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Encyclopedia > Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page)

<< Chemical elements data references Recommended values for many properties of the elements, together with various references, are collected on these data pages. ...

Contents


Thermal expansion

×10-6 m · m−1 · K−1
3 Li lithium
use 46
CRC 46
LNG 46
WEL 46
4 Be beryllium
use 11.3
CRC 11.3
LNG 11.3
WEL 11.3
5 B boron
use 5–7
LNG 5–7
WEL 6
6 C carbon
use
WEL 7.1
11 Na sodium
use 71
CRC 71
LNG 71
WEL 71
12 Mg magnesium
use 24.8
CRC 24.8
LNG 24.8
WEL 8.2
13 Al aluminium
use 23.1
CRC 23.1
LNG 23.1
WEL 23.1
14 Si silicon
use 2.6
WEL 2.6
19 K potassium
use 83.3
CRC 83.3
20 Ca calcium
use 22.3
CRC 22.3
LNG 22.3
WEL 22.3
21 Sc scandium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
CRC 10.2
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
LNG 10.2
WEL 10.2
22 Ti titanium
use 8.6
CRC 8.6
LNG 8.6
WEL 8.6
23 V vanadium
use 8.4
CRC 8.4
LNG 8.4
WEL 8.4
24 Cr chromium
use 4.9
CRC 4.9
LNG 4.9
WEL 4.9
25 Mn manganese
use 21.7
CRC 21.7
LNG 21.7
WEL 21.7
26 Fe iron
use 11.8
CRC 11.8
LNG 11.8
WEL 11.8
27 Co cobalt
use 13.0
CRC 13.0
LNG 13.0
WEL 13.0
28 Ni nickel
use 13.4
CRC 13.4
LNG 13.4
WEL 13.4
29 Cu copper
use 16.5
CRC 16.5
LNG 16.5
WEL 16.5
30 Zn zinc
use 30.2
CRC 30.2
LNG 30.2
WEL 30.2
31 Ga gallium
use
CRC 18
LNG 120
WEL 120
32 Ge germanium
use 6.0
LNG 6.0
WEL 6
34 Se selenium
use (amorphous) 37
LNG (amorphous) 37
38 Sr strontium
use 22.5
CRC 22.5
LNG 22.5
WEL 22.5
39 Y yttrium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
CRC 10.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
LNG 10.6
WEL 10.6
40 Zr zirconium
use 5.7
CRC 5.7
LNG 5.7
WEL 5.7
41 Nb niobium
use 7.3
CRC 7.3
LNG 7.3
WEL 7.3
42 Mo molybdenum
use 4.8
CRC 4.8
LNG 4.8
WEL 4.8
44 Ru ruthenium
use 6.4
CRC 6.4
LNG 6.4
WEL 6.4
45 Rh rhodium
use 8.2
CRC 8.2
LNG 8.2
WEL 8.2
46 Pd palladium
use 11.8
CRC 11.8
LNG 11.8
WEL 11.8
47 Ag silver
use 18.9
CRC 18.9
LNG 18.9
WEL 18.9
48 Cd cadmium
use 30.8
CRC 30.8
LNG 30.8
WEL 30.8
49 In indium
use 32.1
CRC 32.1
LNG 32.1
WEL 32.1
50 Sn tin
use 22.0
CRC 22.0
LNG 22.0
WEL 22
51 Sb antimony
use 11.0
CRC 11.0
LNG 11.0
WEL 11
55 Cs caesium
use 97
CRC 97
56 Ba barium
use 20.6
CRC 20.6
LNG 20.6
WEL 20.6
57 La lanthanum
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
CRC 12.1
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
LNG 12.1
WEL 12.1
58 Ce cerium
use (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
CRC 6.3
CR2 (room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3
CR2 (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
LNG 6.3
WEL 6.3
59 Pr praseodymium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
CRC 6.7
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
LNG 6.7
WEL 6.7
60 Nd neodymium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
CRC 9.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
LNG 9.6
WEL 9.6
61 Pm promethium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
CRC est. 11
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
LNG est. 11
WEL 11
62 Sm samarium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
CRC 12.7
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
LNG 12.7
WEL 12.7
63 Eu europium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
CRC 35.0
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
LNG 35.0
WEL 35
64 Gd gadolinium
use (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
CRC (100 °C) 9.4
CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1
CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0
CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
LNG (100 °C) 9.4
WEL 9.4
65 Tb terbium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
CRC 10.3
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
LNG 10.3
WEL 10.3
66 Dy dysprosium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
CRC 9.9
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
LNG 9.9
WEL 9.9
67 Ho holmium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
CRC 11.2
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
LNG 11.2
WEL 11.2
68 Er erbium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
CRC 12.2
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
LNG 12.2
WEL 12.2
69 Tm thulium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
CRC 13.3
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
LNG 13.3
WEL 13.3
70 Yb ytterbium
use (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
CRC 26.3
CR2 (room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3
CR2 (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
LNG 26.3
WEL 26.3
71 Lu lutetium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
CRC 9.9
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
LNG 9.9
WEL 9.9
72 Hf hafnium
use 5.9
CRC 5.9
LNG 5.9
WEL 5.9
73 Ta tantalum
use 6.3
CRC 6.3
LNG 6.3
WEL 6.3
74 W tungsten
use 4.5
CRC 4.5
LNG 4.5
WEL 4.5
75 Re rhenium
use 6.2
CRC 6.2
LNG 6.2
WEL 6.2
76 Os osmium
use 5.1
CRC 5.1
LNG 5.1
WEL 5.1
77 Ir iridium
use 6.4
CRC 6.4
LNG 6.4
WEL 6.4
78 Pt platinum
use 8.8
CRC 8.8
LNG 8.8
WEL 8.8
79 Au gold
use 14.2
CRC 14.2
LNG 14.2
WEL 14.2
80 Hg mercury
use 60.4
CRC 60.4
81 Tl thallium
use 29.9
CRC 29.9
LNG 29.9
WEL 29.9
82 Pb lead
use 28.9
CRC 28.9
LNG 28.9
WEL 28.9
83 Bi bismuth
use 13.4
CRC 13.4
LNG 13.4
WEL 13.4
84 Po polonium
use 23.5
CRC 23.5
90 Th thorium
use 11.0
CRC 11.0
LNG 11.1
WEL 11.0
92 U uranium
use 13.9
CRC 13.9
LNG 13.9
WEL 13.9
94 Pu plutonium
use 46.7
CRC 46.7
LNG 46.7

