 The relationship between the major subfields of theoretical linguistics Theoretical linguistics is the branch of linguistics that is most concerned with developing models of linguistic knowledge. Part of this endeavor involves the search for and explanation of linguistic universals, that is, properties all languages have in common. The fields that are generally considered the core of theoretical linguistics are syntax, phonology, morphology, and semantics. Although phonetics often informs phonology, it is often excluded from the purview of theoretical linguistics, along with psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. Theoretical Linguistics is an international peer-reviewed journal of theoretical linguistics published by Mouton de Gruyter. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ...
A linguistic universal is a statement that is true for all natural languages. ...
For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ...
Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages). ...
For other uses, see Morphology. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of the sounds of human speech. ...
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language. ...
Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context on the way language is used. ...
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ...
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of the sounds of human speech. ...
Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages). ...
For other uses, see Morphology. ...
For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ...
In linguistics, the lexis of a language is the entire store of its lexical items. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Lexical semantics is a field in computer science and linguistics which deals mainly with word meaning. ...
Statistical Semantics is the study of how the statistical patterns of human word usage can be used to figure out what people mean, at least to a level sufficient for information access (Furnas, 2006). ...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
Prototype Theory is a model of graded categorization in Cognitive Science, where some members of a category are more central than others. ...
Pragmatics is the study of the ability of natural language speakers to communicate more than that which is explicitly stated. ...
Applied linguistics is the branch of linguistics concerned with using linguistic theory to address real-world problems. ...
Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics Language acquisition is the process by which the language capability develops in a human. ...
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language. ...
Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context on the way language is used. ...
Linguistic anthropology is that branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of semiotic and particularly linguistic forms and processes (on both small and large scales) to the interpretation of sociocultural processes (again on small and large scales). ...
Generative linguistics is a school of thought within linguistics that makes use of the concept of a generative grammar. ...
In linguistics and cognitive science, cognitive linguistics (CL) refers to the currently dominant school of linguistics that views the important essence of language as innately based in evolutionarily-developed and speciated faculties, and seeks explanations that advance or fit well into the current understandings of the human mind. ...
Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and logical modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Historical linguistics (also diachronic linguistics or comparative linguistics) is primarily the study of the ways in which languages change over time. ...
Comparative linguistics (originally comparative philology) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages in order to establish their historical relatedness. ...
Not to be confused with Entomology, the scientific study of insects. ...
Stylistics is the study of style used in literary, and verbal language and the effect the writer/speaker wishes to communicate to the reader/hearer. ...
In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...
Corpus linguistics is the study of language as expressed in samples (corpora) or real world text. ...
Efforts to describe and explain the human language faculty have been undertaken throughout recorded history. ...
A linguist in the academic sense is a person who studies linguistics. ...
Unsolved problems in : Note: Use the unsolved tag: {{unsolved|F|X}}, where F is any field in the sciences: and X is a concise explanation with or without links. ...
Major fields - Further information: grammar, formal grammar, and grammar framework
For the rules of English grammar, see English grammar and Disputes in English grammar. ...
In computer science and linguistics, a formal grammar, or sometimes simply grammar, is a precise description of a formal language — that is, of a set of strings. ...
In theoretical linguistics, the following fundamental approaches towards constructing grammar frameworks for natural languages are distinguished: Generative grammar: algorithmic (phrase structure grammars) Transformational grammar (1960s) Generalised phrase structure grammar (late 1970s) Head-driven phrase structure grammar (1985) Principles and parameters (1980s) Lexical functional grammar Categorial grammar (lambda calculus) Montague grammar...
Phonetics Phonetics is the study of speech sounds with concentration on three main points : Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of the sounds of human speech. ...
- Articulation : the production of speech sounds in human speech organs.
- Perception : the way human ears respond to speech signals, how the human brain analyses them.
- Acoustic features : physical characteristics of speech sounds such as color, loudness, amplitude, frequency etc.
According to this definition, phonetics can also be called linguistic analysis of human speech at the surface level. That is one obvious difference from phonology, which concerns the structure and organisation of speech sounds in natural languages, and furthermore has a theoretical and abstract nature. One example can be made to illustrate this distinction: In English, the suffix -s can represent either [s], [z] or can be silent (symbolised as ø) depending on context. Articulation may refer to several topics: In speech, linguistics, and communication: Topic-focus articulation Articulation score Place of articulation Manner of articulation In music: Musical articulations (staccato, legato, etc) In education: Articulation (education) In sociology: Articulation (sociology) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages...
In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. ...
The human brain In animals, the brain (enkephalos) (Greek for in the skull), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. ...
The horizontal axis shows frequency in Hz Loudness is the quality of a sound that is the primary psychological correlate of physical intensity. ...
It has been suggested that pulse amplitude be merged into this article or section. ...
For other uses, see Frequency (disambiguation). ...
Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages). ...
Orthographic representation : S, s Phonetic features: Phonetic representations: [s], [z], ø Perception through the ear: high frequency sounds accompanied by a hissing noise. Acoustic features: Frequency : 8000 - 11000 Hz Color : similar to the hissing noise made by snakes. Phonological characteristics : Occurrence : beginning, middle or end of words. Accompanied by vowels or consonants. Distinguishes meanings of words depending on context: s''low ≠ g''low
Articulatory phonetics The field of articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics. In studying articulation, phoneticians attempt to document how humans produce speech sounds (vowels and consonants). That is, articulatory phoneticians are interested in how the different structures of the vocal tract, called the articulators (tongue, lips, jaw, palate, teeth etc.), interact to create the specific sounds. The field of articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics. ...
