NationMaster - Encyclopedia: The Murders in the Rue Morgue

"The Murders in the Rue Morgue" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe first published in Graham's Magazine in 1841. Today, it is considered the first detective story.^[1]^[2] Poe referred to it as one of his "tales of ratiocination".^[1] Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 â€“ October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ... A publisher is a person or entity which engages in the act of publishing. ... Fashion plate from an 1849 issue of Grahams Magazine. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 â€“ October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Fashion plate from an 1849 issue of Grahams Magazine. ... See also: 1840 in literature, other events of 1841, 1842 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ...

C. Auguste Dupin is a man in Paris who decides to solve the mysterious brutal murder of two women in that city after a suspect has been arrested. Numerous witnesses are quoted in the newspaper as having heard a suspect, though the witnesses each think it was a different language. At the murder scene, Dupin finds a suspicious hair that does not appear to be human. He places an advertisement in the newspaper asking if anyone has lost an "Ourang-Outang". When he visits the sailor that answers the ad, he explains how he determined that the animal is the actual murderer in the Rue Morgue. C. Auguste Dupin is a fictional detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... This article is about the primate. ...

As the first true detective in fiction, the Dupin character established many literary devices which would be used in future fictional detectives including Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot. Many later characters, for example, follow Poe's model of the brilliant detective, his personal friend who serves as narrator, and the final revelation being presented before the reasoning that leads up to it. Dupin himself reappears in "The Mystery of Marie Roget" and "The Purloined Letter". A portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney Paget from the Strand Magazine, 1891 Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who first appeared in publication in 1887. ... David Suchet as Hercule Poirot in The Dream Hercule Poirot (pronounced in english ) is a fictional Belgian detective created by Agatha Christie. ... The Narrator is the entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. ... The Mystery of Marie Roget is a story by Edgar Allan Poe written in 1842. ... The Purloined Letter is one of Edgar Allan Poes detective stories. ...

Plot summary

The story surrounds a baffling double murder where Madame L'Espanaye and her daughter are brutally murdered in the Rue Morgue, a street in Paris. Newspaper accounts of the murder reveal that the mother's throat is so badly cut that her head is barely attached and the daughter, after being strangled, has been violently stuffed into the chimney. The murder occurs in a seemingly inaccessible room on the fourth floor that is locked from the inside. Neighbors who hear the murder give very contradictory accounts, each claiming they hear the murderer speaking a different language including French and Spanish. The speech is unclear, they say, and they admit to not knowing the language they are claiming to have heard. Look up Chimney in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Paris natives Dupin and his friend, the unnamed narrator of the story, both read these newspaper accounts with interest. The two live in relative isolation, living in seclusion and allowing no visitors. They have cut off contact with "former associates" and venture outside only at night. "We existed within ourselves alone", the narrator explains. When a man named Adolphe Le Bon has been imprisoned though no evidence exists pointing to his guilt, Dupin is so intrigued that he offers his services to "G–", the prefect of police. A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: make in front, i. ...

Because none of the witnesses can agree on the language the murderer spoke, Dupin assumes they were not hearing a human voice at all. He finds a hair at the scene of the murder that is quite unusual; "this is no human hair", he concludes. Dupin decides to put an advertisement in the newspaper asking if anyone has lost an "Ourang-Outang". The ad is answered by a sailor who comes to Dupin at his home. The sailor offers a reward for the orangutan's return; Dupin asks for all the information the sailor has about the murders in the Rue Morgue. The sailor reveals he had a wild orangutan whose companion had recently died. The animal had escaped and stolen the sailor's shaving straight razor. When he pursued the orangutan, it escaped by scaling a wall and climbing up a lightning rod, entering the apartment in the Rue Morgue through a window. This article is about the primate. ... A straight razor Straight razor is the name given to a reusable knife blade used for shaving facial hair. ... An example of a standard, pointed-tip air terminal The term lightning rod is also used as a metaphorical term to describe those who attract controversy. ...

Once in the room, the surprised Madame L'Espanaye could not defend herself as the orangutan attempted to shave her in imitation of the sailor's daily routine. The bloody deed incited it to fury and he squeezed the daughter's throat until she died. Suddenly feeling guilty, it attempted to hide the body by stuffing it into the chimney. The sailor, aware of the "murder", panicked himself and ran away from the scene, allowing the orangutan to escape. The prefect of police, upon hearing this story, sarcastically mentions that people should mind their own business. Dupin responds that G– is "too cunning to be profound."

