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The European Union has a number of relationships with nations that are not formally part of the Union. According to the European Union's official site, and a statement by Commissioner Günter Verheugen, the aim is to have a ring of countries, sharing EU's democratic ideals and joining them in further integration without necessarily becoming full member states. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive of the European Union. ...
Günter Verheugen Günter Verheugen (born April 28, 1944, in Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany) is a German and European politician. ...
EFTA and EEA
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was created to allow European countries to partake in free trade with the European Communities (later European Union), without becoming full members. Most of the countries initially in EFTA have since joined the EU itself, so only four remain outside, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. member states The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was established on May 3, 1960 as an alternative for European states that were not allowed or did not wish to join the European Community (now the European Union). ...
The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ...
The European Economic Area (EEA) agreement allows Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein to have access to the EU single market. The four basic freedoms (goods, services, people and capital) apply. However, some restrictions on fisheries and agriculture take place. Map of the EEA countries. ...
- Norway: Norway is a member of the EEA, therefore it participates in the single market, and most EU laws are made part of Norwegian law. Norway has signed the Schengen treaty, which means border checks are no longer made.
- Iceland: Like Norway, Iceland joined the EEA, and is considered part of the EU single market. Iceland has also signed the Schengen treaty.
- Liechtenstein: Liechtenstein joined the EEA in 1995 and participates in the EU single market.
- Switzerland: Switzerland refused to join the EEA in 1992, so Swiss products do not participate in the European single market. However the country recently negotiated two series of bilateral agreements with the Union. The first series, Bilateral Agreements I, consists of seven bilateral agreements and was signed in 1999 (entry into force in 2001), the main part being Free Movement of Persons (full text of the agreement). The second series, Bilateral Agreements II, relates to nine areas and was signed in 2004 (entered into full force on March 30, 2005) and includes the Schengen treaty and the Dublin Convention (full text of the agreement) (official press release). Joining the European Union is the objective of the Swiss government.
Schengen Treaty members are in dark blue, while signatories (where it is not yet implemented) are in light blue. ...
A single market, also referred to as a Common Market, is a customs union with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of all the factors of production (goods, services, capital and labour). ...
Schengen Treaty members are in dark blue, while signatories (where it is not yet implemented) are in light blue. ...
March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in Leap years). ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Schengen Treaty members are in dark blue, while signatories (where it is not yet implemented) are in light blue. ...
The Dublin Convention (or sometimes the Dublin accords) is a European Union (EU) law to streamline the application process for refugees seeking political asylum under the Geneva Convention, as amended by the New York Protocol. ...
European microstates and Eurozone-related There are countries which, though not official members of the Eurozone, still use the Euro as legal or de facto currency, through either official agreements or unofficially. These are mostly European microstates which are largely economically dependent on their larger Eurozone-member neighbours. The Euro area (also called Euro zone or Eurosystem) is the subset of European Union member states which have adopted the euro, creating a currency union. ...
The European microstates are microstates (independent states of a very small area) in Europe. ...
- San Marino: San Marino is not a member of the EU, but had a special agreement with Italy to mint a limited number of Lira coins. With the passage to the Euro, the agreement was updated so that San Marino could mint specific Euro coins that can be used in all the Eurozone.
- Vatican City: The Vatican City State is not part of the EU, but like San Marino, there is an agreement to mint its own coins (limited) which are legal tender in the Eurozone.
- Monaco: Monaco is not a member of the EU, but French VAT applies. The Monegasque state had a special agreement with France (and now the EU) to mint its own coinage, which is legal tender in all the Eurozone.
- Andorra: Andorra is not part of the EU, but uses the Euro as its legal currency. Andorra is excluded from the EU customs union for agricultural products. Andorra does not mint its own coins, but the EU decided in 2004 to start negotiations for a monetary agreement which would allow the statelet to do so.
Lira is the name of the monetary unit of a number of countries, as well as the former currency of Italy, San Marino and the Vatican City. ...
