Thoth (Ramesseum, Luxor)

Thoth (his Greek name derived from the Egyptian *ḏiḥautī, written by Egyptians as ḏḥwty) was considered one of the most important deities of the Egyptian pantheon, often depicted with the head of an ibis. His feminine counterpart was Ma'at.^[1] His chief shrine was at Khemennu, where he was the head of the local company of gods, later renamed Hermopolis by the Greeks (in reference to him through the Greeks' interpretation that he was the same as Hermes) and Eshmûnên by the Arabs. He also had shrines in Abydos, Hesert, Urit, Per-Ab, Rekhui, Ta-ur, Sep, Hat, Pselket, Talmsis, Antcha-Mutet, Bah, Amen-heri-ab, and Ta-kens.^[2] Thoth (from Ramesseum). ... Thoth (from Ramesseum). ... Ramesseum from the air - showing pylons and secondary buildings The Ramesseum is the memorial temple (or mortuary temple) of Pharaoh Ramesses II (Ramesses the Great, also spelt Ramses and Rameses). It is located in the Theban necropolis in Upper Egypt, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. ... Luxor on Nile, at Luxor Temple with mosque. ... God, as a male deity, contrasts with female deities, or goddesses. While the term goddess specifically refers to a female deity, words like gods and deities can be applied to all gods collectively, regardless of gender. ... A pantheon (from Greek Πάνθειον, temple of all gods, from πᾶν, all + θεός, god) is a set of all the gods of a particular religion or mythology, such as the gods of Hinduism, Norse, Egyptian, Shintoism, Greek, vodun, Yoruba Mythology and Roman mythology. ... Genera Threskiornis Pseudibis Thaumatibis Geronticus Nipponia Bostrychia Theristicus Cercibis Mesembrinibis Phimosus Eudocimus Plegadis Lophotibis Ibises are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae. ... [1] Maat, reconstructed to have been pronounced as * (Muh-aht)[2], was the Ancient Egyptian concept of law, morality, and justice[3] which was deified as a goddess. ... Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II. According to the vertical inscriptions he set up this obelisk at the doorway of the sanctuary of Thoth, the Twice-Great, Lord of Hermopolis. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predominantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, Alawite Islam, Druzism, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ... Abydos (Arabic: أبيدوس, Greek Αβυδος), one of the most ancient cities of Upper Egypt, is about 11 km (6 miles) west of the Nile at latitude 26° 10 N. The Egyptian name was Abdju (technically, 3bdw, hieroglyphs shown to the right), the hill of the symbol or reliquary, in which the sacred... Per is the hieroglyph for house, the floor-plan of a walled building with an open doorway. ...

He was considered the heart and tongue of Ra as well as the means by which Ra's will was translated into speech.^[3] He has also been likened to the Logos of Plato^[3] and the mind of God.^[4] (see The All) In the Egyptian mythology, he has played many vital and prominent roles, including being one of the two gods (the other being Ma'at) who stood on either side of Ra's boat.^[5] He has further been involved in arbitration,^[6] magic, writing, science,^[7] and the judging of the dead.^[8] The heart and lungs, from an older edition of Grays Anatomy. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... // For the racing driver, see Will Power. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up logos in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... PLATO was one of the first generalized Computer assisted instruction systems, originally built by the University of Illinois (U of I) and later taken over by Control Data Corporation (CDC), who provided the machines it ran on. ... Nous (Νους) is a Greek word (pronounced noose), that corresponds to the English words intelligence, intellect, or mind. ... The All is the Hermetic version of God, to some and not to others. ... Egyptian mythology or Egyptian religion is the succession of tentative beliefs held by the people of Egypt for over three thousand years, prior to major exposure to Christianity and Islam. ... Arbitration is a legal technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts, wherein the parties to a dispute refer it to one or more persons (the arbitrators or arbitral tribunal), by whose decision (the award) they agree to be bound. ... The Sorceress by John William Waterhouse Magic and sorcery are the influencing of events, objects, people and physical phenomena by mystical, paranormal or supernatural means. ... Illustration of a scribe writing Writing, in its most common sense, is the preservation of and the preserved text on a medium, with the use of signs or symbols. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...

Name

Etymology

According to Theodor Hopfner,^[10] Thoth's Egyptian name written as ḏḥwty originated from ḏḥw, claimed to be the oldest known name for the ibis although normally written as hbj. The addition of -ty denotes that he possessed the attributes of the ibis.^[11] Hence his name means "He who is like the ibis". It has been suggested that Hieroglyph (French Wiki article) be merged into this article or section. ... Genera Threskiornis Pseudibis Thaumatibis Geronticus Nipponia Bostrychia Theristicus Cercibis Mesembrinibis Phimosus Eudocimus Plegadis Lophotibis Ibises are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae. ...