Themes and analysis

In a letter to friend Dr. Joseph Snodgrass, Poe said of "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", "its theme was the exercise of ingenuity in detecting a murderer."^[3] Dupin is not actually a professional detective; he decides to investigate the murders in the Rue Morgue for his personal amusement. He also has a desire for truth and to prove a falsely accused man of his innocence. His interests, then, are not financial and he even denies a monetary reward from the owner of the orangutan.^[4] The revelation of the actual murderer essentially removes the crime, as neither the orangutan nor its owner can be held morally responsible.^[5] Later detective stories would have probably set up M. Le Bon, the suspect who is arrested, as appearing guilty as a red herring, though Poe chose not to.^[6] In literature, a red herring is a plot device intended to distract the reader from a more important event in the plot, usually a twist ending. ...

Dupin's method emphasizes the importance of reading and the written word. He is initially interested in the mystery from the newspaper accounts and learns about orangutans from a written account by "Culvier". This method also engages the reader, who follows along by reading the clues himself.^[7] Poe also emphasizes the power of the spoken word. When Dupin asks the sailor for information about the murders, the sailor himself acts out a partial death: "The sailor's face flushed up as if he were struggling with suffocation... the next moment he fell back into his seat, trembling violently, and with the countenance of death itself."^[8]

Poe wrote "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" at a time when crime was at the forefront in people's minds due to urban development. London had recently established its first professional police force and American cities were beginning to focus on scientific police work as newspapers heavily reported about bloody murders and criminal trials.^[1] Similarly, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" establishes an urban theme which will be reused several times in Poe's fiction, in particular "The Man of the Crowd", likely inspired by Poe's time living in Philadelphia.^[9] This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Man of the Crowd is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe about a nameless narrator following a man through a crowded London, first published in 1840. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ...

The tale has an underlying metaphor for the battle of brains vs. brawn. Physical strength, depicted as the orangutan as well as its owner, stand only for violence: the orangutan is itself a murderer, while its owner admits he has abused the animal with a whip. The analyst's brainpower overcomes their violence, however.^[10] The story also contains Poe's often-used theme of the death of a beautiful woman, which he called the "most poetical topic in the world".^[11]^[12] This article is about metaphor in literature and rhetoric. ... The Philosophy of Composition is an essay written by Edgar Allan Poe that elaborates a theory about how good writers write when they write well. ...

Literary significance and reception

Poe biographer Jeffrey Meyers sums up the significance of "The Murders in the Rue Morgue": "[it] changed the history of world literature."^[2] Acknowledged as the first detective fiction story, the character of Dupin became the prototype for many future fictional detectives, including Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot. The genre is distinctive from a general mystery story in that the focus is on analysis.^[13] The story also established many tropes that would become common elements in mystery fiction: the eccentric but brilliant detective, the bumbling constabulary, the first-person narration by a close personal friend. Poe also portrays the police in an unsympathetic manner as a sort of foil to the detective.^[14] Poe also initiates the storytelling device where the detective announces his solution and then explains the reasoning leading up to it.^[15] It is also the first locked room mystery.^[16] Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ... Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 â€“ 7 July 1930) was a British author most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. ... A portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney Paget from the Strand Magazine, 1891 Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who first appeared in publication in 1887. ... Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (15 September 1890 â€“ 12 January 1976), commonly known as Agatha Christie, was an English crime fiction writer. ... David Suchet as Hercule Poirot in The Dream Hercule Poirot (pronounced in english ) is a fictional Belgian detective created by Agatha Christie. ... In literature, a trope is a familiar and repeated symbol, meme, theme, motif, style, character or thing that permeates a particular type of literature. ... In popular usage, eccentricity refers to unusual or odd behavior on the part of an individual. ... Constabulary may have several definitions. ... For other uses, see foil. ... The locked room mystery is a sub-genre of detective fiction wherein a murder or other crime is apparently committed under impossible circumstances: no one could have entered or left the scene of the crime, and the death involved could not have been a suicide. ...

