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Thomas Gage
Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
In office May 13, 1774 – October 11, 1775
Preceded by	Thomas Hutchinson
Succeeded by	William Howe
Born	1719 Firle, Sussex, England
Died	April 2, 1787 Isle of Portland, Dorset, England

Thomas Gage (1719 – April 2, 1787) was a British general and commander in chief of the North American forces from 1763 to 1775 during the early days of the American Revolution. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Download high resolution version (1110x1381, 306 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Battle of Lexington and Concord Thomas Gage Categories: U.S. history images ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... For the surrealist painter, see William Howe (painter). ... // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Miners in Falun, Sweden find an apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson in an unused... For the suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, see Firle, South Australia. ... This article refers to the historic county in England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Isle of Portland is a long by wide limestone island in the English Channel. ... Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dÉ”.sÉ™t], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about military actions only. ...

Biography

Early life

Thomas Gage was born in Firle, England, the second son of the first Viscount Gage. In 1728, Gage began attending the prestigious Westminster School where he met such figures as John Burgoyne, Richard Howe, Francis Bernard, and George Sackville. Upon graduation, Gage joined the British Army, ensign before purchasing the rank of lieutenant in the 1st Northampton Regiment on January 30, 1741. In 1742, he transferred to Battereau's Foot Regiment and became a captain-lieutenant. For the suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, see Firle, South Australia. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... 1743 Portrait of Thomas Gage by James Seymour Thomas Gage, 1st Viscount Gage was born to Joseph Gage of Sherborne Castle and Elizabeth Penruddock some time before 1702 (the exact date remains uncertain). ... For other uses, see Westminster School (disambiguation). ... General John Burgoyne (February 24, 1722 – August 4, 1792) was a British army officer, politician and dramatist. ... Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (March 8, 1726 - August 5, 1799) was a British admiral. ... Sir Francis Bernard (1712-1779) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor in New Jersey and Massachusetts. ... Lord George Germain (1780). ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Ensign is a junior rank of commissioned officer in the militaries of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius...

Gage received promotion to captain in 1743 and served as aide-de-camp to the Earl of Albemarle in the Battle of Fontenoy and in the campaign of Culloden. From 1747 to 1748, Gage saw action in the Low Countries, purchasing the rank of Major in 1748. He transferred to the 55th Foot Regiment (later re-numbered the 44th) and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in March 1751. Captain is a rank or title with various meanings. ... An aide-de-camp (French: camp assistant) is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state. ... Earls of Albemarle. ... Combatants Britain United Provinces Hanover France Commanders Duke of Cumberland Maurice, comte de Saxe Strength 50,000[1] 101 guns 60,000 70 guns Casualties 9,000 dead or wounded 3,000 captured 5,600 dead or wounded 400 captured The Battle of Fontenoy (May 11, 1745) near Fontenoy in... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength 8,000 ca. ... For information about the confusion between the Low Countries and the Netherlands, see Netherlands (terminology). ... Major is a military rank the use of which varies according to country. ... In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ...

French and Indian War

In 1755 Gage, was sent to America as part of General Braddock's expeditionary force. Future military foe George Washington served with Gage in the same expedition. In July 1755, the 44th Regiment's commander, Colonel Sir Peter Halkett, was shot and killed during the Battle of the Monongahela. Gage took command of the regiment and was slightly wounded during the fighting. The regiment was decimated, and Captain Robert Orme (General Braddock's aide-de-camp at the time) levelled charges that poor field tactics on the part of Gage had led to the defeat. Orme resigned his army commission the next year, but his accusations led to Gage being denied permanent command of the 44th Regiment. General Edward Braddock General Edward Braddock (1695? – July 13, 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War. ... Combatants France Indian Tribes Britain Commanders Liénard de Beaujeu † Jean-Daniel Dumas Charles de Langlade Edward Braddock † Strength 105 regulars 147 militia 600 natives 1,459 regulars and militia Casualties 23 killed 20 wounded 456 killed 521 wounded The Braddock expedition (also called Braddocks campaign) was a failed... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Route of the Braddock Expedition. ...

