| Part of the series on | | Intelligent design | | | | Concepts | | Irreducible complexity
Specified complexity
Fine-tuned universe
Intelligent designer
Theistic realism Intelligent design (ID) is the concept that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. ...
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Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler, or less complete predecessors, and are at the same time too complex to have arisen naturally through chance mutations. ...
Specified complexity is a concept developed by intelligent design proponent William Dembski. ...
The deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. ...
An intelligent designer, also referred to as an intelligent agent, is the entity that the intelligent design movement argues had some role in the origin and/or development of life and who supposedly has left scientific evidence of this intelligent design. ...
| | Intelligent design movement | | Discovery Institute
Center for Science and Culture
Wedge strategy
Critical Analysis of Evolution
Teach the Controversy
Intelligent design in politics
Santorum Amendment The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist campaign that calls for broad social, academic and political changes derived from the concept of intelligent design. ...
The Discovery Institute is a think tank structured as a non-profit foundation, founded in 1990 and based in Seattle, Washington, USA. The stated mission of the organization is to make a positive vision of the future practical. ...
The Center for Science and Culture (CSC), formerly known as the Center for Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), is part of the Discovery Institute, a conservative Christian think tank in the United States. ...
The wedge strategy is a political and social action plan authored by the Discovery Institute, an organization that works to promote a Neo-Creationist religious agenda centering on Intelligent design, and is the hub of the Intelligent design movement. ...
Critical Analysis of Evolution is the slogan of a strategy and campaign by the same name designed and led by the Discovery Institute, originators of the intelligent design movement and its Teach the Controversy campaign. ...
Teach the Controversy is the name of both a strategy and a campaign designed and led by the Discovery Institute[1][2] and other intelligent design (ID) advocates that seek to portray evolution as a theory in crisis with scientists criticizing evolution and that fairness and equal time requires educating...
The intelligent design movement has conducted a far-reaching organized campaign largely in the United States that promotes a Neo-Creationist religious agenda calling for broad social, academic and political changes centering around intelligent design. ...
The Santorum Amendment is a specific amendment to a 2001 education funding bill proposed by Republican United States senator Rick Santorum from Pennsylvania, which relates to the teaching of evolution in U.S. public schools. ...
| | Part of the series on | | Creationism | |
 The Creation of Light by Gustave Doré. Creation refers to the concept that all humanity, life, the Earth, or the universe as a whole was created by a deity (often referred to as God). ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
| | Concepts | | History of creationism
Creation in Genesis
Genesis as an allegory The history of creationism is tied to the history of religions. ...
Creation according to Genesis refers to the description of the creation of the heavens and the earth by God, as described in Genesis, the first book of the Bible. ...
Allegorical interpretations of Genesis is devoted to historical and contemporary non-literal regarding the book of Genesis. ...
| | Christian views | | Day-age creationism
Framework interpretation
Gap Creationism
Intelligent design
Modern geocentrism
Neo-Creationism
Omphalos creationism
Old Earth creationism
Progressive creationism
Theistic evolution
Young Earth creationism
Baraminology Day-Age Creationism, a type of Old Earth Creationism, is an effort to reconcile the literal Genesis account of Creation with modern scientific theories on the age of the Universe, the Earth, life, and humans. ...
The framework interpretation (also known as the literary framework view, framework theory, or framework hypothesis) is an interpretation of the first chapter of the Book of Genesis which holds that the seven-day creation account found therein is not a literal or scientific description of the origins of the universe...
Gap Creationism, also called Restitution creationism or Ruin-Reconstruction, are terms used to describe a particular set of Christian beliefs about the creation of the Universe and the origin of man. ...
Intelligent design (ID) is the concept that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. ...
Modern geocentrism is a belief currently held by certain groups that the Earth is the center of the universe and does not move. ...
Neo-creationism is a movement whose goal is to restate creationism in terms more likely to be well received by the public, policy makers, educators, and the scientific community. ...
