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The Union
L'Unione
Italian National Coalition
Leader	Romano Prodi
Political ideology	Center-left coalition
Website	http://www.unioneweb.it/
See also	Politics of Italy

The Union (Italian: L'Unione) is an Italian centre-left political party coalition. It is led by Romano Prodi, the current (due to 2006 elections) prime minister of Italy and former president of the European Commission. Image File history File links Current_event_marker. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Logo_unione. ...   (born 9 August 1939) is a centre-left Italian politician. ... In politics, centrism usually refers to the political ideal of promoting moderate policies which land in the middle ground between different political extremes. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Politics of Italy takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... In politics, the term centre-left is commonly used to describe and denote political parties or organisations that stretch from the centre to the left or are moderately left-wing, as opposed to extreme left wing beliefs such as communism. ...   (born 9 August 1939) is a centre-left Italian politician. ... A general election for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy was held on April 9 and April 10, 2006. ... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ... François-Xavier Ortoli, Romano Prodi, José Manuel Barroso and Jacques Delors The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. ...

Parties

The Union is the direct heir of the Olive Tree coalition which represented the centre-left parties in the 1996 and 2001 general elections. However, it also includes sectors of the radical left which were not part of the Olive Tree. For the Italian political alliance see Olive Tree, and the color, olive (color). ... An early national general election was held in Italy on April 21, 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. ... A national general election was held in Italy on May 13, 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. ... Radical Left can refer to: 18th century Radicalism was a separate ideology, which was absorbed into liberalism and socialism. ...

The parties which are currently part of the coalition are:

• Democrats of the Left (Democratici di Sinistra)
• Daisy-Democracy is Freedom (Margherita-Democrazia è Libertà)
• Communist Refoundation Party (Partito della Rifondazione Comunista)
• Federation of the Greens (Federazione dei Verdi)
• Party of Italian Communists (Partito dei Comunisti Italiani)
• Italian Democratic Socialists (Socialisti Democratici Italiani)
• Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani)
• Italy of Values (Italia dei Valori)
• Popular-UDEUR (Popolari-UDEUR)
• The Socialists (I Socialisti)
• Pensioners' Party (Partito dei Pensionati — former member, from February to November 2006, now part of the House of Freedoms right-wing coalition)

The Democrats of the Left (Democratici di Sinistra, DS) is the main Italian left-wing political party, part of the Olive Tree electoral coalition. ... Daisy-Democracy is Freedom (full name in Italian: Democrazia è Libertà – La Margherita: Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy) is a centrist political Party in Italy. ... The Communist Refoundation Party (Italian: Partito della Rifondazione Comunista) is an Italian reformed communist party. ... The Federation of the Greens (Federazione dei Verdi, or just Verdi) is the Italian Green Party. ... The Party of Italian Communists (Italian: Partito dei Comunisti Italiani, also translated into English as Italian Communists Party) is a political party in Italy. ... The Italian Democratic Socialists (Socialisti Democratici Italiani, SDI) is a small social-democratic party of moderate-left policies, heir of the old Italian Socialist Party, born in 1998 by the convergence of the Italian Socialists and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. ... Do not confuse the Italian Radicals with the Transnational Radical Party. ... Italy of Values (Italian: Italia dei Valori, also known as Lista Di Pietro) is a liberal party and anti-corruption political movement in Italy, headed by former magistrate and Mani Pulite campaigner Antonio Di Pietro. ... The Popular-UDEUR (Italian: Popolari-UDEUR) is a small centrist political party in Italy, led by Clemente Mastella. ... The Socialists (Italian: I Socialisti) is a minor Italian political party, born in February 7, 2006, as split of the Socialist Party New PSI wing favourable to a political alliance with The Union and an immediate discontinuance to the ties with the House of Freedoms. ... The Pensioners Party of Italy (Italian: Partito Pensionati) is led by Carlo Fatuzzo. ... Casa delle Libertà, or House of Freedoms in English, is an Italian right of center party alliance led by national media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi. ...

Primary elections

Romano Prodi is the leader of L'Unione, having won the primary elections.

