The Ruin (Ukrainian: Руїна) is a period of Ukrainian history from the death of hetman Bohdan Khmelnitsky in 1657 and until ascension of hetman Ivan Mazepa in 1687. This period is characterised by continuous strife, civil war, and foreign intervention of Ukraine's neighbours. The Ukrainian saying of the time: "Від Богдана до Івана не було гетьмана" (there was no hetman between Bohdan (Khmelnitsky) and Ivan (Mazepa)) — accurately summarises the chaotic events of this period. History of Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Countries inhabited by Slavs (dark green - East Slavs) Distribution of Slavic peoples by language The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic that evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples. ... Kievan Rus′ was the early, mostly East Slavic [1] state dominated by the city of Kiev from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... The Mongol Invasion of Rus was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223. ... Halych-Volhynia, or Halych-Volodymyr, was a large state in Ruthenia (Rus ) which existed in the 13th and 14th centuries. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and PogoÅ„ in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikÅ¡tystÄ—, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ), Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo Litewskie) was an... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... Ukrainian territory was fought over by various factions after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War, which added the collapse of Austria-Hungary to that of the Imperial Russia. ... Ukrainian Peoples Republic (Ukrainian: ), also sometimes translated as Ukrainian National Republic, abbreviated UNR (УНР), was a republic in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura. ... The West Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrainian: or ЗУНР, ZUNR; also translated West Ukrainian Peoples Republic) was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia and included the cities of Lviv, Kolomyya, and Stanislav. ... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Anthem: Ukrainian: Transliteration: Shche ne vmerla Ukrajiny Ukraines glory has not perished Capital Kiev (Kyiv) Largest city Kiev Ukrainian Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Viktor Yushchenko  - Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych Independence from the Soviet Union   - Declared August 24, 1991   - Referendum December 1, 1991   - Finalized December 25, 1991  Area  - Total 603... History of Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Events January 8 - Miles Sindercombe, would-be-assassin of Oliver Cromwell, and his group are captured in London February - Admiral Robert Blake defeats the Spanish West Indian Fleet in a battle over the seizure of Jamaica. ... Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Ukrainian: , Russian: , historically spelled as Mazeppa; circa 1640—August 28, 1709), Cossack Hetman (Ataman) of the Hetmanate in Left-bank Ukraine, in 1687–1708. ... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Ukrainian: , Russian: , historically spelled as Mazeppa; circa 1640—August 28, 1709), Cossack Hetman (Ataman) of the Hetmanate in Left-bank Ukraine, in 1687–1708. ...

Background

The Ruin started after the death of hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky who delivered the country from centuries of Polish domination though years of Wars of Liberation only to enter it into new one with Muscovy. While Khmelnytsky was a charismatic and influential leader, clearly one of the prominent figures in Ukrainian history, he did not, however, establish clear rules of succession and in his will wanted his son Yurii to become the new hetman. Yurii Khmelnytsky was unfortunately not only young and inexperienced but clearly lacked the charisma and the leadership qualities of his father. As a result, he was used as a puppet by different foreign powers and when he ruled on two different occasions the result of his reign was devastating both for him and for the country. Hetman`s coat of arms Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bogdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bohdan Khmelnitsky) ( 1595 – August 6, 1657) was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble of Polish or Ruthenian origin, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Yurii Khmelnytsky Yurii Khmelnytsky (Ukrainian: Юрій Хмельницький) (1641–1685), son of the famous Bohdan Khmelnytsky, was a Cossack political and military leader. ...

Start of Civil War

Out of many contenders for the hetman's office one of the most famous and talented was Ivan Vyhovsky. He was not only a shrewd politician, a general chancellor of the Hetmanate for many years, but a close adviser to Bohdan Khmelnytsky himself. In his will the hetman wanted to see him as Yurii's right hand. Having been elected a hetman himself, in 1657 he was trying to establish a more independent policy from Moscow and found himself in a middle of a civil war, which in many instances was instigated by many of Ukraine's neighbours. In particular, Muscovite military commanders in many of Ukrainian cities supported his contenders for the office and thereby kept civil war growing in intencity and size. Ivan Vyhovsky (Іван Виговський)(reigned 1657-1659) was a hetman (or otoman) of the Ukrainian Cossacks, and the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky (see Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks). ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan of Turkey. ... Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bogdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bohdan Khmelnitsky) ( 1595 – August 6, 1657) was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble of Polish or Ruthenian origin, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for... Events January 8 - Miles Sindercombe, would-be-assassin of Oliver Cromwell, and his group are captured in London February - Admiral Robert Blake defeats the Spanish West Indian Fleet in a battle over the seizure of Jamaica. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... Muscovite layer Muscovite, also known as potash mica, is a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium with formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2. ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ...