Upon its release, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" and its author were praised for the creation of a new profound novelty.^[12] The Pennsylvania Inquirer printed that "it proves Mr Poe to be a man of genius... with an inventive power and skill, of which we know no parallel."^[16] Poe, however, downplayed his achievement in a letter to Philip Pendleton Cooke:^[17]

Poe's role in the creation of the detective story is reflected in the Edgar Awards, given annually by the Mystery Writers of America.^[18] The Edgar Allan Poe Awards (popularly called the Edgars), named after Edgar Allan Poe, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America. ... Mystery Writers of America is an organization for mystery writers, based in New York. ...

Inspiration

The word detective did not exist at the time Poe wrote "The Murders in the Rue Morgue".^[12] Even in fiction, Poe had no precedent for his "tale of ratiocination". The closest example is Voltaire's Zadig (1748), with a main character who performs similar feats of analysis.^[1] Poe may also have been expanding on previous analytical works of his own including the essay on "Maelzel's Chess Player" and the comedic "Three Sundays in a Week".^[16] As for the twist in the plot, Poe was likely inspired by the crowd reaction to an orangutan on display at the Masonic Hall in Philadelphia in July 1839.^[2] The name of the main character may have been inspired from the "Dupin" character in a series of stories first published in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine in 1828 called "Unpublished passages in the Life of Vidocq, the French Minister of Police".^[19] Poe would likely have known the story, which features an analytical man who discovers a murderer, though the two plots share little resemblance. Murder victims in both stories, however, have their neck cut so badly that the head is almost entirely removed from the body.^[20] Dupin actually mentions Vidocq by name, dismissing him as "a good guesser".^[21] For the singer of the same name, see Voltaire (musician). ... Zadig is a famous novel by Voltaire, of a philosophical cast, bearing upon life as in the hands of a destiny beyond our control. ... Maelzels Chess Player (1836) is an essay by Edgar Allan Poe exposing a fraudulent automaton chess player called The Turk, which had become famous in Europe and the U.S. and toured widely. ... September 1839 issue of Burtons Gentlemans Magazine, which included the first publication of The Fall of the House of Usher. Burtons Gentlemens Magazine or, more simply, Burtons Magazine, was a literary publication founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1837. ...

Publication history

Poe originally titled the story "Murders in the Rue Trianon" but renamed it to better associate with death.^[22] "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" first appeared in Graham's Magazine in April of 1841 while Poe was working as an editor. He was paid an additional $56 for it - an unusually high figure; he was only paid $9 for "The Raven".^[23] In 1843, Poe had the idea to print a series of pamphlets with his stories. He printed only one, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" oddly collected with the satirical "The Man That Was Used Up". It sold for 12 and a half cents.^[24] This version included 52 changes from the original text from Graham's, including the new line: "The Prefect is somewhat too cunning to be profound", a change from the original "too cunning to be acute".^[25] "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" was also reprinted in Wiley & Putnam's collection of Poe's stories simply called Tales. Poe did not take part in selecting which tales would be collected.^[26] Fashion plate from an 1849 issue of Grahams Magazine. ... For other uses, see The Raven (disambiguation). ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Polish soldiers reading a German leaflet during the Warsaw Uprising A pamphlet is an unbound booklet (that is, without a hard cover or binding). ... 1867 edition of Punch, a ground-breaking British magazine of popular humour, including a good deal of satire of the contemporary social and political scene. ... The Man That Was Used Up, sometimes subtitled A Tale of the Late Bugaboo and Kickapoo Campaign, is a short story and satire by Edgar Allan Poe. ...

Poe's "sequel" to "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" was "The Mystery of Marie Roget", first serialized in December 1842 and January 1843. Though subtitled "A Sequel to 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue'", "The Mystery of Marie Roget" shares very few common elements with "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" beyond the inclusion of C. Auguste Dupin and the Paris setting.^[27] Dupin reappeared in "The Purloined Letter", which Poe called "perhaps the best of my tales of ratiocination" in a letter to James Russel Lowell in July 1844.^[28] The Mystery of Marie Roget is a story by Edgar Allan Poe written in 1842. ... The Purloined Letter is one of Edgar Allan Poes detective stories. ... James Russell Lowell (b. ...

The original manuscript of "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" which was used for its first printing in Graham's Magazine was discarded in a wastebasket. An apprentice at the office, J. M. Johnston, retrieved it and left it with his father for safekeeping. It was left in a music book, where it survived three house fires before being bought by George William Childs. In 1891, Childs presented the manuscript, re-bound with a letter explaining its history, to Drexel University.^[29] Childs had also donated $650 for the completion of Edgar Allan Poe's new grave monument in Baltimore, Maryland in 1875.^[30] Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of skilled crafts practitioners, which is still popular in some countries. ... Drexel University is an institution of higher learning and research located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... Baltimore redirects here. ...