The Egyptian pronunciation of ḏḥwty is not fully known, but may be reconstructed as *ḏiḥautī, based on the Ancient Greek borrowing Θωθ Thōth or Theut and the fact that it evolved into Sahidic Coptic variously as Thoout, Thōth, Thoot, Thaut as well as Bohairic Coptic Thōout. The final -y may even have been pronounced as a consonant, not a vowel.^[12] However, many write "Djehuty", inserting the letter 'e' automatically between consonants in Egyptian words, and writing 'w' as 'u', as a convention of convenience for English speakers, not the transliteration employed by Egyptologists.^[13] Note: This article contains special characters. ... The Coptic language is a direct descendant of the ancient Egyptian language which was once written in Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts. ... The Coptic language is a direct descendant of the ancient Egyptian language which was once written in Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts. ... In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ...

Alternate names

Djehuty is sometimes alternatively rendered as Tahuti, Tehuti, Zehuti, Techu, or Tetu. Thoth (also Thot or Thout) is the Greek version derived from the letters ḏḥwty. It has been suggested that Hieroglyph (French Wiki article) be merged into this article or section. ...

Not counting differences in spelling, Thoth had many names and titles, like other gods and goddesses. Similarly, each Pharaoh, considered a god himself, had five different names used in public.^[15] Among his alternate names are A, Sheps, Lord of Khemennu, Asten, Khenti, Mehi, Hab, and A'an.^[16] In addition, Thoth was also known by specific aspects of himself, for instance the moon god A'ah-Djehuty, representing the moon for the entire month,^[17] or as jt-nṯr "god father". Pharaoh was the ancient Egyptian name for the office of kingship. ... Ancient Egyptian religion was polytheistic. ...

Further, the Greeks related Thoth to their god Hermes due to his similar attributes and functions.^[18] One of Thoth 's titles, "Three times great, great" (see Titles) was translated to the Greek τρισμεγιστος (Trismegistos) making Hermes Trismegistus.^[19] Hermes bearing the infant Dionysus, by Praxiteles, found at the Heraion, Olympia, 1877 Hermes (Greek, , IPA: ), in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators and wit, of literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures... Thoth (Ramesseum, Luxor) Thoth (his Greek name derived from the Egyptian *, written by Egyptians as ) was considered one of the most important deities of the Egyptian pantheon, often depicted with the head of an ibis. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Depictions

Thoth has been depicted in many ways depending on the era and on the aspect the artist wished to convey. Usually, he is depicted in human form with the head of an ibis.^[20] In this form, he can be represented as the reckoner of times and seasons by a lunar disk sitting in a crescent moon being placed atop his head. When depicted as a form of Shu or Ankher, he will wear the respective god's headdress. He also is sometimes seen wearing the atef crown and the United Crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt.^[21] Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man or knowing man) in the family Hominidae (the great apes). ... In Egyptian mythology, Shu (meaning dryness and he who rises up) is one of the primordial gods, a personification of air, one of the Ennead of Heliopolis. ... Headgear, headwear or headdress is the name given to any element of clothing which is worn on ones head. ... Atef is the white crown of the Egyptian Deity Osiris. ...

When not depicted in this common form, he sometimes takes the form of the ibis directly.^[20] He also appears as a baboon when he is A'an, the god of equilibrium.^[22] In the form of A'ah-Djehuty he took a more human-looking form.^[23] Type species Simia hamadryas Linnaeus, 1758 Species Papio hamadryas Papio papio Papio anubis Papio cynocephalus Papio ursinus The five baboon species are some of the largest non-hominid members of the primate order; only the Mandrill and the Drill are larger. ...

These forms are all symbolic and are metaphors for Thoth's attributes. The Egyptians did not believe these gods actually looked like humans with animal heads. For example, Thoth's counterpart Ma'at is often depicted with an ostrich feather for a head.^[24] Look up metaphor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Carolus Linnaeus, 1758 The present-day distribution of Ostriches. ... Two feathers Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. ...

Attributes

Thoth, depicted with an ibis head.