Gage spent 1756 as second-in-command of a failed expedition of the Mohawk River. The following year, he was assigned to Captain-General John Campbell Loudoun in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where Gage commanded the 80th Regiment and finally received promotion to full colonel. Gage was wounded again during a failed attempt to capture Fort Ticonderoga. Despite this loss, Gage was promoted to brigadier general (largely through the political maneuvering of his brother, Lord Gage). While recruiting locals for his new regiment, Gage met and later married Margaret Kemble of Brunswick, New Jersey--the daughter of a friend from Westminster School who now served on the New Jersey council. The two were wed in December 1758. Their first son, the future 3rd Viscount Gage, was born in 1761. Margaret Kemble was the granddaughter of New York Mayor Stephanus Van Cortlandt. The Mohawk River is a major waterway in north-central New York, United States. ... For other persons of the same name, see John Campbell. ... The City of Halifax (1841-1996) was the capital of the province of Nova Scotia, and the largest city in Atlantic Canada. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 11 Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... For other uses, see Colonel (disambiguation). ... Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York, USA. The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... William Hall Gage, 2nd Viscount Gage (January 1, 1718 - October 11, 1791) was born to Thomas Gage and Benedicta Maria Theresa Hall. ... Portrait of Margaret Kemble Gage, circa 1771, by John Singleton Copley Margaret Kemble Gage was the wife of General Thomas Gage, who led the redcoats during the American Revolution, and allegedly spied against him out of sympathy for the Revolution. ... East Brunswick is an suburban township located in Middlesex County, New Jersey. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Chalk portrait of Henry Gage, 3rd Viscount Gage, by William Lane Henry Gage, 3rd Viscount Gage (March 4, 1761 - January 29, 1808) was the eldest son of General Thomas Gage, military leader of British Forces at the beginning of the American Revolution. ... This article is about the state. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Stephanus Van Cortlandt (May 7, 1643 - November 25, 1700) was the first native born mayor of New York (1677-1678; 1686-1688). ...

The new general was placed in command of the Albany post, serving under Major General Jeffrey Amherst. In 1759, Amherst ordered Gage to march against the French and seize Fort la Présentation (sometimes known as Fort La Galette) and then capture Montreal. Gage disagreed with Amherst, suggesting instead that his own forces be used to reinforce Niagara and Oswego while Amherst led forces against Montreal. Gage wound up earning the displeasure of his commanding officer and being placed in charge of Fort Albany until Amherst himself was ready to attack Montreal in 1760 (at which time Gage led Amherst's rear guard). For other uses, see Albany. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Jeffrey Amherst, painted by Joshua Reynolds in 1765 Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, or Jeffrey, he himself spelled his name as Jeffery) (January 29, 1717 – August 3, 1797) served as an officer in the British Army. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Historical recreation actors at Old Fort Niagara Fort Niagara is a three hundred-year-old fortification originally built to protect the interests of New France in northern North America. ... Fort Oswego was an important frontier post for British traders in the 18th century. ...

Early Governorship

After the French surrendered, Gage, was named military governor of Montreal. In 1761, he was promoted to major general and placed in command of the 22nd Regiment. When Amherst returned to England in August 1763, Gage assumed command of the British forces in America. Though the British were now at peace with France, Gage's new command inherited a Native American uprising already in progress on the western frontier.

In May 1763 Ottawa leader Chief Pontiac's forces attacked Fort Detroit, in the first action of what would come to be known as Pontiac's War. The Ottawa (also Odawa, Odaawa, Outaouais, or Trader) are a Native American and First Nations people. ... No authentic images of Pontiac are known to exist. ... Combatants British Empire American Indians Commanders Jeffrey Amherst, Henry Bouquet Pontiac, Guyasuta Strength ~3,000 soldiers[1] ~3,500 warriors[2] Casualties 450 soldiers killed, 2,000 civilians killed or captured, 4,000 civilians displaced ~200 warriors killed, possible additional war-related deaths from disease Pontiacs Rebellion was a...

