8]

The Last Supper in culture

Art

The Last Supper made in salt in Wieliczka Salt Mine (Poland)

A fine 16th century oil on canvas copy is conserved in the abbey of Tongerlo, Antwerp, Belgium. It reveals many details that are no longer visible on the original.^[9] The Roman mosaic artist Giacomo Raffaelli made another life-sized copy (1809-1814) in the Viennese Minoritenkirche. Download high resolution version (1024x667, 250 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1024x667, 250 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Wieliczka Salt Mine, in the town of Wieliczka, in Polands Kraków metropolitan area, had until 2007 been in continuous operation, producing table salt, since the 13th century. ... For the town in Albany County, see Westerlo, New York. ... Antwerp is the northernmost province of Flanders and of Belgium. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... This article is about a decorative art. ... Giacomo Raffaelli (February 2, 1753 - October 11, 1836) was a mosaicist from Rome. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Minoritenkirche in winter The Minoritenkirche, formal name: Italienische Nationalkirche Maria Schnee (English: Greyfriars Church or Minorite Church, formal Italian National Church of Mary of the Snows) is a church built in French cathedral Gothic style in the First District of Vienna. ...

In modern times the painting has also been much imitated and parodied in art and photography. Mary Beth Edelson's "Some Living American Women Artists/Last Supper" (1971) reproduced the composition with Georgia O'Keeffe in the central position. Likewise, Yo Mama's Last Supper, a controversial work of art by Renée Cox, was a montage of five photographs of twelve black men and a naked black woman (the artist's self portrait) posed in imitation of Leonardo's painting. Cox is pictured naked and standing, with her arms reaching upwards, as Jesus. The piece is exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, and received acclaim and criticism in heavy measure, the latter notably by former mayor of New York City, Rudy Giuliani. Georgia Tottoeanocomita OKeeffe (November 15, 1887—March 6, 1986) was an American artist. ... Yo Mamas Last Supper is a controversial work of art by Renée Cox. ... Renée Cox is an artist and photographer who has caused controversy through her depiction of religious themes and imagery in unorthodox ways. ... Rudolph William Louis Rudy Giuliani (pronounced ;[1] born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, and politician from the state of New York who was Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. ...

In 1988, modern artist Vik Muniz famously displayed a recreation of The Last Supper, made entirely out of Bosco Chocolate Syrup.^[10] Munizs, Paparazzi, cibachrome print of chocolate sauce on paper, 1998. ... Bosco Chocolate Syrup is a brand of chocolate syrup first produced in 1928. ...

In 2003, when pop star Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch was raided in a search for evidence regarding child molestation charges, a pastiche of The Last Supper was found. It depicts a similar scene, except this one has Jackson posing in the position of Jesus, with the apostles replaced by great creative figures of history. It hangs above Jackson's bed in his private quarters.^[11] For other persons named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation). ... Neverland Ranch, or Neverland Valley Ranch, is owned by American pop musician Michael Jackson, although Jackson currently resides outside the United States. ... The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic genre. ...

In 2007, Pennsylvania artist Mark Beekman created the world's largest Lite-Brite of The Last Supper, breaking the record held by the previous Guinness record holder for largest Lite-Brite object. As of December 2007, the object was being auctioned on eBay.^{[citation needed]} A 1980s version of the classic 1960s Lite-Brite toy. ...

Drama and film

Mel Brooks's parody of The Last Supper from History of the World, Part 1

Battlestar Galactica's promotion for season 4. Each character's pose and costume is said to be significant foreshadow.

A play has also been written called The Living Last Supper, in which the painting is depicted on stage and the twelve disciples break from the group individually and address the audience. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Mel Brooks (born June 28, 1926) is an Academy Award-winning American director, writer, comedian, actor and producer best known as a creator of broad film farces and comedy parodies. ... The DVD cover artwork for the movie depicts many of the eras parodied in the film History of the World, Part I is a 1981 film directed by Mel Brooks. ... This article is about all the media that use the name Battlestar Galactica. ...