Egyptologists disagree on Thoth's nature depending upon their view of the Egyptian pantheon. Most egyptologists today side with Sir Flinders Petrie that Egyptian religion was strictly polytheistic, in which Thoth would be a separate god. His contemporary adversary, E. A. Wallis Budge, however, thought Egyptian religion to be primarily monotheistic^[25] where all the gods and goddesses were aspects of the God Ra, similar to the Trinity in Christianity and devas in Hinduism.^[26] In this view, Thoth would be the aspect of Ra which the Egyptian mind would relate to the heart and tongue. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (711x1306, 312 KB) Published in The Gods of the Egyptians Volume 1 by E. A. Wallis Budge, circa 1904. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (711x1306, 312 KB) Published in The Gods of the Egyptians Volume 1 by E. A. Wallis Budge, circa 1904. ... An Egyptologist is any archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specializes in Egyptology, the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and its antiquities. ... Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (3 June 1853 – 28 July 1942) was an English Egyptologist and a pioneer of systematic methodology in archaeology. ... Polytheism is belief in or worship of multiple gods or deities. ... E. A. Wallis Budge in his office at the British Museum around the turn of the century. ... For the Celtic Frost album, see Monotheist (album) In theology, monotheism (from Greek one and god) is the belief in the existence of one deity or God, or in the oneness of God. ... Statue of Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture For the 1934 film, see, see The Goddess (1934 film). ... This article or section contains too many quotations for an encyclopedic entry. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... It has been suggested that Deva (tribe) be merged into this article or section. ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages) is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ...

His roles in Egyptian mythology were many. Thoth served as a mediating power, especially between good and evil, making sure neither had a decisive victory over the other.^[27] He also served as scribe of the gods,^[28] credited with the invention of writing and alphabets (ie. hieroglyphs) themselves.^[29] In the underworld, Duat, he appeared as an ape, A'an, the god of equilibrium, who reported when the scales weighing the deceased's heart against the feather, representing the principle of Ma'at, was exactly even.^[30] Mediation, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), aims to assist two (or more) disputants in reaching an agreement. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... In religion evil refers to anything against the will or law of the god(s). ... // In the study of mythology and religion, the underworld is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term afterlife, referring to any place to which newly dead souls go. ... In Egyptian mythology, Duat (also called Akert or Amenthes) is the underworld, where the sun traveled from west to east during the night and where dead souls were judged by Osiris, using a feather, representing Truth. ... Aani is the dog-headed ape sacred to the Egyptian god Thoth. ...

The ancient Egyptians regarded Thoth as One, self-begotten, and self-produced.^[20] He was the master of both physical and moral (ie. Divine) law,^[20] making proper use of Ma'at.^[3] He is credited with making the calculations for the establishment of the heavens, stars, Earth,^[31] and everything in them.^[3] Compare this to how his feminine counterpart, Ma'at was the force which maintained the Universe.^[32] He is said to direct the motions of the heavenly bodies. Without his words, the Egyptians believed, the gods would not exist.^[33] His power was almost unlimited in the Underworld and rivalled that of Ra and Osiris.^[20] “Natural” redirects here. ... -1... For other uses, see Divinity (disambiguation) and Divine (disambiguation). ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ...

The Egyptians credited him as the author of all works of science, religion, philosophy, and magic.^[34] The Greeks further declared him the inventor of astronomy, astrology, the science of numbers, mathematics, geometry, land surveying, medicine, botany, theology, civilized government, the alphabet, reading, writing, and oratory. They further claimed he was the true author of every work of every branch of knowledge, human and divine.^[35] The philosopher Socrates about to take poison hemlock as ordered by the court. ... A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant Astronomy (also frequently referred to as astrophysics) is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). ... Hand-coloured version of the anonymous Flammarion woodcut (1888). ... Numerology is any of many systems, traditions or beliefs in a mystical or esoteric relationship between numbers and physical objects or living things. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... Calabi-Yau manifold Geometry (Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth, metria = measure) is a part of mathematics concerned with questions of size, shape, and relative position of figures and with properties of space. ... Surveyor at work Surveying is the art and science of accurately determining the position of points and the distances between them. ... medicines, see Medication. ... Pinguicula grandiflora Example of a Cross Section of a Stem [1] Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... For other uses, see Civilization (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Alphabet (disambiguation). ... Reading is a process of retrieving and comprehending some form of stored information or ideas. ... Oratory is the art of eloquent speech. ...

Mythology

Thoth has played a prominent role in many of the Egyptian myths. Displaying his role as arbitrator, he had overseen the three epic battles between good and evil. All three battles are fundamentally the same and belong to different periods. The first battle took place between Ra and Apep, the second between Heru-Bekhutet and Set, and the third between Horus, the son of Osiris, and Set. In each instance, the former god represented good while the latter represented evil. If one god was seriously injured, Thoth would heal them to prevent either from overtaking the other. An Egyptian deity wards off the snake-like Apep In Egyptian mythology, Apep (also spelled Apepi, and Aapep, or Apophis in Greek) was an evil demon, the deification of darkness and chaos, and thus opponent of light and Maat (order/truth), whose existence was believed about from the Middle... In Egyptian mythology, Set (also spelled Sutekh, Setesh, Seteh) is an ancient god, who was originally the god of the desert, one of the two main biomes that constitutes Egypt, the other being the small fertile area on either side of the Nile. ... This page is about the Egyptian deity. ... OSIRIS is the name of three entirely separate astronomical instruments. ...

