The Mists of Avalon is a 1979 novel by Marion Zimmer Bradley, in which she relates the Arthurian legends from the perspective of the female characters. Image File history File links Mists_of_avalon_book_cover. ... Marion Eleanor Zimmer Bradley (June 3, 1930 – September 25, 1999) was an American author of fantasy novels such as The Mists of Avalon and the Darkover series, often with a feminist outlook. ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A series of novels written by Marion Zimmer Bradley, with help from Diana L. Paxson. ... Look up Fantasy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary For other definitions of fantasy, see fantasy (psychology). ... A publisher is a person or entity which engages in the act of publishing. ... Colophon of the publisher Alfred A. Knopf. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... A compact disc or CD is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. ... “ISBN” redirects here. ... Priestess of Avalon is a book by Marion Zimmer Bradley and Diana L. Paxson, published in 2000 (and therefore subsequent to Bradleys death in 1999), detailing the life of Helena, wife of Constantius and mother of Constantine. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Marion Eleanor Zimmer Bradley (June 3, 1930 – September 25, 1999) was an American author of fantasy novels such as The Mists of Avalon and the Darkover series, often with a feminist outlook. ... A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15th century) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ...

Plot introduction

The plot focuses on Morgaine (often called Morgan Le Fay in other works), who is portrayed by Bradley as a woman fighting to save her matriarchal Celtic culture in a country where patriarchal Christianity threatens to destroy the druidic way of life. The book also describes the lives of Gwenhwyfar (Guinevere), Viviane, Morgause, and other women who are often marginalized in other Arthurian retellings. King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table are supporting, rather than main, characters. Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain, Morgana and other variants, is a powerful sorceress and sometime antagonist of King Arthur and Guinevere in the Arthurian legend. ... Matriarchy is a gynocentric form of society, in which power is with the female and especially with the mothers of a community. ... This article is about the European people. ... Look up patriarchy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... Two druids, from an 1845 publication, based on a bas-relief found at Autun, France. ... For other uses, see Guinevere (disambiguation). ... In an Arthurian legend, the Lady of the Lake gave King Arthur the sword known as Excalibur. ... In Arthurian legend, Morgause or Morgase (also known as Anna-Morgause or Ann-Morgause) is the half-sister of King Arthur who slept with him and produced Mordred, the incestuous heir that would lead to Camelots downfall. ... A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15th century) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ... Knights of the Round Table were those men awarded the highest order of Chivalry at the Court of King Arthur in the literary cycle the Matter of Britain. ...

The Mists of Avalon is in stark contrast to other retellings of the Arthurian tales, which consistently paint Morgaine as a distant, one-dimensional evil witch or sorceress; with no real explanation given (or required) for her antipathy. In this case Morgaine is cast as a strong woman in pain who has unique gifts and responsibilities at a time of enormous political and spiritual upheaval; as she is called upon to defend her indigenous matriarchal heritage against impossible odds. The Mists of Avalon stands as a watershed for feminist interpretation of male-centered myth by articulating women's experience at time of great change and shifts in gender-power. The typical battles, quests, and feuds of King Arthur's reign are described as supporting elements to the women's lives. The story is told in four large parts, Book One: Mistress of Magic, Book Two: The High Queen, Book Three: The King Stag, and Book Four: The Prisoner in the Oak.

The novel was a best-seller upon its publication in 1983 and has remained popular to this day. Bradley later expanded the book into the Avalon series.

Plot summary

Mists of Avalon is a generations-spanning retelling of the Arthurian legend. Its protagonist is Morgaine, who witnesses the rise of Uther Pendragon to the throne of Camelot. As a child, she is taken to Avalon by High Priestess Viviane, her maternal aunt, to become a priestess of the Mother Goddess and witnesses the rising tension between the old pagan and the new Christian religions. Uther Pendragon (French: Uter Pendragon; Welsh: Wthyr Bendragon, Uthr Bendragon, Uthyr Pendraeg) is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. ... Gustave Doré’s illustration of Camelot from “Idylls of the King”, 1868 Camelot is the most famous fictional castle associated with the legendary King Arthur. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Avalon (probably from the Celtic word abal: apple; see Etymology below) is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ...