"The Murders in the Rue Morgue" was one of the earliest of Poe's works to be translated into French. Between June 11 and 13, 1846 "Un meurtre sans exemple dans les Fastes de la Justice" was published in La Quotidienne, a Paris newspaper. Poe's name was not mentioned and many details, including the name of the Rue Morgue and the main characters ("Dupin" became "Bernier"), were changed.^[31] On October 12, 1846, another uncredited translation, renamed "Une Sanglante Enigme", was published in Le Commerce. The editor of Le Commerce was accused of plagiarizing the story from La Quotidienne. The accusation went to trial and the public discussion brought Poe's name into the French public.^[31] is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Plagiarism (disambiguation). ...

Film, TV or theatrical adaptations

"The Murders in the Rue Morgue" has been adapted for film and television many times. The first full-length film adaptation of Poe's story was Murders in the Rue Morgue by Universal Pictures in 1932, directed by Robert Florey and starring Bela Lugosi, Leon Ames, Sidney Fox, and Arlene Francis.^[32] The film was remade as Phantom of the Rue Morgue (1954) by Warner Brothers, directed by Roy Del Ruth and starring Karl Malden and Patricia Medina. A made for TV movie, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, aired in 1986. It was directed by Jeannot Szwarc and starred George C. Scott, Rebecca De Mornay, Ian McShane, and Val Kilmer. Murders in the Rue Morgue is a 1932 (see 1932 in film) horror/Mystery film starring Bela Lugosi and directed by Robert Florey Categories: | | | | | ... Universal Pictures is the main motion picture production/distribution arm of Universal Studios, a subsidiary of NBC Universal. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Robert Florey (14 September 1900, Paris - 16 May 1979, Santa Monica, California) was a French screenwriter, director of short films, and actor who moved to Hollywood in 1921. ... Bela Lugosi as Dracula United States stamp. ... Leon Ames (born January 20, 1902 in Portland, Indiana; died October 12, 1993 in Los Angeles, California), born Leon Waycoff to a Russian family, was an American film actor. ... Sidney Fox (December 10, 1910 - November 14, 1942) was an American actress. ... Arlene Francis (born Arline Francis Kazanjian October 20, 1907 - May 31, 2001) was an American actress, radio talk show host and game show panelist of Armenian and Greek descent. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Warner Bros. ... Roy Del Ruth (October 18, 1893 â€“ April 27, 1961) was a Hollywood film director. ... Karl Malden (born on March 22, 1912) is an Emmy Award-winning, Oscar-winning and Golden Globe-nominated American actor, known for his expansive manner. ... Patricia Medina (19 July 1920- ) is an English-born actress. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Jeannot Szwarc (born 21 November 1939) is a French film director. ... George Campbell Scott (October 18, 1927 - September 22, 1999) was a stage and film actor, director, and producer. ... Rebecca de Mornay (born August 29, 1959) is an American film and television actress. ... Ian McShane (born 29 September 1942) is a Golden Globe-winning English actor. ... Val Edward Kilmer[1] (born December 31, 1959) is an American actor. ...

See also

Rue Morgue is a Canadian magazine dedicated to covering horror in culture and entertainment, taking its name from Edgar Allan Poes The Murders in the Rue Morgue. ... Rue Morgue Radio is the weekly radio offshoot of Rue Morgue Magazine. ...