The omphalos hypothesis was named after the title of an 1857 book by Philip Henry Gosse in which he argued that in order for the world to be functional, God must have created the Earth with mountains, canyons, trees with growth rings, Adam and Eve with hair, fingernails, and navels...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Progressive creationism is a form of Old Earth creationism that accepts that new species have appeared successively over earths long history but that, to a greater or lesser degree, each species represents a fiat miracle (thus the creationism part), and that the first pair or representatives of species were...
Theistic evolution, less commonly known as evolutionary creationism, is not a theory in the scientific sense, but a particular view about how the science of evolution relates to some religious interpretations. ...
Adam and Eve, the first human beings according to Genesis. ...
In creation biology, Baraminology is the effort to classify created kinds. ...
| | Non-Christian views | | Hindu · Islamic · Jewish
This article examines the concept of creationism as found in Hinduism and movements associated with the concept. ...
Islamic creationism – While contemporary Islam tends to take religious texts very literally, it sees Genesis as a corrupted version of Gods message. ...
In his Guide to the Perplexed, the medieval Sephardic rabbi Maimonides stated, what the Torah writes about the account of creation is not all to be taken literally. ...
| | Controversy | | Creation vs. evolution
Politics of creationism
... in public education
History
Creation science
Teach the Controversy
Associated articles
The creation-evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. ...
The politics of creationism currently primarily concerns what should be taught as science in schools, and what is good science. ...
The legal status of creation and evolution in public education is the subject of a great deal of debate in legal, political, and religious circles, mainly in the United States. ...
1785 - James Hutton presented his theory of uniformitarianism, explaining that the Earth must be much older than previously supposed to allow time for mountains to be eroded and for sediment to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea, which in turn were raised up to become dry land. ...
Creation science refers to the campaign by creationists (especially those who believe in a young Earth) to distort the methods and empirical practices of science, that is, scientific method, to demonstrate that scientific evidence supports a literal interpretation of the biblical account of creation. ...
Teach the Controversy is the name of both a strategy and a campaign designed and led by the Discovery Institute[1][2] and other intelligent design (ID) advocates that seek to portray evolution as a theory in crisis with scientists criticizing evolution and that fairness and equal time requires educating...
The following is a clearinghouse of articles which refer to terms often used in the context of the creation-evolution controversy: // Origins Main article: Origin beliefs The creation-evolution controversy often is cast as a controversy surrounding the origin beliefs. ...
| Theistic realism is a philosophical justification for intelligent design proposed by Phillip E. Johnson in his book, Reason in the Balance. According to Johnson, true knowledge must begin with the acknowledgment of God as creator because he believes that the unifying characteristic of the universe is that it was created by God. Theistic realism, therefore, relies on a God that is real, personal, and acting in the world, through mechanistic creationism. Philosophy (from the Greek words philos and sophia meaning love of wisdom) is understood in different ways historically and by different philosophers. ...
Intelligent design (ID) is the concept that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. ...
Phillip E. Johnson Phillip E. Johnson (born 1940) is a retired UC Berkeley American law professor and author. ...
Personification of knowledge (Greek Επιστημη, Episteme) in Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey. ...
This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ...
The Creation of Light by Gustave Doré. Creation refers to the concept that all humanity, life, the Earth, or the universe as a whole was created by a deity (often referred to as God). ...
Theistic realism was developed by Johnson to be a counter to methodological naturalism. To Johnson, any attempt to understand nature without acknowledging the creator is doomed to fail. As he and his supporters describe it, theistic realism holds that the universe and life cannot be explained completely naturalistically. Methodological naturalism (MN) refers to any method of inquiry or investigation or any procedure for gaining knowledge that limits itself to natural, physical, and material approaches and explanations. ...
Galunggung in 1982, showing a combination of natural events. ...
Scriptural basis
Johnson grounds his argument for theistic realism in several verses in the New Testament and Old Testament of the Bible, particularly John 1:1-3, Romans 1:20-23, and Proverbs 1:7. John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ...
Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ...
This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ...
The Gospel of John is the fourth gospel in the canon of the New Testament, traditionally ascribed to John the Evangelist. ...
The Epistle to the Romans is one of the letters of the New Testament canon of the Christian Bible. ...
