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Thomson Financial's standard league tables are rankings of Investment Banks in terms of the dollar volume of deals they work on. New standard league table sessions in compliance with 2004 league table criteria for Debt, Equity, Syndicated Loans, Project Finance and M&A are currently available. Notice that this is revenue and dollar volume of securities issued (in underwriting) or transaction size (in M&A), not profitability. Thomson Financial is an arm of The Thomson Corporation one of the worlds leading information companies, focused on providing integrated information solutions to business and professional customers. ...
Investment banks assist corporations in raising funds in the public markets (both equity and debt), as well as provide strategic advisory services for mergers, acquisitions and other types of transactions. ...
Debt is that which is owed. ...
The Court of Chancery, London, early 19th century This article is about concept of equity in Anglo-American jurisprudence. ...
A syndicated loan (or syndicated bank facility) is a large loan in which a group of banks work together to provide funds for a borrower. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
The phrase mergers and acquisitions (M&A) refers to the aspect of business strategy and management dealing with the merging and/or acquiring of different companies. ...
Usage League tables are used in two contexts: either in promotional materials or client pitches produced by an investment bank, or tabulated by a financial information tool, such as Thomson Financial or Bloomberg.
When used in bank-produced materials, the company is always in control of deciding how to tabulate each table and which ones to show to customers. Banks naturally never show unflattering league tables, so one rarely sees league tables where the firm is not in the top 3. Banks seeking to enter a new space may show 2 tables side by side from the previous and the current year to show how they have improved. As mentioned above, the details of how each table was calculated are essential to understanding how much these tables have been tweaked.
Growing concerns about credibility of league tables have led some banks to use actual screenshots of Bloomberg's league tables in their materials to emphasize that no tweaks were used to manipulate the ranking. The selection bias of only showing the favorable rankings still holds however. In order to get the most complete information, one should access leagues tables on Bloomberg, Thomson Financial, or any other reputable source (they all rely on a third-party database that actually stores information on all announced deals). For convenience, most common league tables are reproduced below for recent years.
Criticisms League tables are important for classifying investment banks by their area of expertise, but are a very imprecise way of ranking investment banks within broad categories. League tables give equal credit to all investment banks involved with a transaction, even if one of them collected the bulk of the fees, was hired first, and had more responsibility. With the emergence of financial supermarkets and stapled finance, companies are often accused of tacitly doling out league table credit to banks to secure better terms on the financing for the transaction.
Most damaging to the tables' credibility, however, has been the way league tables are tabulated and used in investment bank pitches to clients and prospective hires. Exploiting the fact that there's no "industry standard" in calculating league tables, bankers instruct their analysts to tweak the way the tables are tabulated to make the home institution appear higher in the tables, ideally in the top 3. Most common tweaks include counting or excluding announced but uncompleted deals, deals smaller than a certain size, deals in a given geographic area, the date range, and so on. These details are usually listed at the bottom of each table, and should always be scrutinized.
Debt and equity
2004 Underwriting Leaders 1 January 2004 - 31 December 2004 (based on $ value) | Market Sector | # 1 Ranked Bookrunner | Proceeds
($ million) | Market
Share (%) | Number
of issues | Market size
($ million) | Market