After Uther dies, his son Arthur claims the throne. Arthur's half-sister Morgaine and Viviane give him the magic sword Excalibur, and with the combined force of Avalon and Camelot, Arthur drives the invasion of the Saxons away. But when his wife Gwenhwyfar fails to produce a child, she is convinced that it is a punishment of God: firstly for the presence of pagan elements, and secondly, for her forbidden love to Arthur's finest knight Lancelet (Lancelot). She increasingly becomes a religious fanatic, and relationships between Avalon and Camelot (i.e. Morgaine and herself) become hostile. For other uses, see Excalibur (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Saxon (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lancelot (disambiguation). ...

When the knights of the Round Table of Camelot leave to search for the Holy Grail, a young man seeks to usurp the throne: Mordred, bastard son of Arthur and Morgaine, conceived when the two were the center of a pagan ritual not knowing who the other was. Mordred seeks to re-instate the power of Avalon at all costs. In a climactic battle, Arthur's and Mordred's armies square off, and in the end, it is Morgaine alone who lives to tell the tale of Camelot. For historical artifacts associated with the cup of the Last Supper, see Holy Chalice. ... Mordred or Modred (Welsh: Medrawd, Latin: Medraut) is a character in the Arthurian legend, known as a notorious traitor who fought King Arthur at the Battle of Camlann, where he was killed and Arthur fatally wounded. ...

Bradley about her book

Gnosticism is a blanket term for various religions and sects most prominent in the first few centuries A.D. General characteristics The word gnosticism comes from the Greek word for knowledge, gnosis (γνῶσις), referring to the idea that there is special, hidden mysticism (esoteric knowledge... Sir Thomas Malory (c. ...