The Book of Proverbs is one of the books of the Ketuvim of the Tanakh and of the Writings of the Old Testament. ...
As with much of Johnson's work in the area of science and religion, biblical citations are considered convincing arguments since his audience tends to be theists, and particularly Christians who are on the creationist side of the creation-evolution controversy. This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ...
The creation-evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. ...
Theistic realism and methodological naturalism Johnson argues that mainstream science has been taken hostage by evolutionary philosophy, and therefore it and theistic realism are diametrically opposed, because: This article is about evolution in biology. ...
- "Naturalistic evolutionary theory, as part of the grand metaphysical story of science, says that creation was by impersonal and unintelligent forces. The opposition between the biblical and naturalistic stories is fundamental, and neither side can compromise over it. To compromise is to surrender."
He criticized modern science further: - "[We] collapse into intellectual futility and confusion when we discard the Creator as a remnant of prescientific superstition, but that it is precisely by the 'death of God' that humankind comes of age and becomes ready to receive the truth that Darwinism is all too ready to provide."
To Johnson, most of mainstream science is wrong because of the nearly universal rejection of intelligent design: - "....[T]here is absolutely no mystery about why living organisms appear to be the products of intelligent creation, and why scientific naturalists have to work so hard to keep themselves from perceiving the obvious. The reason living things give that appearance is that they actually are what they appear to be, and this fact is evident to all who do not cloud their minds with naturalistic philosophy or some comparable drug."
Theistic realism and theistic naturalism Johnson asserts that Theistic evolution, progressive creationism, and other more accommodating faith-based philosophies that try to integrate science and religion is a misguided effort by theists to accommodate the academia by "accepting not just the particular conclusions that scientists have reached by also the naturalistic methodology that generated those conclusions." In essence, he criticizes these people for approaching an understanding of the material world as though God didn't exist, but then hold "by faith" that he does. This reasoning draws a strict dichotomy between "faith" and "science" and, according to Johnson, allows for no overlap. Naturally, such a faith is irrelevant to science, and falls to Occam's razor. On the contrary, Johnson argues, Theism can only be rational when we allow for the possibility of God physically acting in history. Here Johnson parallels the arguments made by atheists as to why they do not remain agnostics. Nevertheless, the arguments of many mainstream denominations that accept the scientific consensus on issues of material origins are in stark contrast to Johnson's theological conceits. Theistic evolution, less commonly known as evolutionary creationism, is not a theory in the scientific sense, but a particular view about how the science of evolution relates to some religious interpretations. ...
Progressive creationism is a form of Old Earth creationism that accepts that new species have appeared successively over earths long history but that, to a greater or lesser degree, each species represents a fiat miracle (thus the creationism part), and that the first pair or representatives of species were...
William of Ockham Occams razor (also spelled Ockhams razor) is a principle attributed to the 14th-century English logician and Franciscan friar William of Ockham. ...
For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ...
Agnosticism is the philosophical and theological view that the existence of God, gods or deities is either unknown or inherently unknowable. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Johnson argues that creation biology grounded in theistic realism presents a challenge to philosophical and theistic naturalism: Creation biology,examines biology from a creationist perspective which assumes that God created all life on the planet as described in the Genesis account of Creation, in a finite number of discrete created kinds or baramins. ...
- "I do not urge scientists to give up on any theory or research agenda until they themselves are convinced that further efforts would be fruitless. In view of the cultural importance of the naturalistic worldview, however, and its status as virtually the official philosophy of government and education, there is a need for informed outsiders to point out that claims are often made in the name of science that go far beyond the available evidence. The public needs to learn to discount those claims, and the scientists themselves need to learn how profoundly their interpretations of the evidence are influenced by their metaphysical preconceptions. IF the resulting embarrassment spurs scientists on to greater achievements, leading to a smashing vindication of their basic viewpoint, then so be it."