In this situation Vyhovsky was forced to enter into negotiations with Poland, a rival of Moscow and a contender for Ukrainian territories which it had lost during the Liberation war of 1648 - 1654. As a result the Treaty of Hadiach was concluded in 1658 with very favourable conditions for Ukraine. Ivan Vyhovsky (Іван Виговський)(reigned 1657-1659) was a hetman (or otoman) of the Ukrainian Cossacks, and the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky (see Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks). ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ... // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ... Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... This is a 19th century design for a COA of a proposed Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth which never came into being. ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by...

At this period Muscovy istself was itself involved in long and protracted war with Poland and was occupying some of its territories. Vyhovsky's alliance with Poland alarmed the Tsar, who treated this as a violation of the Treaty of Pereyaslav and used this as a pretext to send a military force to Ukraine in 1658 to pursue Vyhovsky. In addition to exterminating hetman's supporters, Muscovite army led by Prince Romodanovsky was involved in wide spread robbery and abuse of the local population.[1] Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Pereyaslav Rada The Treaty of Pereyaslav was concluded in 1654 in the Ukrainian city of Pereyaslav during the meeting known as Pereyaslavska Uhoda (Pereyaslav Treaty). ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... Ivan Vyhovsky (Іван Виговський)(reigned 1657-1659) was a hetman (or otoman) of the Ukrainian Cossacks, and the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky (see Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks). ... Muscovite layer Muscovite, also known as potash mica, is a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium with formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2. ...

Even though the Muscovite forces and their allies were routed at the battle of Konotop in 1659, Vyhovsky's rule was doomed mainly because his alliance with the Poles remained very unpopular among general populace and also because he neglected the lower classes of the Ukrainian society and sought support among the rich Cossack elite who were quick to betray him either to Poland or to Moscow. Combatants Ukrainian Cossacks and their allies Muscovy Commanders Ivan Vyhovsky Aleksey Trubetskoy Strength 60 000 150 000 Casualties 4 000 Cossacks, 6 000 Tatars 30 000 The Battle of Konotop (also known as Battle of Sosnivka) is a battle fought between the armies of hetman Ivan Vyhovsky and his allies... // Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ...

Succession of hetmans

What followed was a bloody and destructive civil war during which a number of hetmans tried to establish their rule in different parts of Ukraine. Virtually all of them tried to ally themselves with foreign powers: Muscovy, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Pereyaslav that allied Ukraine with Moscow had been rewritten as Yurii Khmelnytsky was forced to amend the treaty with even more favourable conditions. If alliance with Orthodox Muscovy was not popular with some hetmans, alliance with non-Orthodox powers, such as Poland, Crimea, or Turkey, was even less popular. A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Pereyaslav Rada The Treaty of Pereyaslav was concluded in 1654 in the Ukrainian city of Pereyaslav during the meeting known as Pereyaslavska Uhoda (Pereyaslav Treaty). ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ...

During this period a number of hetmans stayed in power for short periods of time and often controlled only parts of the country:

• Yuhym Somko (1660–1663)
• Yurii Khmelnytsky (1659–1662) (1678-1681)(in the Right-bank Ukraine)
• Pavlo Teteria (1663–1665) (in the Right-bank Ukraine)
• Petro Doroshenko (1665–1672) (in the Right-bank Ukraine)
• Ivan Briukhovetsky (1663-1668)
• Demian Mnohohrishny (1669-1672)
• Mykhailo Khanenko (1669-1674) (in the Right-bank Ukraine)
• Ivan Samoylovych (1672–1687)

With Ivan Mazepa coming to office in 1687 and with stability that followed, the period of the Ruin was effectively over. Yurii Khmelnytsky Yurii Khmelnytsky (Ukrainian: Юрій Хмельницький) (1641–1685), son of the famous Bohdan Khmelnytsky, was a Cossack political and military leader. ... Right-bank Ukraine (Ukrainian: Правобережна Україна Russian: Правобережная Украина; Polish: Prawobrzeżna Ukraina), a... Right-bank Ukraine (Ukrainian: Правобережна Україна Russian: Правобережная Украина; Polish: Prawobrzeżna Ukraina), a... Hetman Petro Doroshenko Ukrainian hryvnia coin depicting Petro Doroshenko Petro Doroshenko (Ukrainian: Петро Дорошенко) (1627–1698) was a Cossack political and military leader, Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1665–1672) and Muscovite voyevoda. ... Right-bank Ukraine (Ukrainian: Правобережна Україна Russian: Правобережная Украина; Polish: Prawobrzeżna Ukraina), a... Right-bank Ukraine (Ukrainian: Правобережна Україна Russian: Правобережная Украина; Polish: Prawobrzeżna Ukraina), a... Ivan Samoylovych was the Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine from 1672 to 1687. ... Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Ukrainian: , Russian: , historically spelled as Mazeppa; circa 1640—August 28, 1709), Cossack Hetman (Ataman) of the Hetmanate in Left-bank Ukraine, in 1687–1708. ... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ...

Sources

• The Ruin (from Ukraine), Encyclopedia Britannica
• Encyclopedia of Ukraine