Articulation may refer to several topics: In speech, linguistics, and communication: Topic-focus articulation Articulation score Place of articulation Manner of articulation In music: Musical articulations (staccato, legato, etc) In education: Articulation (education) In sociology: Articulation (sociology) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages...
Auditory phonetics Auditory phonetics is a branch of phonetics concerned with the hearing, acquisition and comprehension of phonetic sounds of words of a language. As articulatory phonetics explores the methods of sound production, auditory phonetics explores the methods of reception--the ear to the brain, and those processes. Auditory phonetics is a branch of phonetics concerned with the hearing, acquisition and comprehension of phonetic sounds of words of a language. ...
Acoustic phonetics Acoustic phonetics is a subfield of phonetics which deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds. Acoustic phonetics investigates properties like the mean squared amplitude of a waveform, its duration, its fundamental frequency, or other properties of its frequency spectrum, and the relationship of these properties to other branches of phonetics (e.g. articulatory or auditory phonetics), and to abstract linguistic concepts like phones, phrases, or utterances. Acoustic phonetics is a subfield of phonetics which deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds. ...
Phonology
Phonology is the study of language sounds (Ottenheimer, 34). Phonology is divided into two separate studies; Phonetics and Phonemics. Phonetics is what depicts the sounds we hear. It calls attention to the smallest details in language sounds. There are three kinds of phonetics; Acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics, and articulatory phonetics. Acoustic phonetics deals with the physical properties of sound. What sounds exactly are coming from the person speaking. Auditory phonetics deals with how the sounds are percieved. Exactly what the person hearing the sounds is percieving. Finally, articulatory phoentics studies how the speech sounds are produced. This is what describes the actual sounds in detail. It is also known as descriptive phonetics (Ottenheimer, 36-37). Phonemics studies how the sounds are used. It analyzes the way sounds are arranged in languages and helps you to hear what sounds are important in a language (Ottenheimer, 46-47). It helps one to understand the culture behind the language. The unit of analysis for phonemics is called phonemes. "A phoneme is a sound that functions to distinguish one word from another in a language," (Ottenheimer, 47). For example, how we distinguish the english word tie from the word die. The sounds that differintiates two words are [t], and [d] (Ottenheimer, 47).
== References ==
Ottenheimer, H.J. (2006). The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology.Canada: Thomas Wadsworth.
Morphology Morphology is the study of word structure. For example, in the sentences The dog runs and The dogs run, the word forms runs and dogs have an affix -s added, distinguishing them from the bare forms dog and run. Adding this suffix to a nominal stem gives plural forms, adding it to verbal stems restricts the subject to third person singular. Some morphological theories operate with two distinct suffixes -s, called allomorphs of the morphemes Plural and Third person singular, respectively. Languages differ with respect to their morphological structure. Along one axis, we may distinguish analytic languages, with few or no affixes or other morphological processes from synthetic languages with many affixes. Along another axis, we may distinguish agglutinative languages, where affixes express one grammatical property each, and are added neatly one after another, from fusional languages, with non-concatenative morphological processes (infixation, umlaut, ablaut, etc.) and/or with less clear-cut affix boundaries. For other uses, see Morphology. ...
In linguistics, morphology is the study of word structure. ...
In linguistics, a noun or noun substantive is a lexical category which is defined in terms of how its members combine with other grammatical kinds of expressions. ...
It has been suggested that Verbal agreement be merged into this article or section. ...
According to a tradition that can be tracked back to Aristotle, every sentence can be divided in two main constituents, one being the subject of the sentence and the other being its predicate. ...
This article is about a lingustic term. ...
In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest lingual unit that carries a semantic interpretation. ...
An analytic language is any language where syntax and meaning are shaped more by use of particles and word order than by inflection. ...
A synthetic language, in linguistic typology, is a language with a high morpheme-per-word ratio. ...
It has been suggested that Agglutination be merged into this article or section. ...
A fusional language (also called inflecting language) is a type of synthetic language, distinguished from agglutinative languages by its tendency to squish together many morphemes in a way which can be difficult to segment. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
In linguistics, umlaut (from German um- around/the other way + Laut sound) is a process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a vowel or semivowel in a following syllable. ...
In linguistics, the term ablaut (from German ab- in the sense down, reducing + Laut sound) designates a system of vowel gradations in Proto-Indo-European and its far-reaching consequences in all of the modern Indo-European languages. ...
Syntax Syntax is the study of language structure and word order. It is concerned with the relationship between units at the level of words or morphology. Syntax seeks to delineate exactly all and only those sentences which make up a given language, using native speaker intuition. Syntax seeks to describe formally exactly how structural relations between elements (lexical items/words and operators) in a sentence contribute to its interpretation. Syntax uses principles of formal logic and Set Theory to formalize and represent accurately the hierarchical relationship between elements in a sentence. Abstract syntax trees are often used to illustrate the hierarchical structures that are posited. Thus, in active declarative sentences in English the subject is followed by the main verb which in turn is followed by the object (SVO). This order of elements is crucial to its correct interpretation and it is exactly this which syntacticians try to capture. They argue that there must be such a formal computational component contained within the language faculty of normal speakers of a language and seek to describe it. For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ...
In computer science, an abstract syntax tree (AST) is a finite, labeled, directed tree, where the internal nodes are labeled by operators, and the leaf nodes represent the operands of the node operators. ...
Semantics Semantics is the study of intensive meaning in words and sentences. The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Semantics can be expressed through diction (word choice) and inflexion. Inflexion may be conveyed through an author's tone in writing and a speaker's tone of voice, changing pitch and stress of words to influence meaning. Diction, in its original and primary meaning, is the term for a writer or speakers distinctive choices in vocabulary and style of expression. ...
This article is about inflection in linguistics. ...
See also |
Feeds |
Contact