Hoping to end the conflict diplomatically, Gage ordered Colonel John Bradstreet and Colonel Henry Bouquet out on military expeditions and then ordered Sir William Johnson to establish peace negotiations. Colonel Bouquet negotiated a cease-fire of sorts in October 1764. Even then, Gage was left with just two remaining forts from the original nine the tribes had taken. In 1765, Gage finally got the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment through to retake Fort Cavendish. John Bradstreet (born 1711 - died September 25, 1774) was a Lieutenant Colonel in the French and Indian War who helped Britain gain control of Lake Ontario by capturing Fort Frontenac, now Kingston, Ontario. ... Henry Bouquet (1719 – September 2, 1765) was a noted British army officer in the French and Indian War and Pontiacs War. ... Sir William Johnson Sir William Johnson (1715-1774) was an Irish pioneer and army officer in colonial New York, and the British Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1755 to 1774. ... Official name The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) Colonel-in-Chief HRH The Prince of Wales Nicknames Motto Nemo Me Impune Lacessit Anniversaries Red Hackle Day (5 January) Marches Quick: All the Blue Bonnets are oer the Border Slow: The Garb of Old Gaul Pipes & Drums Quick: Hielan Laddie... Fort de Chartres existed as a succession of three French fortifications built during the 1700s on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the area of upper Louisiana known as the Illinois Country. ...

Gage established a new three-district command across the western, southern, and northern areas of the frontier. That same summer, Gage ordered Johnson's office to send a representative through to Pontiac. The conflict would not be fully resolved until Pontiac himself travelled to Fort Ontario and signed a formal treaty with Johnson in July 1766. Fort Ontario is an historic fort situated by the City of Oswego, in Oswego County, New York in the United States of America. ...

Gage's administration now saw a time of rising political tension throughout the American colonies.

Gage began withdrawing troops from the frontier to fortify urban centres like New York City and Boston. As the number of soldiers stationed in cities grew, the need to provide adequate food and housing for these troops became urgent. Parliament passed the Quartering Act of 1765, permitting British troops to be quartered in private residences. Gage personally traveled to Boston and spent six weeks there making quartering arrangements for the new soldiers in 1768. The military occupation of Boston eventually led to the Boston Massacre of 1770. That same year, Gage was promoted to lieutenant general. Late that year he wrote "America is a mere bully, from one end to the other, and the Bostonians by far the greatest bullies." ^[1] The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ... Quartering Act is the name of at least two acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. ... Engraving by Paul Revere that sold widely in the colonies The Boston Massacre was an incident involving the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British colonies in America which... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ...

Pre-Revolutionary Boston

Gage and his family returned to England in June 1773 and missed the Boston Tea Party in December of that year. The resulting controversy saw British forces shut down Boston Harbor until the colonists had made reparations in full for every leaf of tea lost. This article is about a 1773 American protest. ...

Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson was 62 years old at the time and the lieutenant governor (Andrew Oliver), a hated Tory, was 67. Still in his early 50's and with plenty of military experience in America, Gage was deemed the best man to handle the brewing crisis. This article is about the U.S. state. ... Andrew Oliver (1706-1774) was the man that enforced the stamp act in the colonies however was forced to resign after repeated violence from the colonists Categories: Massachusetts politicians | 1706 births | 1774 deaths | American politician stubs ... For other uses, see Tory (disambiguation). ...

In early 1774, he was appointed martial law Royal governor, or commander-in-chief, of Massachusetts, replacing the civilian governor Thomas Hutchinson. He arrived from England in early May, first stopping at Castle William on Castle Island in Boston's Harbor. He then arrived in Boston on May 13, 1774, having been carried there by the HMS Lively (1754). His arrival was met will little pomp and circumstance, but was generally well received at first as Bostonians were happy to see Hutchinson go.^[2] In that capacity, he was entrusted with carrying into effect the Boston Port Act. General Gage strictly enforced the confiscation of war-making materials. For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... HMS Lively was a 20-gun sloop-of-war of the British Royal Navy built in 1754. ... The Boston Port Act, passed by Britains Parliament and becoming law on 31 March 1774, is one of the measures (variously called the Intolerable Acts, the Punitive Acts or the Coercive Acts) that were designed to secure American dominions. ...