Criticism of theistic realism Theistic realism as Johnson describes it is an attempt to redefine science outside of naturalistic constraints. The fundamental tenets of science, summarized in the philosophy of science, eschew any appeal to supernatural causes or events. Therefore, adding the theistic assumption as a prerequisite for doing science is fundamentally at odds with the very definition of science. Naturalism is any of several philosophical stances, typically those descended from materialism and pragmatism, that do not distinguish the supernatural (including strange entities like non-natural values, and universals as they are commonly conceived) from nature. ...
Philosophy of science studies the philosophical assumptions, foundations, and implications of science, including the formal sciences, natural sciences, and social sciences. ...
The existence of a god or deity is a question that science alone cannot answer since there is no experiment that can conclusively answer the question. However, since certain descriptions of the hypothesized deity can be and have been scientifically falsified, there is a level to which claims of theistic realists can be tested. For Johnson, using the scientific method to prove or disprove aspects of the omnipotent and omniscient God in which he believes is strictly not permitted. The natural consequence of this is that Johnson rejects any universalist statement made about the primacy of natural laws or mathematical proof since there exist conditions whereby all such things can be violated by God. This is diametrically opposed to the empirical assumption of science and mathematics. As Johnson has it, then, mathematics and science cannot be done on their own terms and must only be realized in the context of his conception of theism. Look up deity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. ...
Omnipotence (literally, all power) is the power to do absolutely anything. ...
Omniscience is the capacity to know everything, or at least everything that can be known. ...
In law, natural law is the doctrine that just laws are immanent in nature (that can be claimed as discovered but not created by such things as a bill of rights) and/or that they can emerge by natural process of resolving conflicts (as embodied by common law). ...
In mathematics, a proof is a demonstration that, assuming certain axioms, some statement is necessarily true. ...
Empirical is an adjective often used in conjunction with science, both the natural and social sciences, which means an observation or experiment based upon experience that is capable of being verified or disproved. ...
As a statement of faith, there is nothing a priori evident in science or in methodological naturalism that requires the rejection of a creator or deity. The existence or lack of existence of a creator is not a fundamental premise for the ability to do scientific research. If the opposite were true, it would be expected that theistic scientists would be more successful than atheistic scientists, but there is no evidence that such is the case. Theistic realism makes the claim that any scientific endeavor which does not explicitly accept a creator as an a priori premise is doomed to failure. This claim can either be considered to be falsified by virtue of the fact that current scientific models are successful at predicitively explaining natural phenomenon without explicitly taking that condition, or it can be considered to be unfalsifiable since the theistic realist can claim the failure to be always on the horizon, though not yet seen (see God of the gaps). Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...
Methodological naturalism (MN) refers to any method of inquiry or investigation or any procedure for gaining knowledge that limits itself to natural, physical, and material approaches and explanations. ...
Falsification may mean: The act of disproving a proposition, hypothesis, or theory. ...
The concept of the God of the gaps contrasts religious explanations of nature with those derived from science (see also Relationship between religion and science). ...
Additionally, Johnson's appeal to design arguments (Johnson was the person who coined the term Intelligent Design) has been rejected in the natural sciences, in biology, for example, it was rejected in favor of Darwinian evolution. Holding that the grandeur of the universe leads inevitably to the existence of a deity is a statement of faith, and as such is not an empirical observation. A teleological argument (or a design argument) is an argument for the existence of God or a creator based on perceived evidence of order, purpose, design and/or direction in nature. ...
Intelligent design (ID) is the concept that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
This article is about biological evolution. ...
Empirical is an adjective often used in conjunction with science, both the natural and social sciences, which means an observation or experiment based upon experience that is capable of being verified or disproved. ...
| Topics about or related to Creationism | | Types: Creationism - Young Earth Creationism - Old Earth creationism - Progressive creationism - Theistic evolution - Intelligent design | | Interpretations of Genesis: Framework interpretation - Day-Age theory - Gap theory - Biblical literalism | | Related concepts: Creation according to Genesis - Omphalos hypothesis - Specified complexity - Irreducible complexity - Dating Creation - Theistic realism - Intelligent designer | | Pseudoscience: Creation science - Creationist cosmologies - Creation biology - Created kinds - Flood geology - Vapor canopy - Modern geocentrism - Flat Earth creationism | | Controversy: Creation-evolution controversy - History of creationism - Creation and evolution in public education - Quotes about creation and evolution - Teach the Controversy Creation (theology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
The Creation of Light by Gustave Doré. Creation refers to the concept that all humanity, life, the Earth, or the universe as a whole was created by a deity (often referred to as God). ...