The euro (symbol: €; banking code: EUR) is the currency of twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, the Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain, collectively known as the Eurozone. ...
vat can be a type of barrel used for storage. ...
Kosovo (Serbian: КоÑово и Метохија / Kosovo i Metohija, Albanian: Kosovë / Kosova) is a province of Serbia. ...
Serbia and Montenegro – Serbia – Kosovo and Metohia (UN administration) – Vojvodina – Montenegro Official language Serbian Capital Podgorica Former Royal Capital Cetinje President Filip Vujanović Prime Minister Milo Äukanović Area – Total – % water 13,812 km² n/a Population – Total (2003) – Density 616,258 48. ...
European Neighbourhood Policy According to the European Union's official site, the objective of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is to share the benefits of the EU’s 2004 enlargement with neighbouring countries. It is also designed to prevent the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours. The vision is that of a ring of countries, drawn into further integration, but without necessarily becoming full members of the European Union. A European Union Association Agreement (Association Agreement) is a treaty between the European Union (EU) and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. ...
The policy was first outlined by the European Commission on March 2003. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive of the European Union. ...
The partners covered by the European Neighbourhood Policy are the following:
These include all of the Mediterranean shores of Africa and Asia, as well as the European CIS states (with the exception of Russia and Kazakhstan) in the Caucasus and Eastern Europe. The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ...
The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...
Flag of the CIS The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (in Russian: СодружеÑтво ÐезавиÑимых ГоÑударÑтв (СÐГ) - Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv) is a confederation, or alliance, consisting of 11 former Soviet Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. ...
The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map The Caucasus, a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. ...
The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Main article: Barcelona Process The conference is sometimes referred to by European sources as Common Strategy on the EU countries, and 12 Middle East and North African countries. ...
The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership or Barcelona Process is a wide framework of political, economic and social relations between member states of the EU and countries of the Southern Mediterranean. It was initiated on 27-28 November 1995 through a conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, held in Barcelona.
Besides the 25 member states of the European Union, the remaining "Mediterranean Partners" are the following:
Libya has had 'observer status' since 1999. The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ...
Since the establishment of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (see below) the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership initiative will become fully a part of the wider European Neighbourhood Policy. A European Union Association Agreement (Association Agreement) is a treaty between the European Union (EU) and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. ...
Financial cooperation and assistance programmes
For the 2000-2006 budgetary period
CARDS programme CARDS, short for "Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation", was established on 5 December 2000 through Council regulation Number 2666/2000. December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the year 2000. ...
Its scope is the Western Balkans countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia). The programme's wider objective is to support those nations in the Stabilisation and Association Process. The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of south-eastern Europe. ...
Official languages Macedonian Capital Skopje President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Vlado BuÄkovski Area – Total – % water Ranked 146th 25,333 km² 1. ...
A European Union Association Agreement (Association Agreement) is a treaty between the European Union (EU) and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. ...
TACIS programme The TACIS programme, established in 1991, is a programme of technical assistance that supports the process of transition to market economies for the 12 CIS countries. Until 2003, Mongolia was also included in the programme but is now covered by the ALA programme. 1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A market economy is an economy in which goods and services are traded, with the price at which goods and services are exchanged being determined by trades that occur as a result of sellers asking prices matching buyers bid prices. ...
Flag of the CIS The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (in Russian: СодружеÑтво ÐезавиÑимых ГоÑударÑтв (СÐГ) - Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv) is a confederation, or alliance, consisting of 11 former Soviet Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Links: [1], [2]
MEDA programme The MEDA programme is the principal financial instrument for the implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, offering technical and financial support measures to accompany the reform of economic and social structures in the Mediterranean partner countries.
The first MEDA programme was established for the period of 1995-1999. On November 2000, a new regulation established MEDA II for the period of 2000-2006.