In September 1774, he carried out a mission to seize the gunpowder of Somerville, Massachusetts. Gage successfully accomplished this mission but was not successful in other raids. This was in large part due to Paul Revere and the Sons of Liberty. The Sons of Liberty kept careful watch over Gage's activities after this point and successfully warned future insurgents before Gage could mobilise his British regulars against them. Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1842 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Joseph A. Curtatone Area  - Total 4. ... For the song by the Beastie Boys, see Paul Revere (song). ... This article discusses the early American patriot group. ... Depiction of a British soldier in 1742 Red coat is a term often used to refer to a soldier of the historical British Army, because of the colour of the military uniforms formerly worn by the majority of regiments. ...

Gage found himself criticized by his own men for allowing groups like the Sons of Liberty to exist. One of his officers, Hugh Percy remarked, "The general's great lenity and moderation serve only to make them (the Americans) more daring and insolent." Gage himself wrote, "If force is to be used at length, it must be a considerable one, and foreign troops must be hired, for to begin with small numbers will encourage resistance, and not terrify; and will in the end cost more blood and treasure." Edmund Burke described Gage's conflicted relationship by saying in Parliament, "An Englishman is the unfittest person on Earth to argue another Englishman into slavery." Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (14 August 1742 - 10 July 1817) entered the British Army in 1759, and married Lady Anne Crichton-Stuart, daughter of Lord Bute, in 1764. ... Edmund Burke (January 12, 1729[1] – July 9, 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman, author, orator, political theorist, and philosopher, who served for many years in the British House of Commons as a member of the Whig party. ... Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons Michael Martin MP Speaker of the House of Lords Hélène Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats Scottish National Party Plaid Cymru Democratic Unionist...

American Revolution

At Concord, on the night of April 18, 1775, Gage ordered 700 British regulars from elite flank companies (Light Infantry and Grenadiers) to march from Boston to Lexington and Concord. Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1635 Incorporated 1635 Government  - Type Open town meeting Area  - Total 25. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

General Gage's wife Margaret Kemble Gage, circa 1771

The Battle of Lexington and Concord resulted in 273 total casualties for the British and 95 for the American rebels. The British drove most of the Minutemen from their towns, but were ambushed by a gathering force of irregulars during their return march to Boston. Both Adams and Hancock escaped, and, following the battle, Gage issued a proclamation granting a general pardon to all who would demonstrate loyalty to the crown--with the notable exceptions of Hancock and Adams. Download high resolution version (600x750, 90 KB)from http://www. ... Download high resolution version (600x750, 90 KB)from http://www. ... Portrait of Margaret Kemble Gage, circa 1771, by John Singleton Copley Margaret Kemble Gage (1734-1824) was the wife of General Thomas Gage, who led the redcoats during the American Revolution, and allegedly spied against him out of sympathy for the Revolution. ... The Battle of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775 was the first battle of the American Revolutionary War and was described as the shot heard round the world in Emersons Concord Hymn. ... Lexington Minuteman representing John Parker Minutemen is a name given to members of the militia of the American Colonies, who would be ready for battle in a minutes notice. ...

Gage began to suspect his wife, Margaret, a native colonist, may have had sympathies with the rebels. Believing she had betrayed his trust to Patriot leader Joseph Warren, Gage ordered Margaret shipped back to Britain. This article is about the American doctor, soldier and statesman during the American Revolutionary War. ...