Thoth was also prominent in the Osiris myth, being of great aid to Isis. After Isis gathered together the pieces of Osiris' dismembered body, he gave her the words to resurrect him so she could be impregnated and bring forth Horus, named for his uncle. When Horus was slain, Thoth gave the formulae to resurrect him as well. Similar to God speaking the words to create the heavens and Earth in Judeo-Christian mythology, Thoth, being the god who always speaks the words that fulfill the wishes of Ra, spoke the words that created the heavens and Earth in Egyptian mythology. Isis is a goddess in Egyptian mythology. ... Look up Resurrection in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The Ancient and Medieval cosmos as depicted in Peter Apians Cosmographia (Antwerp, 1539). ... This article is about Earth as a planet. ... Judeo-Christian (or Judaeo-Christian) is a term used to describe the body of concepts and values which are thought to be held in common by Judaism and Christianity, and typically considered (sometimes along with classical Greco-Roman civilization) a fundamental basis for Western legal codes and moral values. ...

Mythology also accredits him with the creation of the 365 day calendar. Originally, according to the myth, the year was only 360 days long and Nut with sterility during these days, unable to bear children. Thoth gambled with Khonsu, the moon, for 1/72nd of its light (360/72 = 5), or 5 days, and won. During these 5 days, she gave birth to Kheru-ur (Horus the Elder, Face of Heaven), Osiris, Set, Isis, and Nepthys. A page from the Hindu calendar 1871-72. ... In Egyptian mythology, Nuit or Nut was the sky goddess, in contrast to most other mythologies, which usually have a sky father. ... In Egyptian mythology, Chons (alternately Khensu, Khons, Khonsu or Khonshu) is a lunar deity, and a son of Amun and Mut. ... This page is about the Egyptian deity. ... In Egyptian mythology, Nephthys is a goddess of the underworld, as well as childbirth. ...

In the Ogdoad cosmogony myth, Thoth gave birth to Ra, Atum, Nefertum, and Khepri by laying an egg while in the form of an ibis, or later as a goose laying a golden egg. In Egyptian mythology, the Ogdoad are the eight deities worshipped in Hermopolis. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... History Atum (alternatively spelt Tem, Temu, Tum, and Atem) is an early deity in Egyptian mythology, whose cult centred on the Ennead of Heliopolis. ... In Egyptian mythology, Nefertum (also Nefertum, Nefer-Tem, Nefer-Temu) is the god of the lotus plant and a solar deity associated with the sunrise. ... Khepri as a scarab beetle, pushing the sun across the sky In Egyptian mythology, Khepri (also spelt Khepera, Kheper, Chepri, Khepra) is the name of a minor god. ... In most birds and reptiles, an egg (Latin ovum) is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. ... Look up goose in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A hen or chicken that is usually depicted laying golden eggs for its owner. ...

History

Thoth, sitting on his throne.

He was originally the deification of the moon in the Ogdoad belief system. Initially, in that system, the moon had been seen to be the eye of Horus, the sky god, which had been semi-blinded (thus darker) in a fight against Set, the other eye being the sun. However, over time it began to be considered separately, becoming a lunar deity in its own right, and was said to have been another son of Ra. As the crescent moon strongly resembles the curved beak of the ibis, this separate deity was named Djehuty (i.e. Thoth), meaning ibis. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (709x1288, 331 KB) Published in The Gods of the Egyptians Volume 1 by E. A. Wallis Budge, circa 1904. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (709x1288, 331 KB) Published in The Gods of the Egyptians Volume 1 by E. A. Wallis Budge, circa 1904. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ... In Egyptian mythology, the Ogdoad are the eight deities worshipped in Hermopolis. ... This page is about the Egyptian deity. ... In Egyptian mythology, Set (also spelled Sutekh, Setesh, Seteh) is an ancient god, who was originally the god of the desert, one of the two main biomes that constitutes Egypt, the other being the small fertile area on either side of the Nile. ... An 18th century drawing of Khoikhoi worshipping the moon In mythology, a lunar deity is a god or goddess associated with or symbolizing the moon: see moon (mythology). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Genera Threskiornis Pseudibis Thaumatibis Geronticus Nipponia Bostrychia Theristicus Cercibis Mesembrinibis Phimosus Eudocimus Plegadis Lophotibis Ibises are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae. ...