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Silverman, Kenneth (1991). Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance, Paperback ed., New York: Harper Perennial, 171. ISBN 0060923318.
^ ^a ^b ^c Meyers, Jeffrey (1992). Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 123. ISBN 0815410387
^ ^a ^b Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 354. ISBN 0801857309
^ Whalen, Terance (2001). "Poe and the American Publishing Industry", A Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe, J. Gerald Kennedy, editor. Oxford University Press, 86. ISBN 0195121503
^ Cleman, John (2001). "Irresistible Impulses: Edgar Allan Poe and the Insanity Defense", Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 65 ISBN 0791061736
^ Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 312. ISBN 0801857309
^ Thomas, Peter (2002). "Poe's Dupin and the Power of Detection", The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. Cambridge University Press, 133–134. ISBN 0521797276
^ Kennedy, J. Gerald (1987). Poe, Death, and the Life of Writing. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 120. ISBN 0300037732
^ Silverman, Kenneth (1991). Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance, Paperback ed., New York: Harper Perennial, 172. ISBN 0060923318.
^ Rosenheim, Shawn James (1997). The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet. Johns Hopkins University Press, 75. ISBN 9780801853326
^ Hoffman, Daniel (1972). Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 110. ISBN 0807123218
^ ^a ^b ^c Silverman, Kenneth (1991). Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance, Paperback ed., New York: Harper Perennial, 173. ISBN 0060923318.
^ Sova, Dawn B. (2001). Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 162–163. ISBN 081604161X
^ Van Leer, David (1993). "Detecting Truth: The World of the Dupin Tales" The American Novel: New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, editor. Cambridge University Press, 65. ISBN 0521422434
^ Cornelius, Kay (2001). "Biography of Edgar Allan Poe" in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, Harold Bloom, ed. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 33 ISBN 0791061736
^ ^a ^b ^c Silverman, Kenneth (1991). Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance, Paperback ed., New York: Harper Perennial, 174. ISBN 0060923318.
^ Kennedy, J. Gerald (1987). Poe, Death and the Life of Writing. Yale University Press, 119. ISBN 0300037732
^ Neimeyer, Mark (2002). "Poe and Popular Culture", The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge University Press, 206. ISBN 0521797276
^ Cornelius, Kay (2001). "Biography of Edgar Allan Poe" in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, Harold Bloom, ed. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 31 ISBN 0791061736
^ Ousby, Ian V. K. (December 1972). "'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' and 'Doctor D'Arsac': A Poe Source", Poe Studies, vol. V, no. 2, 52.
^ Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 311. ISBN 0801857309
^ Sova, Dawn B. (2001) .Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 162. ISBN 081604161X
^ Ostram, John Ward (1987). "Poe's Literary Labors and Rewards", Myths and Reality: The Mysterious Mr. Poe. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, 39, 40
^ Ostram, John Ward (1987). "Poe's Literary Labors and Rewards" , Myths and Reality: The Mysterious Mr. Poe. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, 40
^ Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 399. ISBN 0801857309
^ Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 465–466. ISBN 0801857309
^ Sova, Dawn B. (2001). Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 165. ISBN 081604161X
^ Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 430. ISBN 0801857309
^ Boll, Ernest (May 1943). "The Manuscript of 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' and Poe's Revisions", Modern Philology, vol. 40, no. 4, 302.
^ Miller, John C. (December 1974), "The Exhumations and Reburials of Edgar and Virginia Poe and Mrs. Clemm", Poe Studies vii (2): 46–47, <http://www.eapoe.org/pstudies/ps1970/p1974204.htm>
^ ^a ^b Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 517. ISBN 0801857309
^ Sova, Dawn B. (2001). Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 162–163. ISBN 081604161X

The Life and Times of Cotton Mather, by Kenneth Silverman. ... The Life and Times of Cotton Mather, by Kenneth Silverman. ... The Life and Times of Cotton Mather, by Kenneth Silverman. ... The Life and Times of Cotton Mather, by Kenneth Silverman. ... The Life and Times of Cotton Mather, by Kenneth Silverman. ...