Following Lexington, the American rebels followed the British back to Boston, and occupied the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. This began the Siege of Boston. Initially, the 6,000 to 8,000 rebels (led mainly by General Artemas Ward) faced some 4,000 of General Gage’s British regulars, bottled up in the city. British Admiral Samuel Graves commanded the fleet that continued to control the harbour. On May 25, Gage received about 4,500 reinforcements and three new Generals - Major General William Howe and Brigadiers John Burgoyne and Henry Clinton. Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... Combatants New England militia, Continental Army Great Britain Commanders Artemas Ward, George Washington Thomas Gage, William Howe Strength 17,000 The Siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War, in which New England militiamen—and then the Continental Army—surrounded... Artemas Ward (November 26, 1727 – October 28, 1800) was an American Major General in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts. ... Samuel Graves (*1713 †1787) was a British Admiral who fought for the British in the American Revolution. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the surrealist painter, see William Howe (painter). ... General John Burgoyne (February 24, 1722 – August 4, 1792) was a British army officer, politician and dramatist. ... General Sir Henry Clinton K.B. Commander-in-Chief of British troops in America. ...

Gage started work with his new generals on a plan to break the grip of the besieging forces. They would use an amphibious assault to remove the Americans from the Dorchester Heights or take their headquarters at Cambridge. To thwart these plans, General Ward gave orders to General Israel Putnam to fortify Bunker Hill. On June 17 1775, British forces under General Howe seized the Charlestown peninsula at the Battle of Bunker Hill. They did take their objective, but didn't break out because the Americans held the ground at the base of the peninsula. Gage called it, "A dear bought victory, another such would have ruined us." British losses were so heavy that from this point, the siege essentially became a stalemate. Dorchester Heights Monument Dorchester Heights is the central area of South Boston. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - Total 7. ... Maj. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For a list of numerous places and things that are named after this battle, see Bunker Hill. ...

Return to England

Chalk portrait of Henry Gage, 3rd Viscount Gage, by William Lane

On October 10, 1775, Gage was recalled to England; Major General Howe replaced him as acting Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in the American colonies. Gage's report to the cabinet repeated his earlier warnings that "a large army must at length be employed to reduce these people" and would require "the hiring of foreign troops." In April 1776, George Sackville Germain, British Secretary of State for America, formally transferred permanent command from Gage to Howe. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Gage was reactivated to duty, in April 1781, when Amherst appointed him to mobilise troops for a possible French invasion. The next year, Gage assumed command (as a colonel) of the 17th light dragoons. He was finally promoted to full general on November 20, 1782, and later transferred to command the 11th dragoons. Though he was recognized as a general months in advance. Gage died on the Isle of Portland on April 2, 1787, his wife surviving him by almost 37 years. He was also survived by Henry Gage, 3rd Viscount Gage and another Thomas Gage, a young relative who would go on to achieve small fame in the field of botany. This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Isle of Portland is a long by wide limestone island in the English Channel. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Chalk portrait of Henry Gage, 3rd Viscount Gage, by William Lane Henry Gage, 3rd Viscount Gage (March 4, 1761 - January 29, 1808) was the eldest son of General Thomas Gage, military leader of British Forces at the beginning of the American Revolution. ... Sir Thomas Gage (1781 - 1820) was an English botanist, one of the famous Gage family of Firle, Sussex. ...

The Westerman family of Houston County are descendants of General Gage.

External links

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• official Massachusetts Governor biography
• Haldimand Collection (Papers)

References

• Fischer, David Hackett (1995), Paul Revere's Ride, Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-509831-5

