FACTOID # 84: 41% world's poor people live in India.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS    Advanced view

Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 

 

(* = Graphable)

 

 


Encyclopedia > Thermodynamic equations
Jump to: navigation, search
Articles relating to Thermodynamic equations
Exact differential
Bridgman's equations
Maxwell relations
Thermodynamic potentials
(edit)

In thermodynamics, there are a large number of equations relating the various thermodynamic quantities. Some of the most common thermodynamic quantites are: In mathematics, both in vector calculus and in differential topology, the concepts of closed form and exact form are defined for differential forms, by the equations dα = 0 for a given form α to be a closed form, and α = dβ for an exact form, with α given and β... Jump to: navigation, search In Thermodynamics, Bridgmans Thermodynamic equations is actually a method of generating a large number of thermodynamic identities involving a number of thermodynamic quantities. ... Maxwells relations are a set of equations in Thermodynamics which are derivable from the definitions of the four thermodynamic potentials. ... In thermodynamics, four quantities, measured in units of energy, are called thermodynamic potentials: where T = temperature, S = entropy, P = pressure, V = volume // Differential definitions Any differential change in the internal energy U of a system can be written as the sum of heat flowing into the system and work done... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Internal energy U
Helmholtz free energy F
Gibbs free energy G
Enthalpy H
Particle number N
Pressure P
Density ρ
Entropy S
Temperature T
Heat capacity (constant volume) CV
Heat capacity (constant pressure) CP
Volume V

The first four are known as thermodynamic potentials, and their definitions and differential definitions are given in the thermodynamic potentials article. The following equations are classified by subject. See also Bridgman's equations for a technique for building a large number of thermodynamic identities. Jump to: navigation, search The internal energy of a system (abbreviated E or U) is the total kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules (translational, rotational, vibrational) and the total potential energy associated with the vibrational and electric energy of atoms within molecules or crystals. ... This page develops the Helmholtz free energy from the point of view of thermal and statistical physics. ... Jump to: navigation, search In thermodynamics the Gibbs free energy is a state function of any system defined as where G is the Gibbs free energy, measured in joules H is the enthalpy, measured in joules T is the temperature, measured in kelvins S is the entropy, measured... Enthalpy (symbolized H, also called heat content) is the sum of the internal energy of matter and the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure. ... The particle number, N, is the number of so called elementary particles (or elementary constituents) of a thermodynamical system. ... Jump to: navigation, search Pressure (symbol: p) quantifies the intensity of a force acting on a surface in a direction perpendicular to that surface. ... Jump to: navigation, search Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... 1. ... Jump to: navigation, search In thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, the thermodynamic entropy (or simply the entropy) S is a measure of the internal microscopic disorder present in a system at thermodynamic equilibrium; or, equivalently, the number of possible internal configurations available to the system. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... Jump to: navigation, search Heat capacity is a measure of the ability of a body to store heat. ... Jump to: navigation, search Heat capacity is a measure of the ability of a body to store heat. ... Jump to: navigation, search Volume, also called capacity, is a quantification of how much space an object occupies. ... In thermodynamics, four quantities, measured in units of energy, are called thermodynamic potentials: where T = temperature, S = entropy, P = pressure, V = volume // Differential definitions Any differential change in the internal energy U of a system can be written as the sum of heat flowing into the system and work done... In Thermodynamics, Bridgmans Thermodynamic equations is actually a method of generating a large number of thermodynamic identities involving a number of thermodynamic quantities. ...