Thoth became associated with the Moon, due to the Ancient Egyptians observation that Baboons (sacred to Thoth) 'sang' to the moon at night.

The Moon not only provides light at night, allowing the time to still be measured without the sun, but its phases and prominence gave it a significant importance in early astrology/astronomy. The cycles of the moon also organized much of Egyptian society's civil, and religious, rituals, and events. Consequently, Thoth gradually became seen as a god of wisdom, magic, and the measurement, and regulation, of events, and of time. He was thus said to be the secretary and counsellor of Ra, and with Ma'at (truth/order) stood next to Ra on the nightly voyage across the sky, Ra being a sun god. A pocket watch, a device used to tell time Look up time in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In astronomy, a phase of the Moon is any of the aspects or appearances presented by the Moon as seen from Earth, determined by the portion of the Moon that is visibly illuminated by the Sun. ... Hand-coloured version of the anonymous Flammarion woodcut (1888). ... A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant Astronomy (also frequently referred to as astrophysics) is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A belief in magic as a means of influencing the world seems to have been common in all cultures. ... [1] Maat, reconstructed to have been pronounced as * (Muh-aht)[2], was the Ancient Egyptian concept of law, morality, and justice[3] which was deified as a goddess. ... A common dictionary definition of truth is agreement with fact or reality.[1] There is no single definition of truth about which the majority of philosophers agree. ... A typical daytime sky. ... It has been suggested that Sun cults be merged into this article or section. ...

Thoth became credited by the ancient Egyptians as the inventor of writing, and was also considered to have been the scribe of the underworld, and the moon became occasionally considered a separate entity, now that Thoth had less association with it, and more with wisdom. For this reason Thoth was universally worshipped by ancient Egyptian Scribes. Many scribes had a painting or a picture of Thoth in their "office". Likewise, one of the symbols for scribes was that of the ibis. Illustration of a scribe writing Writing, in its most common sense, is the preservation of and the preserved text on a medium, with the use of signs or symbols. ...

In art, Thoth was usually depicted with the head of an ibis, deriving from his name, and the curve of the ibis' beak, which resembles the crescent moon. Sometimes, he was depicted as a baboon holding up a crescent moon, as the baboon was seen as a nocturnal, and intelligent, creature. The association with baboons led to him occasionally being said to have as a consort Astennu, one of the (male) baboons at the place of judgement in the underworld, and on other occasions, Astennu was said to be Thoth himself. The Bath, a painting by Mary Cassatt (1844–1926). ... Type species Simia hamadryas Linnaeus, 1758 Species Papio hamadryas Papio papio Papio anubis Papio cynocephalus Papio ursinus The five baboon species are some of the largest non-hominid members of the primate order; only the Mandrill and the Drill are larger. ... In Egyptian mythology, Astennu (or Asten) refers to a companion of Thoth, one of the Utennu apes, and to Thoth himself in his ape-like form. ... In Egyptian mythology, Duat (also called Akert or Amenthes) is the underworld, where the sun traveled from west to east during the night and where dead souls were judged by Osiris, using a feather, representing Truth. ...

During the late period of Egyptian history a cult of Thoth gained prominence, due to its main centre, Khnum (Hermopolis Magna), also becoming the capital, and millions of dead ibis were mummified and buried in his honour. The rise of his cult also led to his cult seeking to adjust mythology to give Thoth a greater role. Hathor The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. ... This article does not discuss cult in its original sense of religious practice; for that usage see Cult (religious practice). ... Bold textItalic text--212. ... Genera Threskiornis Pseudibis Thaumatibis Geronticus Nipponia Bostrychia Theristicus Cercibis Mesembrinibis Phimosus Eudocimus Plegadis Lophotibis Ibises are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae. ...

Thoth was inserted in many tales as the wise counsel and persuader, and his association with learning, and measurement, led him to be connected with Seshat, the earlier deification of wisdom, who was said to be his daughter, or variably his wife. Thoth's qualities also led to him being identified by the Greeks with their closest matching god - Hermes, with whom Thoth was eventually combined, as Hermes Trismegistus, also leading to the Greeks naming Thoth's cult centre as Hermopolis, meaning city of Hermes. you fugly bitches! if you are reading this, you are gay! who ever wrote thatabove , i am going to sue you! In Egyptian mythology, Seshat (also spelt Sesat, Sesheta, and Seshata) was originally the deification of the concept of wisdom, and so became a goddess of writing, astronomy/astrology, architecture... Hermes bearing the infant Dionysus, by Praxiteles, found at the Heraion, Olympia, 1877 Hermes (Greek, , IPA: ), in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators and wit, of literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