Adam and Eve, the first human beings according to Genesis. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Progressive creationism is a form of Old Earth creationism that accepts that new species have appeared successively over earths long history but that, to a greater or lesser degree, each species represents a fiat miracle (thus the creationism part), and that the first pair or representatives of species were...
Theistic evolution, less commonly known as evolutionary creationism, is not a theory in the scientific sense, but a particular view about how the science of evolution relates to some religious interpretations. ...
Intelligent design (ID) is the concept that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. ...
The framework interpretation (also known as the literary framework view, framework theory, or framework hypothesis) is an interpretation of the first chapter of the Book of Genesis which holds that the seven-day creation account found therein is not a literal or scientific description of the origins of the universe...
Day-Age Creationism, a type of Old Earth Creationism, is an effort to reconcile the literal Genesis account of Creation with modern scientific theories on the age of the Universe, the Earth, life, and humans. ...
Gap Creationism, also called Restitution creationism or Ruin-Reconstruction, are terms used to describe a particular set of Christian beliefs about the creation of the Universe and the origin of man. ...
Biblical literalism is the adherence to the explicit and literal sense of the Bible. ...
Creation according to Genesis refers to the description of the creation of the heavens and the earth by God, as described in Genesis, the first book of the Bible. ...
The omphalos hypothesis was named after the title of an 1857 book by Philip Henry Gosse in which he argued that in order for the world to be functional, God must have created the Earth with mountains, canyons, trees with growth rings, Adam and Eve with hair, fingernails, and navels...
Specified complexity is a concept developed by intelligent design proponent William Dembski. ...
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler, or less complete predecessors, and are at the same time too complex to have arisen naturally through chance mutations. ...
Cultures throughout history have believed the world formed or was formed at some time in the past, so methods of dating Creation have involved analysing scriptures and some physical data. ...
An intelligent designer, also referred to as an intelligent agent, is the entity that the intelligent design movement argues had some role in the origin and/or development of life and who supposedly has left scientific evidence of this intelligent design. ...
Creation science refers to the campaign by creationists (especially those who believe in a young Earth) to distort the methods and empirical practices of science, that is, scientific method, to demonstrate that scientific evidence supports a literal interpretation of the biblical account of creation. ...
Creationist cosmologies are pseudoscientific arguments by various creationists that a significant portion of the observable universe is a few thousands of years old, and as such, run contrary to the Big Bang Theory, which states that all of the universe is billions of years old. ...
Creation biology,examines biology from a creationist perspective which assumes that God created all life on the planet as described in the Genesis account of Creation, in a finite number of discrete created kinds or baramins. ...
In creation biology, created kinds are believed to be the original forms of life as they were created by God. ...
Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is a creationist perspective on geologic phenomena which assumes the literal truth of the Great Flood described in Genesis. ...
The vapor canopy is an idea adopted by many Creationists which states that before the Great Flood the earth was surrounded by a canopy of water in either liquid, solid, or gas form, and that the water from the canopy contributed greatly to the flood waters. ...
Modern geocentrism is a belief currently held by certain groups that the Earth is the center of the universe and does not move. ...
The Flat Earth Society is an organization first based in England and later in Lancaster, California that advocates the belief that the Earth is not a sphere but is flat (see also Flat Earth). ...
The creation-evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. ...
The history of creationism is tied to the history of religions. ...
The legal status of creation and evolution in public education is the subject of a great deal of debate in legal, political, and religious circles, mainly in the United States. ...
Teach the Controversy is the name of both a strategy and a campaign designed and led by the Discovery Institute[1][2] and other intelligent design (ID) advocates that seek to portray evolution as a theory in crisis with scientists criticizing evolution and that fairness and equal time requires educating...
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