Links: [3]
ACP programme Main article s: ACP countries, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]ACP stands for "Africa, Caribbean and Pacific". The programme applies to 71 countries, among which are all African nations with the exception of the Mediterranean countries of Northern Africa (covered by the MEDA programme above). The ACP is currently covered by the Cotonou Agreement, which replaces the Lomé Convention. The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. ...
// Etymology World map showing Africa (geographically) The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — land of the Afri (plural, or Afer singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day...
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For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ...
The Cotonou Agreement is a treaty which sets out the relationship between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific governments (the ACP countries) of the signatories on issues of foreign aid, trade, investment, human rights and governance. ...
The Lomé Convention is a treaty that regulated trade between the European Union and 71 (later 77) African, Caribbean and Pacific states (collectively known as the ACP countries) between 1975 and 2000. ...
External links: ACP Countries at official EU site
ALA programme ALA, standing for "Asia and Latin America" is a programme for financial aid and cooperation with those regions.
For the 2007-2013 budgetary period - ENPI, standing for "European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument". This is a proposed financical instrument that will cover the ENP countries, including Belarus and Libya that are not currently participating. Russia will also be covered by ENPI (it choosed not to participate in the ENP and because of this is the "Partnership" part of ENPI. So, inside of it will merge MEDA fully (as all of its current beneficients are ENP states) as well as TACIS paritialy.
- The Pre Accession Instrument will replace current Enlargement programmes Phare, SAPARD and ISPA and CARDS (current CARDS beneficient states were moved to the Enlargement policy segment as "potential candidate countries".
- The Development Cooperation and Economic Cooperation Instrument will cover all countries territories and regions that are not eligible for assistance under either the PAI or ENPI (Asia, including Central Asia, Latin America, Africa, Caribbean and Pacific). Thus it will replace ALA, ACP and the rest of TACIS.
- Horizontal instruments, that cover countries regardless of their region will be:
- the Instrument for Stability is a new instrument to tackle crises and instability in third countries and address trans-border challenges including nuclear safety and non-proliferation, the fight against trafficking, organised crime and terrorism.
- to the Humanitarian Aid instrument will be added the Food Aid.
- the Macro Financical Assistance will remain unchanged.
A European Union Association Agreement (Association Agreement) is a treaty between the European Union (EU) and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. ...
A European Union Association Agreement (Association Agreement) is a treaty between the European Union (EU) and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. ...
The European Union (EU) was originally created by the six founding states in 1952, but has grown to its current size of 25 member states. ...
The Phare programme is one of the three pre-accession instruments financed by the European Union to assist the applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe in their preparations for joining the European Union. ...
The European Union (EU) was originally created by the six founding states in 1952, but has grown to its current size of 25 member states. ...
World map showing Asia. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...
// Etymology World map showing Africa (geographically) The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — land of the Afri (plural, or Afer singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day...
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For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ...
Humanitarian aid is assistance given to people in distress by individuals, organisations, or governments to relieve suffering. ...
The World Food Programme (WFP) is an agency of the United Nations which distributes food commodities to support development projects, to long-term refugees and displaced persons and as emergency food assistance in situations of natural and man-made disasters. ...
Macroeconomics is the economics sub-field of study that considers aggregate behavior, i. ...
Customs Union Certain countries are in customs union with the EU. These are Turkey (since 1996), Andorra (since 1991), and San Marino (signed in 1991 and in force since 2002). A customs union is a free trade area with a Common External Tariff. ...
1996 (MCMXCVI) is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...
1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
2002 (MMII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also A European Union Association Agreement (Association Agreement) is a treaty between the European Union (EU) and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. ...
Two parts of the treaty of the European Community deal with special relationships: Article 299 which sets out the territories to which the treaty applies, supplemented by the accession treaties; and Articles 182-188 and Annex II on association with the non-European countries and territories which have special relations...
External links - The European Economic Area (EEA) - Overview
- European Neighbourhood Policy
- EU External Relations
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