It is also viewed that Thoth was the God of Scribe and not a messenger. Anubis was viewed as the messenger of the gods, as he travelled in and out of the Underworld, to the presence of the gods, and to humans, as well. Some call this fusion Hermanubis. It is in more favor that Thoth was a record keeper, and not the messenger. Anubis is the Greek name for the ancient jackal-headed god of the dead in Egyptian mythology whose hieroglyphic version is more accurately spelled Anpu (also Anupu, Anbu, Wip, Ienpw, Inepu, Yinepu, Inpu, or Inpw). ... In classical mythology, Hermanubis was a god who combined Hermes (Greek mythology) with Anubis (Egyptian mythology). ...

There is also an Egyptian pharaoh of the Sixteenth dynasty of Egypt named Djehuty (Thoth) after him, and who reigned for three years. Pharaoh was the ancient Egyptian name for the office of kingship. ... Categories: Articles to be expanded ...

Titles

Thoth, like many Egyptian gods and nobility, held many titles. Among these were "Scribe of Ma'at in the Company of the Gods," "Lord of Ma'at," "Lord of Divine Words," "Judge of the Two Combatant Gods,"^[37] "Judge of the Rekhekhui, the pacifier of the Gods, who Dwelleth in Unnu, the Great God in the Temple of Abtiti,"^[38] "Twice Great," "Thrice Great,"^[20] " and "Three Times Great, Great."^[39] It has been suggested that Hieroglyph (French Wiki article) be merged into this article or section. ... [1] Maat, reconstructed to have been pronounced as * (Muh-aht)[2], was the Ancient Egyptian concept of law, morality, and justice[3] which was deified as a goddess. ...

Thoth in more recent times

One of the most popular and cited works on the Tarot was connected to this deity. Written by the occultist Aleister Crowley, The Book of Thoth is a philosophical text on the usage of Tarot and, most notably, Crowley's own created Tarot Deck, the Thoth Tarot which he also referred to as The Book of Thoth, where the name is taken from a "non-existent" (translations from papyrus of an actual Book of Thoth DO exist, titled 'The Ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth' by Jasnow and Zauzich) book in Egyptian mythology, believed to contain ancient knowledge originally brought to man by this deity. Crowley commissioned Lady Frieda Harris to assist him in painting the Thoth Deck. Visconti-Sforza tarot deck - The Devil card is a XX Century remake of the card missing from the original XV Century Deck The tarot is a set of cards featuring 21 trump cards and a special card called The Fool, in addition to the usual suit (face and pip) cards... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947; the surname is pronounced // i. ... In Egyptian mythology, Thoth is the god of wisdom, time, writing, magic and the moon. ... Visconti-Sforza tarot deck - The Devil card is a XX Century remake of the card missing from the original XV Century Deck The tarot is a set of cards featuring 21 trump cards and a special card called The Fool, in addition to the usual suit (face and pip) cards... The Thoth Tarot is a Tarot deck painted by Lady Frieda Harris according to instructions from Aleister Crowley. ... Lady Harris and Aleister Crowley // Frieda Harris and Thoth Tarot By an accident of fate Frieda Harris was commissioned by Aleister Crowley to paint the Thoth Tarot. ...

A text entitled The Emerald Tablets of Thoth-The-Atlantean has been claimed to have been translated by a man named Doreal. The introduction claims them to be written by an Atlantean Priest-King named Thoth, who settled a colony in Egypt after Atlantis sunk. Doreal further claims the texts are 36,000 years old.^[40] Regardless of the authenticity of the text, it contains much Hermetic and Egyptian symbolism that Doreal misses. Picture of Platos description of Atlantis Atlantis (Greek: , Island of Atlas) is the name of a legendary island first mentioned in Platos dialogues Timaeus and Critias. ...

It is also interesting to note that of legend there is apparently some connection between Thoth, and the number 42. Many historians and researches of Thoth claim that it is not 'The Book of Thoth' or the 'Emerald Tablets of Thoth', but actually the '42 Books of Thoth' These books are often also referred to as the 42 Books of Instructions or the 42 Books of Thoth which describe the instructions for achieving immortality plus 2 more books kept separately, mirroring the 42+2 chromosomes and the sacred geometry embedded in the Great Pyramid. A number is an abstract idea used in counting and measuring. ... This article is about the year 42. ... The Parthenons facade showing an interpretation of golden rectangles in its proportions. ...