The painting has been parodied in several films, the most notable being perhaps Luis Buñuel's Viridiana (1961). Robert Altman's dark comedy MASH (1970) includes a sub-plot about the camp's dentist, the high point of which recreates Leonardo's tableau. The 1973 film Jesus Christ Superstar has Jesus and the twelve apostles, gathered in the Garden of Gethsemane, pause at one point in the music and freeze into the tableau positions. The 1981 Mel Brooks film History of the World, Part I features Brooks as a waiter at the last supper who poses in the background as a Leonardo character is painting their portrait. In 2004 a Christmas edition of the British TV show Shameless caused controversy by portraying the dysfunctional family at the centre of the show in a copy of the composition, with the alcoholic father played by David Threlfall as Jesus. In contemporary usage, parody is a form of satire that imitates another work of art in order to ridicule it. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Viridiana is a 1961 film directed by Luis Buñuel and produced in Spain by Mexican Gustavo Alatriste. ... For other persons named Robert Altman, see Robert Altman (disambiguation). ... M*A*S*H is a 1970 satirical American dark comedy film directed by Robert Altman, based extremely loosely on the novel written by Richard Hooker. ... Jesus Christ Superstar is a 1973, Oscar-nominated film adaptation of the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar, about the last weeks of the life of Jesus. ... The Garden of Gethsemane. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Mel Brooks (born June 28, 1926) is an Academy Award-winning American director, writer, comedian, actor and producer best known as a creator of broad film farces and comedy parodies. ... History of the World, Part I is a 1981 film written, produced and directed by Mel Brooks. ... Shameless is an offbeat British comedy drama television series set in the fictional Chatsworth Estate in Manchester, England. ... David Threlfall (born 12 October 1953, Manchester) is a British actor known for his role as Frank Gallagher in the Channel 4 comedy-drama series Shameless. ...

Likewise, in the movie Paradise Now, just before the Palestinian suicide bombers Said and Khaled leave for their "mission", they sit down to enjoy a "last supper". Said, Khaled and 11 other recruits sit facing the camera, similar to Leonardo's last supper. There are 13 people in the scene though, with no one exactly in the centre (where Jesus would be), possibly to avoid offending both Christians and Muslims, who see Jesus as a prophet of Allah, and portrayal of any of Islam's prophets is forbidden.

In Pier Paolo Pasolini's "Mama Roma" (1962), the film opens with a scene of Mamma Roma, played by the volcanic Anna Magnani, at a rural wedding, which Pasolini staged to resemble the Last Supper. Mamma Roma spews taunts at the groom, her former pimp, and at the bride, whom she views as a naive, grotesque waif. Mamma Roma is a 1962 film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. ...

In the 1967 movie The Dirty Dozen there is a "Last Supper" scene where Maggot is in the Judas traitor position, foreshadowing his betraying the team during their mission.

The picture has been used in many other films, TV shows, and advertisements.

"The Last Supper" is the be the subject of an animation by British film-maker, Peter Greenaway, who plans to project interpretative images onto its surface to enliven the scene in which the apostles all question Jesus' statement that one of them will betray him. ref>http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2256943,00.html Robert Booth, Greenaway prepares to create Da Vinci coda, The Guardian, 15 February 2008</ref>

Battlestar Galactica's season four promotion featured characters from the show seated at a long table in various poses and costumes. The scene is reminiscent of the Last Supper, and many fans have developed theories regarding the significance of the poses, costumes and placements. This article is about all the media that use the name Battlestar Galactica. ...