Characters

• Morgaine — Narrator, protagonist. Her character is capable of second sight (a gift of her Goddess) and transfiguration. Portrayed as a tragic character, Morgaine is torn between her loyalty to Avalon and her unfulfilled love to Lancelet. She is a complex character and often considers herself the victim of fate, and decides she has no choice in the decisions she makes in life. She has other lovers in the book, notably Arthur, Kevin, and Accolon. She is doomed to witness the demise of the old ways of Avalon, but in the end, makes peace with Christianity and sees that she never fought the religion itself, but rather the narrow minded views of the priests who claim all other gods, including her pagan Mother Goddess, are demons, and that their Christ is the only one true God. Through out the story she tries to do the will of the Goddess. As a maiden she was a priestess of Avalon. As a woman and mother she was a Queen and champion of the old religion in the new world. Though declines taking the her rightful places as Lady of the Lake and High Priestess of Avalon, she stays the Queen of northern Wales and in a way become the long forgotten Priestess of the Vernemeton. Kevin, The Merlin of Britain, tells Niniane, that though she is the Lady, she is not Morgaine, not the Queen of Avalon. Upon Accolon's death she returns to Avalon and eventually accepts her role as the Lady of the Lake, the last High Priestess of Avalon. She eventually realizes, once she is able to see beyond the closed-minded priests and to see the true nature of the religion that is Christianity, that her task has been completed, and some memory of the ancient beliefs of Britain will live on. In the end, she sees that the Goddess that she worshipped did not die with the coming of Christianity. The Goddess just took another form in the image of the Virgin Mary.
• Uther Pendragon is the nephew and War Duke of the dead High King Ambrosius and an ambitious warlord who falls in love with Igraine. After being betrayed by his ally Gorlois (out of jealousy rather than out of political reasons), he killed him and became the new king of Camelot. He fathered King Arthur and died when Arthur was a teenager.
• Igraine is the wife of Gorlois and later Uther, the younger sister of Viviane, and the mother of Morgaine. She was brought up in Avalon and given as a wife to Gorlois at the age of fifteen, a mostly unhappy union for her. She is destined by Viviane and Taliesin to betray her husband, seduce Uther and produce the saviour of the Isle (her son King Arthur). At first, she rebels, stating she is not a breeding mare, but ultimately falls in love with Uther and helps him defeat his enemies. However, the guilt about Gorlois torments her to the end. Igraine adores Morgaine before Uther enters, but is then ignored by Igraine when she and Uther marry and when Arthur is born.
• Gorlois is Igraine's husband and Morgaine's father. Because Igraine was so young when they married, their relationship has been strained, but Gorlois did his best to make her feel comfortable, giving her gifts and letting her keep her daughter Morgaine. Igraine does not see how he loved her until it's too late. When Gorlois suspects that Igraine has an affair with Uther, he turns on her, accuses her of being a whore and a witch, and even breaks his oath to Uther. In the end, Uther kills him for treachery.
• King Arthur is the son of Igraine and Uther. He is portrayed as a strong king, who marries Gwenhwyfar by arranged marriage. His compassion for his suffering wife — who is tormented by her childlessness and her love for Lancelot — ultimately becomes his downfall. A twist is that he is actually aware of Gwenhwyfar's and Lancelot's affair, and how unhappy both are to constantly betray him. But Arthur stays outside because he loves both his wife and his best friend too much to make them unhappy. It is suggested that, while he does love Gwenhwyfar, his deepest love is saved for Morgaine.
• Gwenhwyfar is Arthur's beautiful, but unhappy wife. She is brought up by a cold, unloving father, which left her with a deep inferiority complex and intense agoraphobia. Failing to produce an heir and unable to be with the love of her life, Lancelet, she falls into a deep depression and — hoping for salvation — becomes an increasingly fanatic Christian. Gwenhwyfar and Morgaine are depicted as two polar characters.
• Lancelet is Arthur's First Knight, Viviane's son and Morgaine's cousin and first love. He is an extremely gifted warrior and admired for his very handsome appearance, but has a life-long fear of his mother Viviane. Gwenhwyfar and he are utterly infatuated, but they neither have the courage (or ruthlessness) to elope. He is also in love with Arthur, and perhaps loves Gwenwhyfar even more because she is so close to him.
• Mordred, a.k.a. Gwydion, is the illegitimate son of Morgaine and King Arthur. He is an unscrupulous, cunning intrigant, but in contrast to mainstream versions his motives are understandable. He sees his father Arthur as corrupt and decadent, and is convinced that he has to remove him to save Camelot. It is strongly hinted that his childhood under the cold, cunning Morgause makes him think the way he does.
• Morgause is Morgaine's aunt, the younger sister of Viviane and Igraine. She is depicted as a vain, cunning character and in contrast to her sisters, she acts purely for her own gains. She feels no regret in her regular adultery and plans to use both Morgaine and Mordred as vehicles for her power.
• Patricius is Camelot's most powerful Christian priest, modern St. Patrick, who drove the "snakes" (druids) from Ireland. He is portrayed in an extremely negative light, as a ruthless, misogynist religious fundamentalist.
• Elaine is Gwenhyfar's cousin who eventually becomes Lancelet's wife. Morgaine offers Elaine Lancelet on the condition that she is given Elaine's first daughter to rear in Avalon.
• Viviane is — for the most time — the High Priestess of Avalon. She is mis-understood because her family has no contact and that she would have to do anything to keep Camelot and Avalon and the priestess of Avalon alive in everyone's heart.
• Taliesin (Merlin of Britain) is the old Archdruid and harpist of Avalon. He is revered by Christian and pagan alike as a wise, kind old man. His mental health constantly deteriorates during the story.
• Kevin (Merlin of Britain) succeeds Taliesin after his death. He is a horribly disfigured hunchback, having been burnt by a fire when he was a child, but can sing like an angel. He becomes Morgaine's lover and later her worst enemy. Foreseeing the demise of pagan ways, he betrays Avalon. In an ultimate attempt to unite Christianity and Avalon, so Avalon will survive, he brings the Holy Grail to Camelot. To punish him for this atrocity, Morgaine sets up Nimue to seduce and then betray him and wants to torture him to death as a traitor. But before the torture begins, Morgaine changes her mind and has him executed swiftly out of mercy, and at the same time, a bolt of lightning incinerates the Holy Oak of Avalon. Morgaine understands that Avalon is doomed.
• Raven is a priestess of Avalon who has taken an oath of silence. She sacrifices herself to help Morgaine save the Holy Grail from Patricius.
• Accolon is a knight loyal to Avalon. He becomes Morgaine's lover, and she wants him to kill King Arthur and so restore the power of Avalon. However, Arthur slays him in direct combat, and when Morgaine's role becomes evident, she is disgraced.
• Nimue is the beautiful daughter of Elaine and Lancelet. She is kept in constant seclusion at Avalon, and Morgaine sees her as the ultimate weapon against Camelot. Nimue seduces Kevin in order to abduct him, but falls in love with him herself and kills herself when she betrays him.
• Niniane is a priestess who reluctantly becomes Lady of the Lake after Viviane is slain and Morgaine declines to take her place. She becomes Mordred's lover, but when he announces his plans to betray Arthur, she turns on him and he kills her in a fit of rage.

Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain, Morgana and other variants, is a powerful sorceress and sometime antagonist of King Arthur and Guinevere in the Arthurian legend. ... A protagonist is the main figure of a piece of literature or drama and has the main part or role. ... Second sight is a form of extra-sensory perception whereby a person perceives information, in the form of vision, about future events before they happen. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Avalon (probably from the Celtic word abal: apple; see Etymology below) is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ... For other uses, see Lancelot (disambiguation). ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Avalon (probably from the Celtic word abal: apple; see Etymology below) is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ... Uther Pendragon (French: Uter Pendragon; Welsh: Wthyr Bendragon, Uthr Bendragon, Uthyr Pendraeg) is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. ... Gustave Doré’s illustration of Camelot from “Idylls of the King”, 1868 Camelot is the most famous fictional castle associated with the legendary King Arthur. ... A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15th century) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Avalon (probably from the Celtic word abal: apple; see Etymology below) is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ... In an Arthurian legend, the Lady of the Lake gave King Arthur the sword known as Excalibur. ... Taliesin or Taliessin (c. ... In the legendary tales of King Arthur, Gorlois was the Duke of Cornwall and married to the beautiful Ygerna (Igraine or Ygraine). ... A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15th century) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ... For other uses, see Guinevere (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder which primarily consists of the fear of experiencing a difficult or embarrassing situation from which the sufferer cannot escape. ... In everyday language depression refers to any downturn in mood, which may be relatively transitory and perhaps due to something trivial. ... For other uses, see Lancelot (disambiguation). ... In an Arthurian legend, the Lady of the Lake gave King Arthur the sword known as Excalibur. ... Mordred or Modred (Welsh: Medrawd, Latin: Medraut) is a character in the Arthurian legend, known as a notorious traitor who fought King Arthur at the Battle of Camlann, where he was killed and Arthur fatally wounded. ... In Arthurian legend, Morgause or Morgase (also known as Anna-Morgause or Ann-Morgause) is the half-sister of King Arthur who slept with him and produced Mordred, the incestuous heir that would lead to Camelots downfall. ... In Arthurian legend, Morgause or Morgase (also known as Anna-Morgause or Ann-Morgause) is the half-sister of King Arthur who slept with him and produced Mordred, the incestuous heir that would lead to Camelots downfall. ... Statue of Saint Patrick Saint Patrick (died March 17, 462, 492, or 493), is the patron saint of Ireland. ... Druidry or Druidism was the religion of the ancient druids, the priestly class in ancient Celtic and Gallic societies through much of Western Europe north of the Alps and in the British Isles. ... Misogyny is an exaggerated pathological aversion towards women. ... Elaine (a form of Helen) is a name shared by several different characters in Arthurian Legend. ... In an Arthurian legend, the Lady of the Lake gave King Arthur the sword known as Excalibur. ... Taliesin or Taliessin (c. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Avalon (probably from the Celtic word abal: apple; see Etymology below) is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ... Look up pagan, heathen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... For historical artifacts associated with the cup of the Last Supper, see Holy Chalice. ... For historical artifacts associated with the cup of the Last Supper, see Holy Chalice. ... When King Arthur entrusted Excalibur into Morgan le Fays care, she had a duplicate made; the real scabbard was then passed from her to Accolon. ... In Arthurian legend, The Lady of the Lake gave King Arthur the sword known as Excalibur. ...

Major themes

• Arthurian romance
• Avalon
• Beltane
• Holy Grail
• Matter of Britain
• Paganism
• Second sight

King Arthur is an important figure in the mythology of Britain. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Avalon (probably from the Celtic word abal: apple; see Etymology below) is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ... This article is about the Gaelic holiday. ... For historical artifacts associated with the cup of the Last Supper, see Holy Chalice. ... The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of the British Isles, centering around King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. ... Look up pagan, heathen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Second sight is a form of extra-sensory perception whereby a person perceives information, in the form of vision, about future events before they happen. ...