As of 2005, the coalition was actually assumed to be led by Prodi, however he called for a primary election in order to gain an official leadership. Primary elections were a novelty in Italian politics, as the proportional system in place until the early 1990s was supposed to present sufficient variety to electors. With the new majoritarian electoral system, two clear blocks have emerged since 1996. The primary elections for the Union took place on October 16, 2005. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 800 KB) Summary Photo by Beppe Moro Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Romano Prodi Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 800 KB) Summary Photo by Beppe Moro Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Romano Prodi Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A primary election is an election in which voters in a jurisdiction select candidates for a subsequent election (nominating primary). ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Previous primary election in Apulia

Primary elections have never been held on a national level before in Italy, and only once at a regional level, in Apulia: in that occasion, Nichi Vendola, a communist, a Catholic and gay, became the candidate for the centre-left coalition in a region reputed to be conservative and with deep religious roots. The institute of primary election came under criticism from some centre-left moderates, as in their opinion it had produced a useless candidate doomed to failure. However, Vendola's victory against the incumbent governor and centre-right candidate Raffaele Fitto, a much more conventional and moderate young man, vindicated the primary elections in the internal argumentations of the Union. This article is about the Italian region. ... Nichi Vendola, 2004. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ...

Candidates

When the primary elections were first proposed, they were mostly meant as a plebiscite for Romano Prodi, since there were no other candidates to the leadership of the coalition. The secretary of the Communist Refoundation Party, Fausto Bertinotti, then decided to announce he would run for the leadership, even if only as a symbolic candidate, to avoid a one-candidate election. After some time, more candidates were presented. A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Fausto Bertinotti Fausto Bertinotti (born on 22 March 1940) is an Italian politician and leader of the Partito della Rifondazione Comunista. ...

The seven candidates for the leadership of the Union are, in the order in which they appear on the electoral ballot: [1]

• Fausto Bertinotti, secretary of the Communist Refoundation Party.
• Antonio Di Pietro, former anti-corruption prosecutor in the Mani Pulite investigation, leader of Italy of Values.
• Ivan Scalfarotto, a manager living in London and a blogger, runs as an independent candidate. He is openly gay.
• The faceless candidate, formally represented in person by Simona Panzino. This is a symbolic candidate from the anti-globalization movement. Some priests close to these movements were initially suggested for the actual name to place on the ballots, but they were retreated in face of likely backfire from the Holy See.
• Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio, secretary of the Federation of the Greens. Other than environmentalism, he has a civil-rights-oriented and pacifist agenda. He is openly bisexual, and has because of this received threats of rape from the Northern League. [2]
• Romano Prodi, leader of the Olive tree coalition, supported by the largest parties of the Union, former prime minister of Italy and president of the European Commission.
• Clemente Mastella, leader of the Popular-UDEUR party. A former ally of Silvio Berlusconi, he is considered the most Catholic and centrist candidate.

It had been foreseen an easy win for Romano Prodi, with the other candidates running mostly to "measure their strengths" in the coalition, and they often talked about reaching a certain percentage rather than winning. However, there were rumours of supporters of the House of Freedoms trying to participate in the elections, and vote in favour of Mastella, reputed to be the least competent of the candidates and the least likely to win against Berlusconi, other than the most centrist; other rumours indicated such "fake" left-wing voters would vote for Bertinotti, because his leadership would likely lose any grip on the political centre. Fausto Bertinotti Fausto Bertinotti (born on 22 March 1940) is an Italian politician and leader of the Partito della Rifondazione Comunista. ... Antonio di Pietro Antonio Di Pietro (born Montenero di Bisaccia, Italy, October 2, 1950) is an Italian Senator and was a magistrate in the team of the so-called Mani Pulite. Born to a poor rural family of Molise, very young he went Germany to work as a waiter in... Mani pulite (Italian for clean hands) was a nationwide Italian police investigation into political corruption held in the 1990s, following the scandal of Banco Ambrosiano in 1982, which implicated mafia, Vatican Bank and P2. ... Italy of Values (Italian: Italia dei Valori, also known as Lista Di Pietro) is a liberal party and anti-corruption political movement in Italy, headed by former magistrate and Mani Pulite campaigner Antonio Di Pietro. ... Management (from Old French ménagement the art of conducting, directing, from Latin manu agere to lead by the hand) characterises the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization, often a business, through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... . ... Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio (Salerno, March 13, 1959), is an Italian politician. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Northern League (Italian: Lega Nord) is an Italian political party founded in 1991 as a federation of several regional parties in Northern Italy, most of which had arisen, and all of which had expanded their share of the electorate, in the 1980s. ...   (born 9 August 1939) is a centre-left Italian politician. ... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ... François-Xavier Ortoli, Romano Prodi, José Manuel Barroso and Jacques Delors The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. ... Mario Clemente Mastella (born 5 February 1947 in Ceppaloni, Benevento) is an Italian politician. ... The Popular-UDEUR (Italian: Popolari-UDEUR) is a small centrist political party in Italy, led by Clemente Mastella. ...   (born September 29, 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, and media proprietor. ... Casa delle Libertà, or House of Freedoms in English, is an Italian right of center party alliance led by national media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi. ...