issues | | Stock & Bonds | | Global Debt, Equity & Equity-related | Citigroup | 534,486.2 | 9.4 | 1,892 | 5,693,011.6 | 20,066 | | Global Disclosed Fees | Citigroup | 1,717.4 | 11.1 | 724 | 15,400.6 | 6,890 | | Stocks | | Global Equity & Equity-related | Morgan Stanley | 54,268.7 | 10.7 | 184 | 505,098.9 | 3,628 | | Global Convertible Offerings | Morgan Stanley | 10,483.1 | 10.7 | 46 | 98,436.4 | 469 | | Global Common Stock- U.S. Issuers | Morgan Stanley | 20,084.9 | 15.5 | 83 | 129,603.5 | 767 | | Global Initial Public Offerings - U.S. Issuers | Morgan Stanley | 7,322.1 | 16.3 | 21 | 44,867.7 | 233 | | EMEA Equity & Equity-related | Morgan Stanley | 17,739.3 | 9.4 | 35 | 189,471.4 | 955 | | EMEA Convertible Offerings | Deutsche Bank | 2,290.9 | 11.4 | 6 | 20,187.3 | 80 | | EMEA Common Stock | Morgan Stanley | 16,336.7 | 9.7 | 29 | 168,595.5 | 872 | | EMEA Initial Public Offerings | CSFB | 3,976.6 | 10.3 | 12 | 38,597.9 | 306 | | Bonds | | Global Debt incl. MBS, ABS & U.S. Tax Munis | Citigroup | 486,758.6 | 9.4 | 1,620 | 5,187,013.8 | 16,439 | | All International Bonds | Citigroup | 202,957.9 | 8.3 | 531 | 2,433,995.2 | 5,068 | | All International Bonds in Euros | Deutsche Bank | 80,355.5 | 7.8 | 303 | 1,025,579.6 | 2,529 | | Global High Yield Corporate Debt | Citigroup | 23,505.9 | 14.4 | 124 | 163,213.4 | 606 | | US Investment Grade | Citigroup | 138,874.2 | 20.2 | 526 | 688,639.2 | 1,845 | | All US Federal Credit Agency Debt | Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. | 96,512.0 | 11.2 | 721 | 861,750.8 | 10,606 | | US Mortgage-backed securities | Bear Stearns & Co. Inc. | 90,073.8 | 12.4 | 130 | 729,306.4 | 1,121 | | US Asset-backed securities | Citigroup | 82,962.3 | 9.7 | 177 | 856,713.0 | 1,595 | | All International Structured Finance | Citigroup | 31,470.5 | 10.5 | 37 | 299,233.3 | 308 | | Loans | | Global Loans | JP Morgan | 499,900.5 | 18.9 | 1,153 | 2,639,843.7 | 7,147 | | U.S. Syndicated Loans | JP Morgan | 430,208.7 | 32.1 | 1,014 | 1,339,007.3 | 3,448 | | EMEA Syndicated Loans | Barclays Capital | 89,869.1 | 9.7 | 252 | 923,783.1 | 1,423 | | U.S. Leveraged Loans | JP Morgan | 115,088.7 | 24.1 | 448 | 477,339.1 | 1,810 | | European Leveraged Loans | Royal Bank of Scotland | 16,006.6 | 13.6 | 64 | 117,337.1 | 233 | | EMEA Sponsored Loans | Royal Bank of Scotland | 17,526.7 | 16.4 | 58 | 106,909.5 | 189 | // Securities underwriting Securities underwriting is a way of placing a newly issued security, such as stocks or bonds, with investors. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
In business disclosed fees is debt and equity underwriting revenue reported by investment banks See also Thomson Financial league tables This article is a substub, the first step on the way to becoming a full article. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
Morgan Stanley NYSE: MS is an investment bank, retail broker, and credit card provider with headquarters in New York Citys Times Square. ...
A convertible security is a security (finance) that can be converted into another security, for example a bond that under certain terms can be converted into equity. ...
Morgan Stanley NYSE: MS is an investment bank, retail broker, and credit card provider with headquarters in New York Citys Times Square. ...
Common stock, also referred to as common shares, are, as the name implies, the most usual and commonly held form of stock in a corporation. ...
Morgan Stanley NYSE: MS is an investment bank, retail broker, and credit card provider with headquarters in New York Citys Times Square. ...
In financial markets, an initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of a companys common shares to public investors. ...
Morgan Stanley NYSE: MS is an investment bank, retail broker, and credit card provider with headquarters in New York Citys Times Square. ...
Morgan Stanley NYSE: MS is an investment bank, retail broker, and credit card provider with headquarters in New York Citys Times Square. ...
A convertible security is a security (finance) that can be converted into another security, for example a bond that under certain terms can be converted into equity. ...
Deutsche Bank AG NYSE: DB (German for German Bank) is a multinational bank operating worldwide and employing almost 64,000 people (Dec. ...
Common stock, also referred to as common shares, are, as the name implies, the most usual and commonly held form of stock in a corporation. ...
Morgan Stanley NYSE: MS is an investment bank, retail broker, and credit card provider with headquarters in New York Citys Times Square. ...
In financial markets, an initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of a companys common shares to public investors. ...
