Irish Political History series
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Main articles
Kingdom of Ireland
Monarchy in Irish Free State
Royal Titles Act
Image File history File links Ireland-up. ...
Capital Dublin Head of state King of Ireland Kings representative: Variously called Judiciar, Lord Deputy or Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Head of government: Chief Secretary for Ireland Parliament: Irish House of Commons and Irish House of Lords The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the English-ruled...
King George V, the first monarch to reign in the Irish Free State. ...
The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act, 1927 (17 Geo 5, c. ...
Constitutional Structures
King of Ireland
Governor-General
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Governor of Northern Ireland
Royal Assent
Oath of Allegiance
HMG in the Irish Free State
Letters Patent
Henry VIII, became King of Ireland in 1542. ...
The Governor-General (Irish: Seanascal) was the representative of the King in the 1922–1937 Irish Free State. ...
Official standard of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (plural: Lords Lieutenant), also known as the Judiciar in the early mediaeval period and as the Lord Deputy as late as the 17th century, was the Kings representative and head of the Irish executive during the...
The Governor of Northern Ireland was the Crown representative in Northern Ireland. ...
The Viceregal Lodge The residence of two of the three Irish governors-general. ...
The Irish Oath of Allegiance was a controversial provision in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which Irish TDs (members of the Irish parliament) and Senators were required to take, in order to take their seats in Dáil Éireann (The Chamber of Deputies) and Seanad Éireann (the Irish Senate). ...
His Majestys Government in the Irish Free State (HMGIFS) was the formal designation used by the Executive Council (cabinet) of the Irish Free State in formal correspondence it and the United Kingdom or other Commonwealth states. ...
Letters Patent by Queen Victoria creating the office of Governor-General of Australia Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of an open letter issued by a monarch or government granting an office, a right, monopoly, title, or status to someone or some entity such as...
Parties & Organisations
All-for-Ireland League
Cumann na nGaedhael
Irish Parliamentary Party
Ulster Unionist Party
Sinn Féin
The All-for-Ireland League (A.I.L.), was an Irish, Munster based non-sectarian political party (1909-1918). ...
Cumann na nGaedhael (League of the Gaels), sometimes spelt Cumann na nGaedheal,[1] was an Irish language name given to two Irish political parties, the second of which had the greater impact. ...
In 1882 Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, formed the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), replacing the Home Rule League, as a parliamentary party with strict rules. ...
The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP, sometimes referred to as the Official Unionist Party or OUP or, in a historic sense, simply the Unionist Party ) is a moderate unionist political party in Northern Ireland, which formed its government between 1921 and 1972 and was supported by most unionists throughout the Troubles. ...
Sinn Féin (pronounced in English, in Irish) is a name used by a series of Irish political movements of the 20th century, each of which claimed sole descent from the original party established by Arthur Griffith in 1905. ...
Campaigners
Isaac Butt
Henry Grattan
Arthur Griffith
Timothy Michael Healy
Daniel O'Connell
Kevin O'Higgins
Isaac Butt (September 6, 1813 - May 5, 1879) was the founder and first leader of a number of parties and organisations, including the Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society in 1836, the Home Government Association in 1870 and in 1874 the Home Rule League, subsequently known as the Irish Parliamentary Party. ...
Henry Grattan (July 3, 1746 - June 6, 1820) was a member of the Irish House of Commons and a campaigner for legislative freedom for the Irish Parliament in the late 18th century. ...
Arthur Griffith (Art Ó GrÃofa in Irish) (March 31, 1872 – August 12, 1922) was the founder and first leader of Sinn Féin. ...
Timothy Michael Healy Timothy Michael Healy, KC (May 17, 1855–March 26, 1931) was one of the most brilliant and most controversial of Irish politicians, with a career that spanned the period from Charles Stewart Parnells leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party in the 1880s to the foundation of...
Daniel OConnell Daniel OConnell (6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), known as The Liberator or The Emancipator, was Irelands predominant political leader in the first half of the nineteenth century who championed the cause of the down-trodden catholic population. ...
Kevin Christopher OHiggins (Irish name CaoimhÃn CrÃostóir Ó hUiginn; June 7, 1892 – July 10, 1927). ...
Documents & Ideas
Anglo-Irish Empire
Anglo-Irish Treaty
Irish Free State Constitution
Dáil Constitution
Dual Monarchy
External Relations Act
Republic of Ireland Act
The Resurrection of Hungary
Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty, officially called the Articles of association between Ireland and the British Empire, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ...
The Constitution of the Irish Free State was the constitution of the independent Irish state established in December 1922. ...
The Constitution of Dáil Éireann (Irish: Bunreacht Dála Éireann), more commonly known as the Dáil Constitution, was a short, provisional constitution adopted by the First Dáil in January 1919. ...
Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...
The Executive Authority (External Relations) Act, 1936 was an enactment of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) in 1936. ...
The Republic of Ireland Act was an enactment of Oireachtas Éireann passed in 1948, which came into force on April 18, 1949 and which declared that the official description of Ireland was to be the Republic of Ireland. ...
Other Irish movements
Loyalism {{IrishL}}
Irish Nationalism {{IrishN}}
Irish Republicanism {{IrishR}}
Irish Unionism {{IrishU}}
The term Ulster Loyalist is used to describe militant unionists from Northern Ireland. ...