Literary significance and criticism

The Mists of Avalon is lauded as one of the most original and emotional retellings of the familiar Arthurian legend. Bradley received much praise for convincing portrayal of the main protagonists, her respectful handling of the pagan ways of Avalon and for telling a story in which there is neither black and white or good and evil, but several truths. Isaac Asimov called it "the best retelling of the Arthurian Saga I have ever read", and Jean Auel noted "I loved this book so much I went out and bought it for a friend, and have told many people about it."^[2] The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction calls the book "a convincing revision of the Arthurian cycle," and said that the victory of Christianity over the "sane but dying paganism" of Avalon "ensures eons of repression for women and the vital principles they espouse." It won the 1984 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel and spent four months on the New York Times best seller list in hardcover. The trade paperback edition of Mists of Avalon has ranked among the top five trade paperbacks on the monthly Locus bestseller lists for almost four years.^[3] Look up pagan, heathen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Avalon (probably from the Celtic word abal: apple; see Etymology below) is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ... Isaac Asimov (January 2?, 1920?[1] – April 6, 1992), IPA: , originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as Айзек Азимов) was a Russian-born American Jewish author and professor of biochemistry, a highly successful and exceptionally prolific writer best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. ... Jean Marie Auel (born February 18, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American writer. ... This article is about the year. ... The Locus Awards are presented to winners of Locus Magazines annual readers poll, which was established in the early 70s specifically to provide recommendations and suggestions to Hugo Awards voters. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ...

However, the book has been oft-criticised for being nothing more than thinly-veiled feminist propaganda, as the stereotypically strong female lead of Morgaine is placed next to weak women like Gwenhwyfar and tortured male leads in the characters of a hapless, confused King Arthur and a Lancelet living in denial of his bisexual attraction to Arthur. Additionally, conservative Christian fantasy fans have blasted the book for having anti-Christian sentiments, although the author herself was a Christian: they criticise that the book for portraying Christianity as oppressive and anti-woman, and also includes sexual themes like incest, rape and ménage à trois, which are unacceptable in their point of view.^[4] Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ... Look up ménage à trois in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In Germany, Mists of Avalon has been included in the "Bild Bestseller Bibliothek" of the BILD, Germany's highest-selling newspaper; it is a list of what BILD calls the 25 finest pieces of popular fiction of all time, alongside other classics like Shining or The Silence of the Lambs.^[5] The Bild-Zeitung (often abbreviated Bild, lit. ... Shining or The Shining may refer to: In fiction: The Shining (novel), a novel by Stephen King The Shining (film), a 1980 Stanley Kubrick film adaptation of Kings novel The Shining (TV miniseries), a 1997 television mini-series also based on Kings novel In music: The Shining (band... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Adaptations

Main article: The Mists of Avalon (TV miniseries)

The Mists of Avalon was adapted for television into a TNT miniseries in 2001, directed by Uli Edel. The Mists of Avalon is a 2001 miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Marion Zimmer Bradley. ... Turner Network Television, usually referred to as TNT, is an American cable TV network created by media mogul Ted Turner and currently owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. ... The Mists of Avalon is a 2001 miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Marion Zimmer Bradley. ... Uli Edel (born April 11, 1947 in Neuenburg, Germany), German film director. ...

Extended Avalon series

Bradley, along with Diana L. Paxson, later expanded the book into a series, including Ancestors of Avalon, Ravens of Avalon, The Forest House, Lady of Avalon, and Priestess of Avalon. Diana L. Paxson (born 1943) is a writer, primarily of fantasy and historical fiction novels and short stories. ... Ancestors of Avalon is a 2004 fantasy novel written by Diana L. Paxson, and based on an idea of the late Marion Zimmer Bradley, Ancestors of Avalon details the fall of Atlantis, and the settlement of lands in pre-christianity Britain. ... The Forest House (Viking, 1994) is a book by Marion Zimmer Bradley about the priestesses of Vernemeton, also called the Forest House. ... Lady of Avalon is a 1997 book by Marion Zimmer Bradley and Diana L. Paxson. ... Priestess of Avalon is a book by Marion Zimmer Bradley and Diana L. Paxson, published in 2000 (and therefore subsequent to Bradleys death in 1999), detailing the life of Helena, wife of Constantius and mother of Constantine. ...

Release details

• 1984 (Original, 1983), USA, Ballatine Publishing Group ISBN 0-345-35049-9 , Pub date 1984, Reissue Edition

Sources, references, external links, quotations