Thoth/Djehuty in pop culture

• The Orbital Frame Jehuty, from the game, Zone of the Enders (published by Konami) is based on Thoth/Djehuty.
• Using the name 'Mister Ibis', Thoth works as a mortician alongside Anubis (as 'Mister Jacquel') in Cairo, Illinois, in Neil Gaiman's American Gods. He later acts as a psychopomp, guiding the main character to his final judgment.
• In the Palladium Fantasy RPG Series, Thoth is the name taken by an Alien Intelligence, a Great Old One who once was the leader of the Old Ones, and who through treachery and ultra-powerful magics is currently unaware of his own origins as an Old One. He believes himself to be an actual founding member of the Egyptian Pantheon and stalwart of the Forces of Light; ironically, it was he, as Thoth, who created the spell that successfully imprisoned the other Old Ones in the first place.
• The Ring of Thoth (aka: The Mummy) was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle for The Cornhill Magazine published Jan 1890.[1]
• Thoth was a minor Goa'uld scientist serving Anubis in the Kull Warrior R&D on the planet Tartarus. Thoth was killed by Samantha Carter. (Season 7 Stargate SG-1 episode "Evolution part II")
• Thoth is also a Carnival Krewe in New Orleans, Louisiana, which parades on the Sunday before Mardi Gras. The Krewe features a float decorated with a large depiction of the ancient deity.
• Djehuty is the name of a three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamical code for modelling stars at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.[2]
• He is also the administrator of the Library where superhero/librarian Rex works, in the comic Rex Libris by James Turner
• In Age of Mythology, Thoth can be worshipped. He grants his followers Phoenixes, War Turtles and Meteors.
• Thoth appears in the OKEY-DOKEY comic book series as the Non-Local Prometheus.
• Thoth was the name of an Artificial Intelligence in the Marathon Trilogy, created by the S'pht on their homeworld, Lh'owon.
• Thoth, as a person's name has appeared at least twice in the late twentieth century.
  • S. K. Thoth is the name of a street performer, who was born in 1954, in Queens, New York, United States. Sarah Kernochan directed a film about him in 2002, which won an Academy Award, in the same year. Thoth later performed on the television show America's Got Talent in 2007 with a violin and various bells around his ankles. He did not make it past the first round, receiving two votes against him (from David Hasselhoff and Piers Morgan) and one vote for him (from Sharon Osbourne).
  • Thoth Harris (born, in 1972, in North Vancouver, B.C. Canada), is the name of a writer and spoken word performer who hosted spoken word cabarets in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from 1998 - 2002. He now lives in Fongyuan, Taiwan as a teacher, and writes a blog entitled The Montreal Writers' Storm Sewer.[3]
• Thoth is a member of the wizard pantheon, alongside Anhur and Ptah, in the game NetHack. Thoth is worshipped by neutral characters.
• Thoth's name is borrowed for the character of Mr. Thoth in The Crying of Lot 49, a novel by Thomas Pynchon.
• Thoth is a path one can follow in Egyptian MMORPG Ankhet. On this path you can use various magicks to strike your opponents from afar.