Notes

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Last supper by Leonardo da Vinci

• The Last Supper - Very High Resolution zoomable version
• A Different Da Vinci Code
• Leonardo da Vinci, Gallery of Paintings and Drawings
• Official Milanese "The Last Supper" site (English version)
• Leonardo da Vinci - The Last Supper
• John the Apostle in Art
• Is that John or Mary Magdalene in the Last Supper?
• The last supper by Leonardo

v • d • e Leonardo da Vinci Key: *Attributed (see here for details) · **Collaboration with Verrocchio · †Lost Paintings Early works: †Medusa · *Dreyfus Madonna (c. 1469) · **The Baptism of Christ (1472–75) · The Annunciation (c.1475–80) “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... Madonna with Sts John the Baptist and Donatus (1475-83), Cathedral of Pistoia. ... Caravaggios version of the subject, 1597. ... The Baptism of Christ is a painting finished around 1475 by the Italian Renaissance painter Andrea del Verrocchio and his workshop. ... Annunciation by Leonardo da Vinci, ca 1472-75. ... Mature works: *Ginevra de' Benci (1475) · *The Madonna of the Carnation (c. 1478–80) · *Benois Madonna (c.1478–80) · St. Jerome in the Wilderness (c.1480) · The Adoration of the Magi (1481) · The Virgin of the Rocks (c. 1483–86) · *Lady with an Ermine (1488–90) · *Portrait of a Musician (1490) · *Madonna Litta (1490–91) · *La belle ferronière (1495–98) · The Last Supper (1498) · *Madonna of the Yarnwinder (1501) · Mona Lisa (1503–05/07) · The Virgin of the Rocks (c. 1505–08) · †The Battle of Anghiari (1505) · †Leda and the Swan (c. 1508) · The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (c. 1510) · St. John the Baptist (1513–16) · *Bacchus (1515) Ginevra de Benci was a lady of the aristocratic class in 15th century Florence, admired for her intelligence by Florentine contemporaries. ... The Madonna of the Carnation is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci created sometime around 1478-1480. ... The Benois Madonna Madonna and Child with Flowers, otherwise known as the Benois Madonna, could be one of two Madonnas started by Leonardo da Vinci, as he remarked himself, in October 1478. ... St Jerome in the Wilderness (c. ... The Adoration of the Magi (2007) is an early painting by Leonardo da Vinci. ... The Virgin of the Rocks and Madonna of the Rocks are terms used to describe two different paintings with almost identical compositions. ... Lady with an Ermine, Czartoryski Museum, Kraków | title=Lady with an Ermine | artist=Leonardo da Vinci | year=1485 | type=oil on wood panel | height=54 | width=39 | museum=Czartoryski Museum]], Kraków}} The Lady with an Ermine is a 1485 painting by Leonardo da Vinci. ... Leonardo da Vinci. ... The Madonna Litta is one of the great paintings by Leonardo da Vinci. ... La belle Ferronière (Portrait of an Unknown Woman). ... The Madonna of the Yarnwinder (c. ... For other uses, see Mona Lisa (disambiguation). ... The Virgin of the Rocks and Madonna of the Rocks are terms used to describe two different paintings with almost identical compositions. ... The Battle of Anghiari is a lost painting by Leonardo DaVinci, which is still believed to be hidden somewhere in the Council Hall in Florence. ... The Virgin and Child with St Anne is an oil painting by Leonardo da Vinci depicting St Anne, her daughter the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus. ... Leonardo da Vinci. ... Bacchus is a painting often said to be by Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. ... Recent attributions: **Tobias and the Angel (1470–80) · Tobias and the Angel is a painting finished around 1470-1480 by the Italian Renaissance painter Andrea del Verrocchio. ... The Holy Infants Embracing (c. 1486–90) Sculpture Sforza monument (unexecuted) Works on paper Vitruvian Man (1492) · The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist (c. 1499–1500) Manuscripts Codex Atlanticus · Codex Leicester · Codex Trivulzianus Inventions Leonardo's robot · Viola organista Cultural depictions of Leonardo da Vinci · Leonardo da Vinci - scientist and inventor · Leonardo da Vinci's personal life