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... Jeffrey Amherst, painted by Joshua Reynolds in 1765 Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, or Jeffrey, he himself spelled his name as Jeffery) (January 29, 1717 – August 3, 1797) served as an officer in the British Army. ... The office of Commander-in-Chief, North America was the commander of British forces in North America before 1859. ... Sir William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB, PC (August 10, 1729 – July 12, 1814) was an English General who was Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the American Revolutionary War, one of the three Howe brothers. ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... For the surrealist painter, see William Howe (painter). ... The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... A map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Capital Charlestown, Boston History  - Established 1629  - New England Confederation 1643  - Dominion of New England 1686  - Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692  - Disestablished 1692 The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on... John Endecott (c. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8–26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576–July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... Gov. ... Sir Henry Vane (1613 - June 14, 1662), son of Henry Vane the Elder, served as a statesman and Member of Parliament in a career spanning England and Massachusetts. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8–26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576–July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... Richard Bellingham (1592 - December 7, 1672) was a colonial magistrate, laywer, and several-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8–26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... John Endecott (c. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576–July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Winthrop (12 January 1587/8–26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their first governor on April 8, 1630. ... John Endecott (c. ... Thomas Dudley (October 12, 1576–July 31, 1653) was a colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Endecott (c. ... Richard Bellingham (1592 - December 7, 1672) was a colonial magistrate, laywer, and several-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Endecott (c. ... Richard Bellingham (1592 - December 7, 1672) was a colonial magistrate, laywer, and several-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... John Leverett (1616 - March 16, 1679) was a colonial magistrate, merchant, soldier and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony John Leverett was born, perhaps, in Boston, England. ... Simon Bradstreet (March 18, 1603–March 27, 1697) was a colonial magistrate, businessman and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... The Dominion of New England was the name of a short-lived administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America. ... Joseph Dudley (September 23, 1647 - April 2, 1720), colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1702 to 1715, the son of Thomas Dudley, was born and died in Roxbury, Massachusetts. ... Sir Edmund Andros Sir Edmund Andros (December 6, 1637 - February 24, 1714), was an early colonial governor in North America, and head of the short-lived Dominion of New England. ... Simon Bradstreet (March 18, 1603–March 27, 1697) was a colonial magistrate, businessman and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a crown colony organized October 7, 1691 in North America by the monarch of England. ... Sir William Phips (or Phipps) (February 2, 1651 – February 18, 1695) was a colonial governor of Massachusetts. ... William Stoughton (30 September 1631 – 7 July 1701) was in charge of what has come to be known as the Salem Witch Trials, first as the Chief Magistrate of the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692, and then as the Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature... Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, (1636–5 March 1701) was colonial governor of New York from 1698 to 1701 and of Massachusetts from 1699 to 1700. ... William Stoughton (30 September 1631 – 7 July 1701) was in charge of what has come to be known as the Salem Witch Trials, first as the Chief Magistrate of the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692, and then as the Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Joseph Dudley (September 23, 1647 - April 2, 1720), colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1702 to 1715, the son of Thomas Dudley, was born and died in Roxbury, Massachusetts. ... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Joseph Dudley (September 23, 1647 - April 2, 1720), colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1702 to 1715, the son of Thomas Dudley, was born and died in Roxbury, Massachusetts. ... William Tailer (1676 - March 8, 1732) was the son of Bostonian William Tailer and a Colonial-era politician. ... Samuel Shute (January 12, 1662 - April 15, 1742) was born in London. ... William Dummer was born in Newbury, Massachusetts in 1677, and died there on October 10, 1761. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into William Burnet (1688-1728). ... William Dummer was born in Newbury, Massachusetts in 1677, and died there on October 10, 1761. ... William Tailer (1676 - March 8, 1732) was the son of Bostonian William Tailer and a Colonial-era politician. ... Jonathan Belcher (1682-1757) was colonial governor of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New Jersey. ... William Shirley (1694-1771) William Shirley (1694-1771) was the British governor of Massachusetts from 1741 to 1759. ... Spencer Phips (1685–April, 1757) took office twice as acting Governor of Massachusetts in the absence of William Shirley. ... William Shirley (1694-1771) William Shirley (1694-1771) was the British governor of Massachusetts from 1741 to 1759. ... Spencer Phips (1685–April, 1757) took office twice as acting Governor of Massachusetts in the absence of William Shirley. ... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Thomas Pownall (1722 - February 25, 1805), British colonial statesman and soldier, was born at Saltfleetby, Lincolnshire, England. ... Sir Francis Bernard (1712-1779) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor in New Jersey and Massachusetts. ... State nickname: Bay State Other U.S. States Capital Boston Largest city Boston Governor Mitt Romney Official languages English Area 27,360 km² (44th)  - Land 20,317 km²  - Water 7,043 km² (25. ... For other persons named John Hancock, see John Hancock (disambiguation). ... Thomas Cushing (March 24, 1725 – February 28, 1788) was an American lawyer and statesman from Boston, Massachusetts. ... James Bowdoin (August 7, 1726 – November 6, 1790) was an American political and intellectual leader from Boston, Massachusetts during the American Revolution. ... For other persons named John Hancock, see John Hancock (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Samuel Adams (disambiguation). ... Increase Sumner (November 27, 1746 – June 7, 1799) was a U.S. political figure. ... Moses Gill (1746 - May 20, 1800) was a U.S. political figure. ... The Governors Council (also known as the Executive Council) of Massachusetts is a popularly-elected board which oversees judicial nominations. ... Caleb Strong (January 9, 1745 - November 7, 1819) was a U.S. political figure. ... For the Olympic athlete, see James P. Sullivan. ... Levi Lincoln, Sr. ... Christopher Gore (September 21, 1758 - March 1, 1827) was a prominent Massachusetts lawyer, Federalist politician, and diplomat. ... Elbridge Thomas Gerry (pronounced ) (July 17, 1744 – November 23, 1814) was an American statesman and diplomat. ... Caleb Strong (January 9, 1745 - November 7, 1819) was a U.S. political figure. ... John Brooks, Jr. ... William Eustis (June 10, 1753–February 6, 1825) was an early American statesman. ... Marcus Morton, painted c. ... Levi Lincoln, Jr. ... John Davis (January 13, 1787 – April 19, 1854) was an American lawyer and politician. ... Samuel Turell Armstrong (1784 - 1850) was a U.S. political figure. ... Edward Everett (April 11, 1794 – January 15, 1865) was a Whig Party politician from Massachusetts. ... Marcus Morton, painted c. ... John Davis (January 13, 1787 – April 19, 1854) was an American lawyer and politician. ... Marcus Morton, painted c. ... George N. Briggs was a member of the Whig Party and seven-term Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, from 1844 to 1851. ... George Sewall Boutwell (January 28, 1818–February 27, 1905) was an American statesman who served as U.S. Treasury Secretary under President Ulysses S. Grant. ... John H. Clifford was Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for a single term, from 1853 to 1854. ... Emory Washburn (1800–1877) was a United States political figure. ... Henry Joseph Gardner (June 14, 1819 – July 21, 1892) was the Governor of Massachusetts from 1855—1858. ... Nathaniel P. Banks, engraving from a Mathew Brady Carte de visite Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss)[1] Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894), American politician and soldier, served as Governor of Massachusetts, Speaker of the House of the United States House of Representatives, and as a Union general in the... John Albion Andrew (1818 - 1867) was a U.S. political figure. ... Alexander Hamilton Bullock (March 2, 1816–January 17, 1882) was Governor of Massachusetts from 1866 to 1868. ... William Claflin (1818-1905) was an industrialist and philanthropist who served as Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1869-1872 and as a member of Congress from 1877-1881. ... William Barrett Washburn (January 31, 1820–October 5, 1887) was an American politician from Massachusetts, serving in the United States House of Representatives and as Governor of Massachusetts. ... Thomas Talbot (September 7, 1818 – October 6, 1886) was a governor of