Irish nationalism refers to political movements that desire greater autonomy or the independence of Ireland from Great Britain. ...
Irish Republicanism is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a united independent republic. ...
In the Irish context, Unionists form a group of largely (though not exclusively) Protestant people in Ireland, of all social classes, who wish to see the continuation of the Act of Union, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which the Northern Ireland provincial state created in...
| | The Resurrection of Hungary was a book published by Arthur Griffith in 1904 in which he outlined his ideas for an Anglo-Irish dual monarchy. He proposed that the former kingdoms which had created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800, namely, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland, return to the pre-1800 arrangement whereby they had two governments but a shared king. The policy, which was modelled on Hungary's achievement of equal status with Austria under the Hapsburg emperor/king, became the basis for the policy of Griffith's new Sinn Féin party. He proposed an Anglo-Irish Empire to be the equivalent of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Arthur Griffith (Art Ó GrÃofa in Irish) (March 31, 1872 – August 12, 1922) was the founder and first leader of Sinn Féin. ...
Anglo-Irish was a term used historically to describe middle and upper class inhabitants of Ireland who were the descendants and successors of the Protestant Ascendancy[1], mostly belonging to the Anglican Church of Ireland or to a lesser extent one of the English dissenting churches, such as the Methodist...
Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...
Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital London Language English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy Head of State British monarch Head of Govt. ...
Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital London Head of State King of Great Britain Head of Government Prime Minister Parliament House of Commons, House of Lords The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain (see below), was...
Capital Dublin Head of state King of Ireland Kings representative: Variously called Judiciar, Lord Deputy or Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Head of government: Chief Secretary for Ireland Parliament: Irish House of Commons and Irish House of Lords The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the English-ruled...
Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ...
Sinn Féin (pronounced in English, in Irish) is a name used by a series of Irish political movements of the 20th century, each of which claimed sole descent from the original party established by Arthur Griffith in 1905. ...
Griffith summed up his ideas in the book by comparing the relative status of Hungary vis-a-vis Austria and Ireland vis-a-vis Great Britain:
| | The Hungarians resorted to a manly policy of passive resistance and non-recognition of Austria’s right to rule – the Irish resorted to parliamentarianism, implying recognition of an English right to rule this country. And one nation today is rich, powerful and able to defy her conqueror, while the other is poor, weak and more tightly held in the conqueror’s grasp.[1] | | He advocated a policy of abstentionism from the institutions of the United Kingdom and a return to the Constitution of 1782 agreed between the British government and the Parliament of Ireland in 1782. Image File history File links Cquote1. ...
Image File history File links Cquote2. ...
Abstentionism is the policy of seeking election to a body while refusing to take up the seats or even sitting in an alternative assembly. ...
This article is about the legislature abolished in 1801. ...
Griffith called his new party, Sinn Féin, a “King, Lords and Commons Party.”[2] The Anglo-Irish Empire idea, though strongly associated with Griffith, was not uniquely his creation. As early as the mid 1880s Lord Salsbury, leader of the Conservative Party had contemplated using the 1867 Austro-Hungarian example as a model for a reformed relationship between Britain and Ireland.[3] The Conservative Party is the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting MPs, and the largest by of public membership. ...
From 1917 the party while maintaining its commitment to abstentionism, abandoned Griffith's proposal for having the British monarch on the Irish throne as King of Ireland. Instead it was split between republicans (those associated with the Easter Rising in 1916 and who had subsequently joined Sinn Féin) who advocated the creation of a new republic with an elected head of state, and those who advocated the creation of an Irish monarchy, albeit now with a monarch chosen from any royal house but the House of Windsor. Henry VIII, became King of Ireland in 1542. ...
Combatants Irish Volunteers, Irish Citizen Army, Irish Republican Brotherhood British Army Dublin Metropolitan Police Royal Irish Constabulary Commanders Pádraig Pearse, James Connolly General Sir John Maxwell Strength 1250 in Dublin, c. ...
A Royal House or Dynasty is a sort of family name used by royalty. ...
The House of Windsor, previously called the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, is the Royal House of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the other Commonwealth Realms. ...
In 1917 the party's Ard Fheis adopted a motion committing the party to establishing a republic before holding a referendum on whether to install a monarchy or not, once the monarch chosen was not from the House of Windsor.[4] The party later committed itself unambiguously to supporting a republic. An Ard Fheis is an annual convention, usually of a political party. ...
Given its introduction of the concept of abstentionism, and its formative role in the appearance of Sinn Féin, The Resurrection of Hungary was one of the most influential texts in 20th century Irish history. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
Footnotes
- ^ Griffith's book, quoted by An Taoiseach Bertie Ahern in 2005.
- ^ ibid.
- ^ Peter Berresford Ellis in The Irish Democrat in 2003.
- ^ Ard Fheis, October 1917.
The Taoiseach[1] (plural: Taoisigh) or, more formally, An Taoiseach, is the head of government of the Republic of Ireland and the leader of the Irish cabinet. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Ibid (Latin, short for ibidem, the same place) is the term used to provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the last endnote or footnote. ...
Sources - Arthur Griffith, The Resurrection of Hungary: A Parallel for Ireland (UCD Press, 2003 reprint)
- F.S.L. Lyons, Ireland Since the Famine
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