The election

The election has been held nationwide on October 16, from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.. The primary election has been opened to all Italian citizens which will be at least 18 for the next general election, plus regular immigrants who lives in Italy for 3 years (it must be noted that immigrants still do not have the opportunity to vote for any other election in Italy), against a payment of (at least) 1 euro, in order to cover all the organizational expenses. Poll stations have been mainly managed on a voluntary basis; they have been hosted mainly in squares, local party quarters, schools, and even restaurants, bars, campers and a hairdresser; some poll stations have been also provided outside the country for Italians abroad. Most of the party leaders claimed a result of 1 million voters would be a good success for the election. The total count was in excess of 4,300,000. October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ... Toms Restaurant, a restaurant in New York made familiar by Suzanne Vega and the television sitcom Seinfeld A restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages to order, to be consumed on the premises. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Camper can be one of several things: an automobile used for camping, see recreational vehicle. ... A hairdresser is someone whose occupation is to cut or style hair, in order to change or maintain a persons image as they desire. ...

Allegations of fraud by Mastella

Clemente Mastella claimed, already on the election day, that too few ballots had been provided in areas where his party is stronger, and that several pre-marked voting papers, pre-marked with votes for Prodi, have been prepared in order to let him lose. No one other than Mastella backed up these claims inside the coalition, and material evidence has not been presented.

Murder of Francesco Fortugno

Francesco Fortugno, vice-president of the Council of Calabria and Daisy member, was murdered by two killers when he was waiting in line to vote in a polling station located in Locri. The act was assumed to have political significance since the murderers killed him on a political occasion and with dozens of witnesses. The administration Fortugno was a part of had previously removed many administrators, and some saw this murder as an act of retribution from the 'Ndrangheta against Agazio Loiero's administration. View in Calabria. ... Locri Epizephyri (epi-Zephyros, under the West wind; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was founded about 680 BC on the Italian shores of the Ionian Sea, near modern Capo Zefirio, by the Locrians, apparently by Opuntii (East Locrians) from the city of Opus, but including Ozolae (West... This article is about witnesses in law courts. ... The Calabrian Ndrangheta (from the Greek word andragathía for heroism and virtue), pronounced en-drang-ay-ta, is one of the most powerful and ruthless mafia organisations in Italy. ...

Results

59,816 poll stations

  (born 9 August 1939) is a centre-left Italian politician. ... Fausto Bertinotti Fausto Bertinotti (born on 22 March 1940) is an Italian politician and leader of the Partito della Rifondazione Comunista. ... Mario Clemente Mastella (born 5 February 1947 in Ceppaloni, Benevento) is an Italian politician. ... Antonio di Pietro Antonio Di Pietro (born Montenero di Bisaccia, Italy, October 2, 1950) is an Italian Senator and was a magistrate in the team of the so-called Mani Pulite. Born to a poor rural family of Molise, very young he went Germany to work as a waiter in... Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio (Salerno, March 13, 1959), is an Italian politician. ...

Reactions

Most reactions in the left-wing were comprehensibly enthusiastic, especially because of the high number of participants. Clemente Mastella, however, accused the organization of rigging the election and having pre-printed ballots in favour of Prodi.

In the right wing, two main attitudes were held: some respected or even hailed the election, others contested its validity and characterised them as propaganda. [3]

• Silvio Berlusconi said the primary elections "are the only way they can win";
• Gianfranco Fini expressed respect for voters, but suggested, on the basis of Mastella's claims, that the results may have been rigged;
• Roberto Maroni from the Northern League said that the elections "deserve respect in any case, but will not solve the centre-left's internal contradictions";
• Roberto Castelli, minister of justice, stygmatised the elections as a "perfect example of soviet-style political campaign: there is no certification of the data purported by the centre-left, and knowing their methods they are certainly inflated".
• The Union of Christian Democrats expressed the most positive judgements from the centre-right, and Bruno Tabacci called for primary elections in the centre-right too, following tensions between his party and Berlusconi, no longer felt to be a strong candidate.

  (born September 29, 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, and media proprietor. ... Gianfranco Fini Gianfranco Fini (born January 3, 1952 in Bologna) is an Italian politician, currently Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in the Government led by Silvio Berlusconi. ... Roberto Maroni (born March 15, 1955 in Varese) is the Italian Minister of Welfare and a member of the Northern League. ... The Northern League (Italian: Lega Nord) is an Italian political party founded in 1991 as a federation of several regional parties in Northern Italy, most of which had arisen, and all of which had expanded their share of the electorate, in the 1980s. ... Roberto Castelli (Lecco 12Th of July 1946) is the current Minister of Justice in italian Government, Senator and a preeminent exponent of Lega Nord party. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Bruno Tabacci (born August 27, 1946) is an Italian politician, member of Italian Chamber of Deputies and member of the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC) party. ...