// An Orbital Frame is an advanced giant mecha in the fictional universe of Zone of the Enders. ... Zone of the Enders, also known as Z.O.E, is a video game that was developed and published by Konami in 2001 for the PlayStation 2. ... Konami Corporation ) (TYO: 9766 NYSE: KNM SGX: K20) is a leading developer and publisher of numerous popular and strong-selling toys, trading cards, anime, tokusatsu, slot machines and video games. ... This article is about the vocation of a mortician and the death metal band; for the World Wrestling Entertainment superstar, see The Undertaker. ... Anubis is the Greek name for the ancient jackal-headed god of the dead in Egyptian mythology whose hieroglyphic version is more accurately spelled Anpu (also Anupu, Anbu, Wip, Ienpw, Inepu, Yinepu, Inpu, or Inpw). ... Cairo is a city in Alexander County, Illinois in the United States. ... American Gods is a novel by Neil Gaiman. ... Many sets of religious beliefs have a particular spirit, deity, demon or angel whose responsibility is to escort newly-deceased souls to the afterlife, such as Heaven or Hell. ... Palladium Books (sometimes called Palladium Games) is a role-playing game publisher founded by Kevin Siembieda and Erick Wujcik, best known for their popular, genre-crossing Rifts gaming series (1990-present). ... In the various game settings of Palladium Books, Alien Intelligences are fictional, vastly powerful beings of unknown origin that are stated to be a combination of equal parts spirit, magical energy, and physical flesh. ... For the fictional characters in the H.P. Lovecraft mythos, see the Old Ones. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Anubis is the Greek name for the ancient jackal-headed god of the dead in Egyptian mythology whose hieroglyphic version is more accurately spelled Anpu (also Anupu, Anbu, Wip, Ienpw, Inepu, Yinepu, Inpu, or Inpw). ... In the fictional universe of the science fiction TV show Stargate SG-1, Kull Warriors are creatures created by Anubis for use in his personal army. ... In classic Greek mythology, below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros (Greek Τάρταρος, deep place). ... Samantha Sam Carter (born December 29, 1968)[2] is a fictional character in the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis, played by English-Canadian actress Amanda Tapping. ... Carnival or Carnivale is a festival season. ... A Krewe (pronounced identically to English crew) is an organization that puts on a parade and or a ball for the Carnival season. ... Nickname: Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Government  - Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area  - City  350. ... Aerial view of the lab and surrounding area. ... Rex Libris is a science fiction comic book series by James Turner. ... Age of Mythology (commonly abbreviated as AoM), is a mythology-based, real-time strategy computer game developed by Ensemble Studios, and published by Microsoft Game Studios. ... The phoenix from the Aberdeen Bestiary. ... Turtles and terapins may mean: plural of turtle Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles The Turtles band Turtles band Turtles Music stores See also: Turtle (disambiguation) This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Worlds second largest Meteorite in Culiacan, Mexico A meteorite is a relatively small extra-terrestrial body that reaches the Earths surface. ... Garry Kasparov playing against Deep Blue, the first machine to win a chess game against a reigning world champion. ... The Marathon Trilogy is a science fiction series of first-person shooter computer games from Bungie Software, originally released for the Macintosh. ... Thoth is a documentary film by Sarah Kernochan and Lynn Appelle about the life of San Francisco-based street performer S. K. Thoth. ... Queens County, often referred to as simply Queens, is the largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. It is home to New York Citys two major airports (John F. Kennedy and LaGuardia), the New York Mets baseball team, the USTA National Tennis Center, Silvercup... NY redirects here. ... Americas Got Talent is an American reality television series on the NBC television network. ... David Michael Hasselhoff (born July 17, 1952 in Baltimore, Maryland), nicknamed The Hoff, is an American actor who is best known for his lead roles on Knight Rider and Baywatch. ... Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (born 30 March 1965 in Newick, East Sussex) is a former editor of British tabloid newspapers the News of the World (1994 – 1995) and the Daily Mirror (1995 – 2004). ... Sharon Rachel Osbourne (née Levy, then Arden; born October 9, 1952) is a well-known English music manager and promoter, television personality and presenter. ... Generally North Vancouver is the suburb of Vancouver on the North Side of the Burrard Inlet except the area that is in West Vancouver. ... BC may stand for: Before Christ (see Anno Domini) : an abbreviation used to refer to a year before the beginning of the year count that starts with the supposed year of the birth of Jesus. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area  Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595... Fongyuan City (豐原市) is located in central Taichung County, Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ... In Egyptian mythology, Anhur was a god of war and hunting, later identified with Horus and worshipped particularly in Thinis. ... Ptah In Egyptian mythology, Ptah (also spelt Peteh) was the deification of the primordial mound in the Ennead cosmogony, which was more literally referred to as Ta-tenen (also spelt Tathenen), meaning risen land, or as Tanen, meaning submerged land. ... This article is about the role-playing game. ... The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) is a novel by the author Thomas Pynchon. ... Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Jr. ... An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ...

See also

• Eye of Horus

The Eye of Horus The Eye of Horus (originally, The Eye of Ra) is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection and power, from the deity Horus or Ra. ...

Notes

References

• Bleeker, Claas Jouco. 1973. Hathor and Thoth: Two Key Figures of the Ancient Egyptian Religion. Studies in the History of Religions 26. Leiden: E. J. Brill
• Boylan, Patrick. 1922. Thot, the Hermes of Egypt: A Study of Some Aspects of Theological Thought in Ancient Egypt. London: Oxford University Press. (Reprinted Chicago: Ares Publishers inc., 1979)
• Budge, E. A. Wallis. Egyptian Religion. Kessinger Publishing, 1900.
• Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Gods of the Egyptians Volume 1 of 2. New York: Dover Publications, 1969 (original in 1904).
• Černý, Jaroslav. 1948. "Thoth as Creator of Languages." Journal of Egyptian Archæology 34:121–122.
• Collier, Mark and Manley, Bill. How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Revised Edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
• Doreal. The Emerald Tablets of Thoth-The-Atlanean. Alexandrian Library Press, date undated.
• Fowden, Garth. 1986. The Egyptian Hermes: A Historical Approach to the Late Mind. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. (Reprinted Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993). ISBN 0-691-02498-7
• Hall, Manly P. The Secret Teachings of All Ages. San Francisco: H.S. Crocker Company, 1928.