The Third Great Awakening was a period in American history from 1886 to 1908. It is also called the Missionary Awakening. 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Awakening's beginning (one of several Great Awakenings throughout US history) is associated with the Haymarket riot and student missionary movements. It was characterized by agrarian protest and labor violence, climaxing with the revivalist candidacy of William Jennings Bryan in 1896. Gilded Age plutocracy came under harsh attack from trust-blasting muckrakers, Billy Sunday-style evangelicals, "new woman" feminists and chautauqua dreamers. After the Progressive movement radicalized and split, passions cooled when William Howard Taft succeeded Theodore Roosevelt in the White House. Great Awakenings are commonly said to be periods of religious revival in Anglo-American religious history. ... The Haymarket Riot on 4 May 1886 in Chicago, Illinois is the origin of international May Day observances and in popular literature inspired the caricature of the bomb-throwing anarchist. The causes of the incident are still controversial, although deeply polarized attitudes separating the business and working communities in late... William Jennings Bryan, 1907 William Jennings Bryan, (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) born in Salem, Illinois, was a gifted orator and three-time United States Democratic nominee for President. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Gilded Age was the era of economic development and intense generation and transfers of wealth in the United States from approximately 1876 to 1914. ... Billy Sunday William Ashley Billy Sunday (November 19, 1862 - November 6, 1935) was noted first as a professional baseball player, and then more famous evangelist. ... Chautauqua is an Iroquois word, meaning either two moccasins tied together or jumping fish. Chautauqua can also be any of: Places: Chautauqua, Illinois -- A private summer resort Chautauqua, Kansas -- A city Chautauqua, New York -- A town Chatauqua, Ohio -- a town Chautauqua County, Kansas -- A county Chautauqua County, New York -- A... Progressive Movement is the term used to refer collectively to several various movements around the world that adhere to progressivism. ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the 27th President of the United States, and the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. ... Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th (1901–09) President of the United States. ...

Background

The American Civil War was followed by an acceleration of the Industrial Revolution. Cities grew with low income factory laborers. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening included the notion that men (and women) were improvable by their own works and material failure was a punishment for moral sin, a cold comfort to the impoverished working class. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was fought in North America within the United States of America, between twenty-three mostly northern states of the Union and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states that declared their independence and claimed the right of secession from the... The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labor to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. ... The Second Great Awakening was the second great religious revival in United States history and consisted of several kinds of activity, distinguished by locale and expression of religious commitment. ...

The Origin of Species was published in 1859, challenging the Creation account in the Bible and traditional interpretations of Christianity. A parallel philosophy that natural selection was also applied to social life (Social Darwinism) developed. This rationalistic and materialistic trend was seemingly at odds with traditional religion and an irrational and spiritual movement arose. Spiritualism is sometimes interpreted as a sign that the theological synthesis of the Second Great Awakening was cracking. The title page of the 1859 edition of On the Origin of Species. ... 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... The Bible (sometimes The Book, Good Book, Word of God, The Word, or Scripture), from Greek (τα) βιβλια, (ta) biblia, (the) books, plural of βιβλιον, biblion, book, originally a diminutive of βιβλος, biblos, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos, meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material... History Main article: History of Christianity See also: Timeline of Christianity The history of Christianity is difficult to extricate from that of the European West (and several other culture-regions) in general. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... It has been suggested that Spiritualist Church be merged into this article or section. ...

The New Sects of the Third Great Awakening

The Third Great Awakening was a series of attempts at creating new belief systems in the face of assertions that the Bible was fallible. Many of these new sects were atheistic or materialistic in their perspective. Nominally atheistic social belief systems such as Socialism and Communism became popular along with atheism and agnosticism themselves. Secular Humanism, a moral atheistic/agnostic ethos, also developed at this time. Modernist Christianity, a more moderate approach, attempted to reconcile the Bible with the new scientific theories. In 1880 the Salvation Army charity/denomination arrived in America. Although its theology was based on ideals expressed during the Second Great Awakening, its focus on poverty was of the Third. For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ... This article addresses materialism in the economic sense of the word. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... Communism refers to a theoretical system of social organization and a political movement based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Agnosticism is the philosophical view that the truth values of certain claims—particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities—are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life. ... Secular humanism is that branch of philosophy that advocates the use of reason, compassion, scientific inquiry, ethics, justice and equality in addressing issues of a worldview centered upon human beings. ... Modernism, modernist Christianity, and liberalism are labels applied to proponents of a school of Christian thought which rose as a direct challenge to more conservative traditional Christian orthodoxy. ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian evangelical denomination and, consequently, a charity and social services organization, with international headquarters at 101 Queen Victoria Street London, England. ...

Historical perspective

The timing of the Third Great Awakening can be expressed in broad generational terms:

• The Gilded Generation was entering elderhood. As young zealots prepared for the 1898 invasion of Cuba many of America's aging Gilded luminaries urged peace and caution. Many of the young didn't listen, choosing to remember the Maine instead of Gettysburg.

• The Progressive Generation was entering midlife. After spending half their lives adapting to a materialist-built world, many Progressives took cues from the young.

• The Missionary Generation was young. Onward Christian soldiers, rip and tear and smite, Let the gentle Jesus bless your dynamite was sung by the Wobblies in 1905.

• The Lost Generation was in early childhood. Children of the 1890s were America's most tough-minded ever, growing up fast amid gangs, drugs, saloons, big-city immigration and an emotional climate replete with evangelical fervor and social reform.

The Gilded Generation is the name coined by William Strauss and Neil Howe in their book Generations for the generation of Americans born from 1822 to 1842. ... The Progressive Generation is a name coined by William Strauss and Neil Howe in their book Generations for that generation of Americans born from 1843 to 1859. ... The Missionary Generation is the designation given by Strauss and Howe in their book Generations to that generation in the United States of America born from 1860 to 1882. ... The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. It contends that all workers should be united within a single union as a class and the wage system abolished. ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The term Lost Generation was coined by Gertrude Stein to refer to a group of American literary notables who lived in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s. ... The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no...