Contents


Entropy

 ~ S = k (ln Omega) ~ ~ Delta S = frac{Delta Q}{T} ~ 

Quasi-static and reversible process

 ~ dQ=C_v dT+l_v d_v =dU+pdv =TdS~ 

Heat capacity at constant pressure

 ~ C_p=left ( {partial Uover partial T} right )_p +p left ( {partial vover partial T} right )_p = left ( {partial Hover partial T} right )_p = T left ( {partial Sover partial T} right )_p ~ 

Heat capacity at constant volume

 ~ C_v=left ( {partial Uover partial T} right )_v = T left ( {partial Sover partial T} right )_v ~ 

Helmholtz free energy

 ~ F equiv U-TS = mu n - pv ~ 

Gibbs free energy

 ~ G equiv U-TS+pv = mu n ~ 

Enthalpy

 ~ H equiv U+pV = mu n + Ts~ 

Maxwell relations

 ~ left ( {partial Tover partial v} right )_{S,n} = -left ( {partial pover partial S} right )_{v,n} ~ 
 ~ left ( {partial Tover partial p} right )_{S,n} = left ( {partial vover partial S} right )_{p,n} ~ 
 ~ left ( {partial Tover partial v} right )_{p,n} = -left ( {partial pover partial S} right )_{T,n} ~ 
 ~ left ( {partial Tover partial p} right )_{v,n} = left ( {partial vover partial S} right )_{T,n} ~ 

Maxwells relations are a set of equations in Thermodynamics which are derivable from the definitions of the four thermodynamic potentials. ...

Incremental processes

 ~ dU = T,dS-p,dv + mu,dn ~ ~ dF = -S,dT-p,dv + mu,dn ~ ~ dG = -S,dT+v,dp + mu,dn = mu,dn +n,dmu ~ ~ dH = T,dS+v,dp + mu,dn ~ 

Compressibility at constant temperature

 ~ K_T = -{ 1over v } left ( {partial vover partial p} right )_{T,n} ~ 

More relations

 ~ left ( {partial Sover partial U} right )_{v,n} = { 1over T } ~ 
 ~ left ( {partial Sover partial v} right )_{n,U} = { pover T } ~ 
 ~ left ( {partial Sover partial n} right )_{v,U} = - { mu over T } ~ 
 ~ left ( {partial Tover partial S} right )_v = { T over C_v } ~ 
 ~ left ( {partial Tover partial S} right )_p = { T over C_p } ~ 
 ~ -left ( {partial pover partial v} right )_T = { 1 over {vK_T} } ~ 



General subfields within physics

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | Classical mechanics | Condensed matter physics | Continuum mechanics | Electromagnetism | General relativity | Particle physics | Quantum field theory | Quantum mechanics | Special relativity | Statistical mechanics | Thermodynamics Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. ... Atomic, molecular, and optical physics is the study of matter-matter and light-matter interactions on the scale of single atoms or structures containing a few atoms. ... Jump to: navigation, search In physics, classical mechanics is one of the two major sub-fields of study in the science of mechanics, which is concerned with the motions of bodies, and the forces that cause them. ... Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter. ... -1... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Jump to: navigation, search General relativity (GR) is the geometrical theory of gravity published by Albert Einstein in 1915. ... Particles erupt from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ... Jump to: navigation, search Quantum field theory (QFT) is the application of quantum mechanics to fields. ... Jump to: navigation, search Fig. ... Jump to: navigation, search A simple introduction to this subject is provided in Special relativity for beginners Special relativity (SR) or the special theory of relativity is the physical theory published in 1905 by Albert Einstein. ... Jump to: navigation, search Statistical mechanics is the application of statistics, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
Thermodynamics (1399 words)
Thermodynamic parameters The parameters used to describe the state of a system generally depend on the exact system under consideration, and the conditions under which that system is maintained.
However, the dependence of any one of these four thermodynamic potentials cannot be expressed in terms of the thermodynamic parameters of the system without knowledge of the interaction potentials between system components, the quantum energy levels and their corresponding degeneracies, or the partition function of the system under study.
While this is a fundamental concept of thermodynamics, the need to state it explicitly as a law was not perceived until the first third of the 20th century, long after the first three laws were already widely in use, hence the zero numbering.
Thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1918 words)
The state of a thermodynamic system is specified by a number of extensive quantities, the most familiar of which are volume, internal energy, and the amount of each constituent particle (particle numbers).
The thermodynamic parameters may now be thought of as variables and the state may be thought of as a particular point in a space of thermodynamic parameters.
The equation may be seen as a particular case of the chain rule.
  More results at FactBites »


 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code

Want to know more?
Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.