General Name, Symbol, Number lithium, Li, 3 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 2, s Appearance silvery white/gray Atomic mass 6. ... General Name, Symbol, Number beryllium, Be, 4 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 2, s Appearance white-gray metallic Atomic mass 9. ... It has been suggested that Boriding be merged into this article or section. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ... General Name, Symbol, Number magnesium, Mg, 12 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 24. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 3, p Appearance dark gray, bluish tinge Atomic mass 28. ... General Name, Symbol, Number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 39. ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ... General Name, Symbol, Number scandium, Sc, 21 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 3, 4, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 44. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... General Name, Symbol, Number vanadium, V, 23 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 4, d Appearance gray-white metal Atomic mass 50. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 51. ... General Name, Symbol, Number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 54. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number cobalt, Co, 27 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 9, 4, d Appearance metallic with gray tinge Atomic mass 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic Atomic mass 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Atomic mass 63. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gallium, Ga, 31 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 4, p Appearance silvery white   Atomic mass 69. ... General Name, Symbol, Number germanium, Ge, 32 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 4, p Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 72. ... SE redirects here. ... General Name, Symbol, Number strontium, Sr, 38 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 5, s Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 87. ... General Name, Symbol, Number yttrium, Y, 39 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 3, 5, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 88. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zirconium, Zr, 40 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 5, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 91. ... General Name, Symbol, Number niobium, Nb, 41 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 92. ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 95. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Ruthenium, Ru, 44 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 101. ... Rh redirects here. ... General Name, Symbol, Number palladium, Pd, 46 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 106. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... General Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 112. ... General Name, Symbol, Number indium, In, 49 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 114. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ... General Name, Symbol, Number antimony, Sb, 51 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous grey Atomic mass 121. ... General Name, Symbol, Number caesium, Cs, 55 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 6, s Appearance silvery gold Atomic mass 132. ... General Name, Symbol, Number barium, Ba, 56 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 6, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 137. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lanthanum, La, 57 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block 3, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 138. ... General Name, Symbol, Number cerium, Ce, 58 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 140. ... For other meanings of the abbreviation Pr or PR, see Pr and PR. General Name, Symbol, Number praseodymium, Pr, 59 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white, yellowish tinge Atomic mass 140. ... General Name, Symbol, Number neodymium, Nd, 60 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white, yellowish tinge Atomic mass 144. ... General Name, Symbol, Number promethium, Pm, 61 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance metallic Atomic mass [145](0) g/mol Electron configuration [Xe] 4f5 6s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... General Name, Symbol, Number samarium, Sm, 62 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 150. ... General Name, Symbol, Number europium, Eu, 63 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 151. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gadolinium, Gd, 64 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 157. ... General Name, Symbol, Number terbium, Tb, 65 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 158. ... General Name, Symbol, Number dysprosium, Dy, 66 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 162. ... General Name, Symbol, Number holmium, Ho, 67 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 164. ... General Name, Symbol, Number erbium, Er, 68 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 167. ... General Name, Symbol, Number thulium, Tm, 69 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery gray Atomic mass 168. ... General Name, Symbol, Number ytterbium, Yb, 70 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 173. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lutetium, Lu, 71 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 174. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hafnium, Hf, 72 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 6, d Appearance gray steel Atomic mass 178. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tantalum, Ta, 73 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 6, d Appearance gray blue Atomic mass 180. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tungsten, W, 74 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 6, d Appearance grayish white, lustrous Atomic mass 183. ... General Name, Symbol, Number rhenium, Re, 75 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 6, d Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 186. ... General Name, Symbol, Number osmium, Os, 76 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 6, d Appearance silvery, blue cast Atomic mass 190. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iridium, Ir, 77 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 9, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 192. ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 195. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 200. ... General Name, Symbol, Number thallium, Tl, 81 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 6, p Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 204. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish white Atomic mass 207. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bismuth, Bi, 83 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 15, 6, p Appearance lustrous reddish white Atomic mass 208. ... General Name, Symbol, Number polonium, Po, 84 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 16, 6, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass (209) g/mol Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... General Name, Symbol, Number thorium, Th, 90 Chemical series Actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 232. ... General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Atomic mass 238. ... General Name, Symbol, Number plutonium, Pu, 94 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass (244) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f6 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ...

Notes

All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.


References

CRC

As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals

  • Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1975.

CR2

As quoted in an online version of:

  • David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals

which further refers to:

  • Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
  • McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.

LNG

As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements

  • Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.

WEL

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

  • D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
  • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
  • G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
  • J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.

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A chemical element is a substance that cannot be divided or changed into different substances by ordinary chemical methods.
The smallest particle of such an element is an atom, which consists of electrons centered around a nucleus of protons and neutrons.
This page was last modified 05:24, 20 March 2006.
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