Categories: Corporation stubs | Banks of the United States | Investment banks ...
Debt is that which is owed. ...
A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is similar to a bond whose cash flows are backed by mortgage payments. ...
ABS is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings: Able-bodied Seaman / Able-bodied Seamen — (the original term was Able Seaman, abbreviated AB) ABS, a popular clothing brand by Allen B. Schwartz Always Better Service, the brand name of a computer manufacturing company. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon). ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon). ...
Deutsche Bank AG NYSE: DB (German for German Bank) is a multinational bank operating worldwide and employing almost 64,000 people (Dec. ...
High yield debt (non-investment grade or junk bond) is a business term referring to a corporate debt instrument, usually a bond, that has a higher yield (compared to investment grade debt) because of a high perceived credit risk (default risk). ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
Merrill Lynch & Co. ...
A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is similar to a bond whose cash flows are backed by mortgage payments. ...
Bear Stearns Companies Inc. ...
Asset-backed securities are a type of bond that is based on pools of assets. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
A loan is a type of debt. ...
John Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan I (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and banker, who at the turn of the century (1901), was one of the wealthiest men in America. ...
A syndicated loan (or syndicated bank facility) is a large loan in which a group of banks work together to provide funds for a borrower. ...
John Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan I (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and banker, who at the turn of the century (1901), was one of the wealthiest men in America. ...
A syndicated loan (or syndicated bank facility) is a large loan in which a group of banks work together to provide funds for a borrower. ...
Barclays Capital is the investment banking division of Barclays Bank plc. ...
John Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan I (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and banker, who at the turn of the century (1901), was one of the wealthiest men in America. ...
The Royal Bank of Scotland (LSE: RBS) is one of Scotlands four national clearing banks and one of the oldest in the UK, founded in Edinburgh in 1727 by Royal Charter. ...
The Royal Bank of Scotland (LSE: RBS) is one of Scotlands four national clearing banks and one of the oldest in the UK, founded in Edinburgh in 1727 by Royal Charter. ...
2003 Underwriting Leaders 1 January 2003 - 31 December 2003 (based on $ value) | Market Sector | # 1 Ranked Bookrunner | Proceeds ($ mils) | Market Share (%) | # of issues | Mrkt size ($ mils) | Mrkt issues | | Stock & Bonds | | Global Debt, Equity & Equity-related | Citigroup | 542,748.5 | 10.2 | 1,872 | 5,326,243.5 | 19,706 | | Global Disclosed Fees | Citigroup | 1,760.2 | 12.2 | 860 | 14,460.5 | 8,023 | | Stocks | | Global Equity & Equity-related | Goldman Sachs | 46,142.0 | 11.9 | 174 | 388,176.1 | 2,418 | | Global Convertible Offerings | JP Morgan | 21,550.8 | 13.1 | 70 | 164,468.3 | 486 | | Global Common Stock - U.S. Issuers | Goldman Sachs | 12,763.1 | 16.2 | 57 | 78,889.2 | 520 | | Global Initial Public Offerings - U.S. Issuers | Goldman Sachs | 2,657.9 | 19.2 | 13 | 13,849.2 | 79 | | Global Common Stock - EMEA | Goldman Sachs | 7,049.6 | 13.6 | 25 | 51,912.1 | 308 | | Global Initial Public Offerings - EMEA | Goldman Sachs | 1,816.8 | 20.5 | 3 | 8,870.7 | 97 | | Global Convertible Offerings - EMEA | Deutsche Bank | 8,275.0 | 17.9 | 17 | 46,171.0 | 76 | | Bonds | | Global Debt incl. MBS, ABS & U.S. Tax Munis | Citigroup | 501,813.5 | 10.2 | 1,655 | 1,867,147.7 | 7,068 | | All International Bonds | Citigroup | 209,749.0 | 9.7 | 512 | 2,161,992.6 | 4,536 | | All Euromarket Issues | Deutsche Bank | 109,514.4 | 7.8 | 446 | 1,396,912.9 | 3,568 | | All Bonds in Euros | Deutsche Bank | 80,424.7 | 8.3 | 272 | 964,888.9 | 2,229 | | Global High Yield Corporate Debt | Citigroup | 22,791.3 | 15.6 | 123 | 145,750.4 | 524 | | US Investment Grade | Citigroup | 135,196.2 | 20.5 | 563 | 658,664.7 | 1,868 | | All US Federal Credit Agency Debt | Deutsche Bank | 101,974.2 | 8.6 | 432 | 1,190,831.2 | 13,152 | | US Mortgage-backed Securities | UBS | 104,061.6 | 11.6 | 98 | 900,153.4 | 1,203 | | US Asset-backed securities | Citigroup | 64,915.7 | 11.2 | 147 | 580,823.4 | 1,175 | | Loans | | Global Loans | JP Morgan | 336,230.6 | 17.5 | 669 | 1,920,187.0 | 5,734 | | U.S. Syndicated Loans | JP Morgan | 277,361.4 | 28.3 | 553 | 979,626.9 | 2,962 | | EMEA Syndicated Loans | Citigroup | 67,439.7 | 10.3 | 138 | 657,566.8 | 1,069 | | U.S. Leveraged Loans | JP Morgan | 82,218.5 | 22.3 | 253 | 368,321.7 | 1,549 | | European Leveraged Loans | Barclays Capital | 9,949.7 | 9.3 | 34 | 107,336.5 | 222 | // Securities underwriting Securities underwriting is a way of placing a newly issued security, such as stocks or bonds, with investors. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
