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Blood clot diagram.

A thrombus, or blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis. It is achieved via the aggregation of platelets that form a platelet plug, and the activation of the humoral coagulation system (i.e. clotting factors). A thrombus is physiologic in cases of injury, but pathologic in case of thrombosis. Passive solar design using an unvented trombe wall and summer shading A Trombe wall is a sun-facing wall built from material that can act as a thermal mass (such as stone, concrete, adobe or water tanks), combined with an air space, insulated glazing and vents to form a large... Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links Blood_clot_diagram. ... Image File history File links Blood_clot_diagram. ... Coagulation is the thickening or congealing of any liquid into solid clots. ... Hemostasis refers to a process whereby bleeding is halted in most animals with a closed circulatory system. ... A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... This article is about the clotting of blood. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. ... A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide Pathologist redirects here. ... Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. ...

Specifically, a thrombus is a blood clot in an intact blood vessel. A thrombus in a large blood vessel will decrease blood flow through that vessel. In a small blood vessel, blood flow may be completely cut-off resulting in death of tissue supplied by that vessel. If a thrombus dislodges and becomes free-floating, it is an embolus. In medicine, an embolism occurs when an object (the embolus, plural emboli) migrates from one part of the body (through the circulation) and cause(s) a blockage (occlusion) of a blood vessel in another part of the body. ...

Some of the conditions which elevate risk of blood clots developing include atrial fibrillation (a form of cardiac arrhythmia), heart valve replacement, a recent heart attack, extended periods of inactivity (see deep venous thrombosis), and genetic or disease-related deficiencies in the blood's clotting abilities. Atrial fibrillation (AF or afib) is a cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. ... Cardiac arrhythmia is any of a group of conditions in which the electrical activity of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. ... Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), more commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease state that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted. ... It has been suggested that Deep Vein Thrombosis be merged into this article or section. ...

Preventing blood clots reduces the risk of stroke, heart attack and pulmonary embolism. Heparin and warfarin are often used to inhibit the formation and growth of existing blood clots, thereby allowing the body to shrink and dissolve the blood clots through normal methods (see anticoagulant). Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. ... Warfarin (also known under the brand names of Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, and Waran) is an anticoagulant medication that is administered orally or, very rarely, by injection. ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ...

A thrombus differs from a hematoma by: Hematoma on thigh after a beating. ...

• The thrombus is INTRAVASCULAR, the hematoma is EXTRAVASCULAR
• Having high hematocrit
• Being non-laminar
• Being soft and friable
• Having an absence of circulation

Virchow's Triad describes the conditions necessary for thrombus formation: The hematocrit (Ht or HCT) and packed cell volume (PCV) are measures of the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells. ... [[ Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (born October 13, 1821, in Schivelbein (Pomerania); died September 5, 1902, in Berlin) was a German doctor, anthropologist, public health activist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist and politician. ... Virchows triad encompasses three broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to venous thrombosis: Alterations in normal blood flow Injuries to the vascular endothelium Alterations in the constitution of blood (hypercoagulability) The first category,alterations in normal blood flow,is referred to several situations. ...

1. Changes in vessel wall morphology (e.g. trauma, atheroma)
2. Changes in blood flow through the vessel (e.g. valvulitis, aneurysm)
3. Changes in blood composition (e.g. leukaemia, hypercoagulability disorders)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) involves widespread microthrombi formation throughout the majority of the blood vessels. This is due to excessive consumption of coagulation factors and fibrinolysis using all of the body's available platelets and clotting factors. The end result is ischaemic necrosis of the affected tissue/organs and spontaneous bleeding due to the lack of clotting factors. Causes are septicaemia, acute leukaemia, shock, snake bites or severe trauma. Treatment involves the use of fresh, frozen plasma to restore the level of clotting factors in the blood. In pathology, an atheroma (plural: atheromata) is an accumulation and swelling (-oma) in artery walls that is made up of cells, or cell debris, that contain lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue. ... Valvulitis: An inflammation of a valve, especially a heart valve. ... Post surgical photo of brain aneurysm survivor. ... Leukemia (leukaemia in Commonwealth English) is a group of blood diseases characterized by malignancies (cancer) of the blood-forming tissues. ... DIC can refer to: Diploma of Imperial College Dubai International Capital DIC Entertainment In chemistry, Diisopropylcarbodiimide Disseminated intravascular coagulation This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Fibrinolysis is the process where a fibrin clot, the product of coagulation, is broken down. ... A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... Sepsis (in Greek Σήψις) is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic infection leading to a systemic inflammatory response. ... Leukemia (leukaemia in Commonwealth English) is a group of blood diseases characterized by malignancies (cancer) of the blood-forming tissues. ... This article is about the medical condition. ...

See also

• Embolism
• Thrombolysis ("Destruction of clot")
• Thrombogenicity (the tendency to clot)

An embolism occurs when an object (the embolus, plural emboli) migrates from one part of the body (through circulation) and cause(s) a blockage (occlusion) of a blood vessel in another part of the body. ... Thrombolysis is the breakdown (lysis) by pharmacological means, of blood clots. ... Thrombogenicity refers to the tendency of a material in contact with the blood to produce a thrombus, or clot. ...

External links

• Treatment and Symptoms of Blood Clots -- Med-Help.net, Medical Information Resource, 1999
• North American Thrombosis Forum - NATF is a nonprofit organization that aims to promote public education, policy and advocacy for clotting diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Muscle Relaxing Drugs Can Reduce Lethal Blood Clots
• Air Pollution Triggers Blood Clots - US Study.