The 2006 election

After the national primary election which officially appointed Prodi as official PM candidate, the coalition started its preparation for the next general election, to be held in April 9 and 10, 2006. Even because of the new electoral law, which turned the uninominal system to a proportional one, several of the coalition parties made stricter alliances between them. The Olive Tree (a federation of Democrats of the Left, The Daisy and the European Republican Movement), which was already proposed in the 2004 European Election, and the Rose in the Fist, which includes the Italian Democratic Socialists and the Italian Radicals, are the most relevant ones. A general election for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy was held on April 9 and April 10, 2006. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Italian political alliance see Olive Tree, and the color, olive (color). ... The Rose in the Fist is an Italian political federation of parties founded in 2005. ...

Also thanks to the new electoral law, the coalition symbol will not be present in the election, with the exception of the foreign electoral districts.

Senate results for the Union:

The Union (L'Unione)
Party	Votes		%		Seats		Areas contested
Name	Italy	Abroad	Italy	Abroad	Italy	Abroad	Italy	Abroad
Democrats of the Left (Democratici di Sinistra)	5,977,313		17.17		62
Daisy-Democracy is Freedom (Margherita - Democrazia è Libertà)	3,664,622		10.53		39
Communist Refoundation Party (Rifondazione Comunista)	2,518,624		7.24		27
Together with the Union (Insieme con L'Unione)	1,423,226		4.09		11
Italy of Values (Italia dei Valori)	986,046	26,134	2.97		4	0
Rose in the Fist (Rosa nel Pugno)	851,875		2.45		0
Popular-UDEUR (Popolari-UDEUR)	476,938		1.37		3	0
Pensioners' Party (Partito dei Pensionati)	357,731		1.03		0
The Socialists (I Socialisti)	126,625		0.36		0
League for Autonomy-Lombard Alliance (Lega Alleanza Lombarda)	90,943		0.26		0
South Tyrolese People's Party (Südtiroler Volkspartei)	117,500		0.34		2
Consumers' List (Lista Consumatori)	72,139		0.21		1
Olive Tree (L'Ulivo)	59,499		0.17		1
Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano)	57,339		0.16		0
European Republican Movement (Movimento Repubblicani Europei)	51,001		0.15		0
Autonomy Liberty Democracy (Autonomie Liberté Démocratie)	32,553		0.09		1
Aosta Valley (Vallèe d'Aoste)	23,573		0.07		0
Veneto Front League (Liga Fronte Veneto)	23,209		0.07		0
United Democratic Christians (Democratici Cristiani Uniti)	5,399		0.05		0
The Union-South Tyrolese People's Party	198,153		0.57		3
The Union (L'Unione)	27,629	387,145	0.07	44.00	0	4
Total	17,141,937	426,904	49.25	48.47	154	4

