|
The superior thoracic aperture refers to the superior opening of the thoracic cavity. It is also referred to anatomically as the thoracic inlet and clinically as the thoracic outlet. It is important to note that the clinical entity called the Thoracic outlet syndrome does not refer to the inferior thoracic aperture. Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) consists of a group of distinct disorders that affect the nerves in the brachial plexus (nerves that pass into the arms from the neck) and various nerves and blood vessels between the base of the neck and axilla (armpit). ...
The inferior thoracic aperture is much larger than the superior thoracic aperture. ...
Boundaries The thoracic inlet is essentially a hole surrounded by a bony ring, through which several vital structures pass.
The superior thoracic aperture is bounded by: the first thoracic vertebra (T1) posteriorly, the first pair of ribs laterally (more specifically, the first ribs form lateral C-shaped curves posterior to anterior), and the superior border of the manubrium anteriorly. A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
The human rib cage. ...
Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ...
Relations The clavicles articulate with the manubrium, so form an anterior relation of thoracic inlet. Superior to the thoracic inlet is the root of the neck, and the superior mediastinum is related inferiorly. Left clavicle - from above Left clavicle - from below Collarbone (a bone) redirects here. ...
The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. ...
The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. ...
The brachial plexuses are superolateral relations of the thoracic inlet. The brachial plexus emerges between the anterior and middle scalene muscle, superior to the first rib and pass obliquely and inferiorly, underneath the clavicle, into the shoulder and then the arm. Impingement of the plexus in the region of the scalenes, ribs and clavicles is responsible for thoracic outlet syndrome. The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. ...
The scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. ...
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) consists of a group of distinct disorders that affect the nerves in the brachial plexus (nerves that pass into the arms from the neck) and various nerves and blood vessels between the base of the neck and axilla (armpit). ...
Contents Structures that pass through the superior thoracic aperture include: This is not an exhaustive list. There are several other minor but important vessels and nerves passing through, and an abnormally large thyroid gland may extend inferiorly through the thoracic inlet into the superior mediastinum. Trachea (IPA: ) is a common biological term for an airway through which respiratory gas transport takes place in organisms. ...
The esophagus, oe/œsophagus*, or gullet is the muscular tube in vertebrates through which ingested food passes from the mouth area to the stomach. ...
The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5). ...
The vagus nerve (or pneumogastric nerve) is the tenth of twelve paired cranial nerves, and is the only nerve that starts in the brainstem (within the medulla oblongata) and extends, through the jugular foramen, down below the head, to the abdomen. ...
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve (the tenth cranial nerve) which supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). ...
Left Common Carotid Artery- One of three arteries that originate along the aortic arch. ...
The brachiocephalic artery (or trunk) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head. ...
The subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. ...
The external and internal jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. ...
The Brachiocephalic vein is also known as the innominate vein, the left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding jugular vein and subclavian vein. ...
The subclavian vein is a continuation of the axillary vein and runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border of anterior scalene muscle. ...
Structure of the lymph node. ...
In mammals including humans, the lymphatic vessels (or lymphatics) are a network of thin tubes that branch, like blood vessels, into tissues throughout the body. ...
The thyroid gland and its relations In anatomy, the thyroid (IPA θaɪɹoɪd) is an endocrine gland. ...
The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. ...
The oesophagus lies against the body of the T1 vertebra, separated from it by the prevertebral fascia, and the trachea lies infront of the oesophagus, in the midline, and may touch the manubrium. The apices of the lungs lie to either side of the oesophagus and trachea, and separated from them by the other vessels and nerves listed above. The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates. ...
Reference McMinn, RMH (Ed) (1994) Last's Anatomy: Regional and applied (9th Ed). London: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-04662X
External links |
Feeds |
Contact