External links

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Librivox is a digital library of free public domain audio books, read by volunteers. ... The works of American author Edgar Allan Poe include many poems, short stories, and one novel. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 â€“ October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... Tamerlane is a long poem by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in the 1827 collection Tamerlane and Other Poems. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... Al Aaraaf was written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1829. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: To Helen (Poe, 1831) To Helen is the first of two poems to carry that name written by Edgar Allan Poe. ... Lenore is a poem by the American author, Edgar Allan Poe. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... The City in the Sea is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe that was published in 1845, but dates back to an earlier 1831 version originally titled The Doomed City. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... The Haunted Palace is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... The Conqueror Worm is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe about human mortality and the inevitability of death. ... Lenore is a poem by the American author, Edgar Allan Poe. ... Eulalie, or Eulalie - A Song, is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in the July 1845 issue of the American Review and reprinted shortly thereafter in the August 9, 1845 issue of the Broadway Journal. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... For other uses, see The Raven (disambiguation). ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... Ulalume is a poem written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1847. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... A Dream Within A Dream is a poem written by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1849. ... Gaily bedight, A gallant knight, In sunshine and in shadow, Had journeyed long, Singing a song, In search of Eldorado. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Bells The Bells is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe. ... {NPOV} Annabel Lee is the last complete poem[1] composed by American author Edgar Allan Poe. ... This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of importance. ... Metzengerstein is one of the earliest short stories by American writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe. ... MS. Found in a Bottle is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in the Baltimore Saturday Visiter in 1833. ... Berenice is a short horror story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in the Southern Literary Messenger in 1835. ... Morella is a short story by 19th century American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall (1835) is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in the June 1835 issue of the monthly magazine Southern Literary Messenger, and intended by Poe to be a hoax. ... Ligeia is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe. ... A Predicament is a humorous short story by Edgar Allan Poe, usually combined with its companion piece How to Write a Blackwood Article. ... A Predicament is a humorous short story by Edgar Allan Poe, usually combined with its companion piece How to Write a Blackwood Article. ... The Devil in the Belfry is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Man That Was Used Up, sometimes subtitled A Tale of the Late Bugaboo and Kickapoo Campaign, is a short story and satire by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Fall of the House of Usher is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe. ... William Wilson is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1839. ... The Conversation of Eiros And Charmion is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, an apocalyptic science fiction story first published in Grahams Magazine in 1839. ... The Man of the Crowd is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe about a nameless narrator following a man through a crowded London, first published in 1840. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: A Descent into the MaelstrÃ¶m A Descent into the MaelstrÃ¶m is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... Never Bet the Devil Your Head, often subtitled A Tale With a Moral, is a short story by American author Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1841. ... Eleonora is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1842. ... The Oval Portrait is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe involving the disturbing tale of a portrait in a chateau. ... The Masque of the Red Death is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe and first published in the May 1842 edition of Grahams Ladys and Gentlemans Magazine as The Mask of the Red Death. The story was adapted in 1964 by Roger Corman into a... The Mystery of Marie Roget is a story by Edgar Allan Poe written in 1842. ... This article is about the short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Tell-Tale Heart is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe written in 1843. ... The Gold-Bug is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, set on Sullivans Island, South Carolina. ... The Black Cat is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Spectacles is a short story by Edgar Allen Poe, published in 1850. ... The Premature Burial is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe and published in 1850. ... The Oblong Box is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1844, about a sea voyage and a mysterious box. ... The Angel of the Odd is a 1844 short story written by 19th century author Edgar Allan Poe. ... Thou Art the Man, originally titled Thou Art the Man!, is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1844. ... The Purloined Letter is one of Edgar Allan Poes detective stories. ... The Imp of the Perverse is a short story that begins as an essay written by 19th century American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe. ... The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether is a comedic short story written by American author Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Cask of Amontillado The Cask of Amontillado (sometimes spelled The Casque of Amontillado) is a short story, written by Edgar Allan Poe and first published in the November 1846 issue of Godeys Ladys Book. ... Hop-Frog (originally Hop-Frog; Or, the Eight Chained Ourangoutangs) is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1849. ... Maelzels Chess Player (1836) is an essay by Edgar Allan Poe exposing a fraudulent automaton chess player called The Turk, which had become famous in Europe and the U.S. and toured widely. ... The Philosophy of Furniture is an essay written by American author Edgar Allan Poe published in 1840. ... Morning on the Wissahiccon (1844) is an essay by Edgar Allan Poe describing the natural beauty of Wissahickon Creek in Pennsylvania. ... The Philosophy of Composition is an essay written by Edgar Allan Poe that elaborates a theory about how good writers write when they write well. ... The Poetic Principle is an essay by Edgar Allan Poe, written near the end of his life and published posthumously in 1850 (Poe died in 1849). ... The Balloon-Hoax was a newspaper article written by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket is Edgar Allan Poes only complete novel, published in 1838. ... The Journal of Julius Rodman, Being an Account of the First Passage across the Rocky Mountains of North America Ever Achieved by Civilized Man is an unfinished serial novel by American author Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Conchologists First Book (1839) (sometimes subtitled with Or, A System of Testaceous Malacology) is an illustrated textbook issued in 1839, 1840, and 1845 under Edgar Allan Poes name though the actual author was Thomas Wyatt, an English author and lecturer. ... The Light-House is the last short story written by Edgar Allan Poe. ...

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