The Democrats of the Left (Democratici di Sinistra, DS) is the main Italian left-wing political party, part of the Olive Tree electoral coalition. ... Image File history File links It-demosinist. ... Daisy-Democracy is Freedom (full name in Italian: Democrazia è Libertà – La Margherita: Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy) is a centrist political Party in Italy. ... Image File history File links It-margherita. ... The Communist Refoundation Party (Italian: Partito della Rifondazione Comunista) is an Italian reformed communist party. ... Image File history File links It-rifondazione. ... Electoral symbol Together with the Union () was an electoral coalition in the 2006 Italian Senatorial election. ... Image File history File links It-insieme. ... Italy of Values (Italian: Italia dei Valori, also known as Lista Di Pietro) is a liberal party and anti-corruption political movement in Italy, headed by former magistrate and Mani Pulite campaigner Antonio Di Pietro. ... Image File history File links It-valori. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x628, 34 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): The Union (political coalition) User:Soman/temp7 Template:Italian general election, 2006-Senate-Unione User:Soman/temp8 ... The Rose in the Fist is an Italian political federation of parties founded in 2005. ... Image File history File links It-rosapugno. ... The Popular-UDEUR (Italian: Popolari-UDEUR) is a small centrist political party in Italy, led by Clemente Mastella. ... Image File history File links It-udeurp. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x628, 34 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): The Union (political coalition) User:Soman/temp7 Template:Italian general election, 2006-Senate-Unione User:Soman/temp8 ... The Pensioners Party of Italy (Italian: Partito Pensionati) is led by Carlo Fatuzzo. ... Image File history File links It-pension. ... The Socialists (Italian: I Socialisti) is a minor Italian political party, born in February 7, 2006, as split of the Socialist Party New PSI wing favourable to a political alliance with The Union and an immediate discontinuance to the ties with the House of Freedoms. ... Image File history File links It-isocialisti. ... The League for Autonomy-Lombard Alliance of Italy (Italian: Lega Alleanza Lombarda) is a political party in Italy, especially in the region of Lombardy. ... Image File history File links It-autolom. ... The South Tyrolese Peoples Party (German: Südtiroler Volkspartei) was founded 1945 and is a political party in the South Tyrol region of Italy. ... Image File history File links It-svp. ... The Consumers List (Italian: Lista Consumatori) is a political party in Italy. ... Image File history File links It-listaconsumatori. ... For the Italian political alliance see Olive Tree, and the color, olive (color). ... Image File history File links It-ulivo. ... The Italian Democratic Socialists (Italian: Socialisti Democratici Italiani), or SDI, is a small social democratic party of moderate-left policies, heir of the old Italian Socialist Party and led by Enrico Boselli. ... Image File history File links It-psdi. ... The European Republican Movement (Italian: Movimento Repubblicani Europei) of Italy is a small center left liberal party, part of the Olive Tree coalition and the ALDE group in the European Parliament. ... Image File history File links It-republicanieur. ... Autonomy Liberty Democracy (French: Autonomie Liberté Démocratie) is a political party in Italy, active in Val dAosta. ... Image File history File links It-autlibdem. ... The Valdotanian Union (French: Union Valdôtaine) is a liberal regionalist political party in the Aosta Valley, Italy. ... Image File history File links It-valle. ... Liga Fronte Veneto is a splinter party of the Northern League which claims independence from Italy for the Veneto. ... Image File history File links It-triveneto. ... The United Democratic Christians (Italian: Democratici Cristiani Uniti) is a political party in Italy. ... Image File history File links It-dcu. ... The South Tyrolese Peoples Party (German: Südtiroler Volkspartei) was founded 1945 and is a political party in the South Tyrol region of Italy. ... Image File history File links It-unione-svp. ... Image File history File links It-unione. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x628, 34 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): The Union (political coalition) User:Soman/temp7 Template:Italian general election, 2006-Senate-Unione User:Soman/temp8 ...

External links and references

1. Italian Opposition Holds Primary to Choose Berlusconi Challenger, Voice Of America (retrieved October 16, 2005)
2. Italians Vote to Choose Berlusconi Challenger, The Epoch Times (retrieved October 16, 2005)
3. Centre-left 'primary' huge success, ANSA (retrieved October 16, 2005)
4. (Italian) Mastella: 'Fake primaries, ballot papers already prepared for Prodi', Repubblica.it (retrieved October 16, 2005)
5. Italian politician killed at poll station, Virgin.net (retrieved October 16, 2005)
6. Prodi wins Italian primary, CNN.com (retrieved October 17, 2005)
7. Romano Prodi wins Italian primary, BBC News (retrieved October 17, 2005)
8. L'Unione official website

See also

• Elections in Italy
• House of Freedoms
• Italian general elections, 2006
• Olive Tree
• History of Italy as a Republic
• Politics of Italy
• Primary elections in Italy
• Romano Prodi

Italian political parties (complete version, historical parties)
The Union	Olive Tree (Democrats of the Left - Democracy is Freedom – Daisy) - Communist Refoundation Party Minor: Rose in the Fist (Democratic Socialists - Italian Radicals) - Party of Italian Communists - Italy of Values - Federation of the Greens - Popular–UDEUR Micro: European Republican Movement - Democratic Republicans - Italian Democratic Socialist Party - United Consumers Regional: South Tyrolean People's Party - Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party - Valdotanian Renewal - Southern Democratic Party - Sardinia Project
House of Freedoms	Forza Italia - National Alliance - Union of Christian and Centre Democrats - Northern League Minor: Christian Democracy for the Autonomies - Movement for Autonomy - Pensioners' Party - Tricolour Flame - Social Action Micro: New Italian Socialist Party - Italian Republican Party - Liberal Reformers Regional: Sardinian Reformers - Sardinian People's Party - Sardinian Democratic Union - New Sicily
Others	Micro: Italian Associations in South America - Middle-of-the-Road Italy - Italians in the World Regional: Valdotanian Union - Edelweiss Aosta Valley - Autonomist Federation - Union for South Tyrol - The Libertarians - North-East Project Complete list