In business disclosed fees is debt and equity underwriting revenue reported by investment banks See also Thomson Financial league tables This article is a substub, the first step on the way to becoming a full article. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
A convertible security is a security (finance) that can be converted into another security, for example a bond that under certain terms can be converted into equity. ...
John Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan I (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and banker, who at the turn of the century (1901), was one of the wealthiest men in America. ...
Common stock, also referred to as common shares, are, as the name implies, the most usual and commonly held form of stock in a corporation. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
In financial markets, an initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of a companys common shares to public investors. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Common stock, also referred to as common shares, are, as the name implies, the most usual and commonly held form of stock in a corporation. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
In financial markets, an initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of a companys common shares to public investors. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
A convertible security is a security (finance) that can be converted into another security, for example a bond that under certain terms can be converted into equity. ...
Deutsche Bank AG NYSE: DB (German for German Bank) is a multinational bank operating worldwide and employing almost 64,000 people (Dec. ...
Debt is that which is owed. ...
A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is similar to a bond whose cash flows are backed by mortgage payments. ...
ABS is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings: Able-bodied Seaman / Able-bodied Seamen — (the original term was Able Seaman, abbreviated AB) ABS, a popular clothing brand by Allen B. Schwartz Always Better Service, the brand name of a computer manufacturing company. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon). ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
Deutsche Bank AG NYSE: DB (German for German Bank) is a multinational bank operating worldwide and employing almost 64,000 people (Dec. ...
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon). ...
Deutsche Bank AG NYSE: DB (German for German Bank) is a multinational bank operating worldwide and employing almost 64,000 people (Dec. ...
High yield debt (non-investment grade or junk bond) is a business term referring to a corporate debt instrument, usually a bond, that has a higher yield (compared to investment grade debt) because of a high perceived credit risk (default risk). ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
Deutsche Bank AG NYSE: DB (German for German Bank) is a multinational bank operating worldwide and employing almost 64,000 people (Dec. ...
A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is similar to a bond whose cash flows are backed by mortgage payments. ...
UBS AG NYSE: UBS, (SWX: CH0012032030) TYO: 8657 is a financial services company, headquartered in Basel and Zürich, Switzerland. ...
Asset-backed securities are a type of bond that is based on pools of assets. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
A loan is a type of debt. ...
John Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan I (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and banker, who at the turn of the century (1901), was one of the wealthiest men in America. ...
A syndicated loan (or syndicated bank facility) is a large loan in which a group of banks work together to provide funds for a borrower. ...
John Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan I (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and banker, who at the turn of the century (1901), was one of the wealthiest men in America. ...
A syndicated loan (or syndicated bank facility) is a large loan in which a group of banks work together to provide funds for a borrower. ...
Citigroup Inc. ...
John Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan I (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and banker, who at the turn of the century (1901), was one of the wealthiest men in America. ...
Barclays Capital is the investment banking division of Barclays Bank plc. ...
