The plot centers on the prince of Karlsberg who is about to attend Heidelberg University. Even after his attempts to keep secret his royal upbringing fail, the Prince gains friends and the love of the Innkeeper's daughter, Kathie. However, his idylic world comes to an end with the news of his father's death and his ascent to the Kalrsberg throne. Ultimately, the new King faces the political reality that he must wed another, but the audience knows his true love will always be Kathie.
Frequently revived, The Student Prince, has elements of melodrama, but has a definite lack of swashbuckling common to Romberg's other works. The plot is mostly faithful to its source, "Alt Heidelberg" by Wilhelm Meyer-Foerster.
The operetta contains some of the most beautiful, yet grueling, tenor arias in the operetta repetoire. Mario Lanza made many of the songs famous with his movie role and albums.