Massachusetts. ... William Gaston (1820-1894) was Governor of Massachusetts in 1875-1876. ... Alexander Hamilton Rice (August 30, 1818 – July 22, 1895) was Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts from 1856-1857, a U.S. Congressman during the American Civil War, and the Governor of Massachusetts from 1876–78. ... Thomas Talbot (September 7, 1818 – October 6, 1886) was a governor of Massachusetts. ... John Davis Long (October 27, 1838–August 28, 1915) was a U.S. political figure. ... Benjamin Franklin Butler (November 5, 1818 – January 11, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and later served as its governor. ... George Dexter Robinson (born George Washington Robinson) (January 20, 1834–February 22, 1896) was born in Lexington, Massachusetts. ... Oliver Ames (February 4, 1831 - October 22, 1895) was a U.S. political figure. ... John Quincy Adams Brackett (June 8, 1842–April 6, 1918) was born in Bradford, New Hampshire to Ambrose S. Brackett and Nancy (Brown) Brackett. ... William Eustis Russell (January 6, 1857 - July 16, 1896) was a U.S. political figure. ... Frederic Thomas Greenhalge (born Greenhalgh) (July 19, 1842–March 5, 1896) was born in Clitheroe, England and immigrated with his parents to the United States in early childhood. ... Roger Wolcott (September 2, 1847 - December 21, 1900) was a significant U.S. political figure. ... Winthrop Murray Crane (April 23, 1853 – October 2, 1920) was a U.S. political figure. ... John Lewis Bates (September 18, 1859–June 8, 1946) was born in North Easton, Massachusetts to Rev. ... William Lewis Douglas (1845 - 1924) was a U.S. political figure. ... Curtis Guild, Jr. ... Ebenezer Sumner Draper (1858 - 1915) was a U.S. political figure. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. ... David Ignatius Walsh (November 11, 1872 - June 11, 1947) was a United States politician from Massachusetts. ... Samuel Walker McCall (February 28, 1851 - November 4, 1923) was Governor of Massachusetts. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Channing Harris Cox (October 28, 1879 _ August 20, 1968) was a Massachusetts Republican politician and Governor born in Manchester, New Hampshire. ... Alvan Tufts Fuller (February 27, 1878-April 30, 1958) was an American political figure, and Governor of Massachusetts from 1925 until 1929. ... Frank G. Allen (October 6, 1874-October 5, 1950) was a governor of the state of Massachusetts. ... Joseph Buell Ely (February 22, 1881-June 13, 1956) was a governor of the state of Massachusetts. ... James Michael Curley (November 20, 1874-November 12, 1958) was an American political figure who served in the United States House of Representatives, as the mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, and as governor of Massachusetts. ... Charles Francis Hurley (November 24, 1893-March 24, 1946) was a governor of the state of Massachusetts. ... Leverett A. Saltonstall (September 1, 1892 – June 17, 1979) was an American politician who served as Governor of Massachusetts (1939 - 1945) and as a United States Senator (1945 - 1967). ... Maurice Joseph Tobin (May 22, 1901–July 19, 1953) was a Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, and U.S. Secretary of Labor. ... Robert Fiske Bradford (December 15, 1902–March 18, 1983) was an American politician who served one term as Governor of Massachusetts, from 1947 to 1949. ... Paul Andrew Dever (January 15, 1903 - April 11, 1958) was a Democratic politician from Boston, Massachusetts. ... For the American physician (1865–1910), see Christian Archibald Herter (physician). ... John Foster Furcolo (July 29, 1911 - July 5, 1995) was born in New Haven, Connecticut. ... John Anthony Volpe (December 8, 1908 - November 11, 1994) was a Governor of Massachusetts and a U.S. Secretary of Transportation. ... For his grandfather, the educator, see Endicott Peabody (educator). ... John Anthony Volpe (December 8, 1908 - November 11, 1994) was a Governor of Massachusetts and a U.S. Secretary of Transportation. ... Francis William Sargent (July 29, 1915 - October 21, 1998) was Governor of Massachusetts from 1969 to 1975. ... Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician, former Governor of Massachusetts, and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. ... Edward Joseph King (born May 11, 1925) was the Governor of the U.S. state of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. ... Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician, former Governor of Massachusetts, and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Paul Cellucci Argeo Paul Cellucci (born April 24, 1948) better known as Paul Cellucci, is an American politician and diplomat, former Governor of Massachusetts, and former Ambassador to Canada. ... Jane Maria Swift (born February 24, 1965) is an American politician from Melrose, Massachusetts. ... Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) was the 70th Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is an American politician and the current Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...