Mergers and acquisitions
2005 The phrase mergers and acquisitions (M&A) refers to the aspect of business strategy and management dealing with the merging and/or acquiring of different companies. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Sullivan & Cromwell is a renowned and highly-regarded U.S. law firm known for representing large corporations such as ExxonMobil and Microsoft. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Sullivan & Cromwell is a renowned and highly-regarded U.S. law firm known for representing large corporations such as ExxonMobil and Microsoft. ...
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. ...
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Affiliates (a. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Sullivan & Cromwell is a renowned and highly-regarded U.S. law firm known for representing large corporations such as ExxonMobil and Microsoft. ...
2004 Mergers & Acquisitions Leaders 1 January 2004 - 31 December 2004 (based on $ value) | Market Sector | # 1 Ranked Advisor | Market Share (%) | Fees & Rank Value $US mil | Mrkt size ($ mils) | | Worldwide Completed - Imputed Fees | Goldman Sachs & Co | -- | 897.8 | 14,312 | | Worldwide Announced Financial Advisors | Goldman Sachs & Co | 29.6 | 576,664.3 | 1,949,000.9 | | Worldwide Announced Legal Advisors | Sullivan & Cromwell | 22.1 | 430,160.1 | | Worldwide Completed Financial Advisors | Goldman Sachs & Co | 31.0 | 356,182.1 | 1,516,079.8 | | Worldwide Completed Legal Advisors | Sullivan & Cromwell | 33.0 | 500,244.3 | | US Announced Financial Advisors | JP Morgan Chase | 32.5 | 270,792.4 | | US Announced Legal Advisors | Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom | 30.5 | 254,428.2 | | US Completed Financial Advisors | Goldman Sachs & Co | 36.0 | 269,476.7 | | US Completed Legal Advisors | Sullivan & Cromwell | 30.8 | 230,415.3 | The phrase mergers and acquisitions (M&A) refers to the aspect of business strategy and management dealing with the merging and/or acquiring of different companies. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Sullivan & Cromwell is a renowned and highly-regarded U.S. law firm known for representing large corporations such as ExxonMobil and Microsoft. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Sullivan & Cromwell is a renowned and highly-regarded U.S. law firm known for representing large corporations such as ExxonMobil and Microsoft. ...
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. ...
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Affiliates (a. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Sullivan & Cromwell is a renowned and highly-regarded U.S. law firm known for representing large corporations such as ExxonMobil and Microsoft. ...
2003 Mergers & Acquisitions Leaders 1 January 2003 - 31 December 2003 (based on $ value) | Market Sector | # 1 Ranked Advisor | Market Share (%) | Rank Value $US mil | Mrkt size ($ mils) | | Worldwide Announced Financial Advisors | Goldman Sachs & Co | 29.5 | 392,699.5 | 1,379,541.5 | | Worldwide Announced Legal Advisors | Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom | 13.2 | 175,812.9 | | Worldwide Completed Financial Advisors | Goldman Sachs & Co | 31.0 | 356,182.1 | 1,206,972.9 | | Worldwide Completed Legal Advisors | Linklaters | 17.9 | 205,727.4 | | US Announced Financial Advisors | Goldman Sachs & Co | 45.6 | 239,420.6 | | US Announced Legal Advisors | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett | 19.5 | 102,569.8 | | US Completed Financial Advisors | Goldman Sachs & Co | 44.9 | 200,854.1 | | US Completed Legal Advisors | Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom | 27.3 | 122,171.0 | The phrase mergers and acquisitions (M&A) refers to the aspect of business strategy and management dealing with the merging and/or acquiring of different companies. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Affiliates (a. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Linklaters is an international law firm with headquarters in the UK and offices in 22 countries around the world. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP is one of the largest law firms in New York and a leader in assisting clients in mergers and acquisitions. ...
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Affiliates (a. ...
See also Debt is used to finance and pay for undertakings and business around the world. ...
Financial services is a term used to refer to the services provided by the finance industry. ...
The phrase mergers and acquisitions (M&A) refers to the aspect of business strategy and management dealing with the merging and/or acquiring of different companies. ...
// Securities underwriting Securities underwriting is a way of placing a newly issued security, such as stocks or bonds, with investors. ...
External links - Thomson - Financial - League Tables
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