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For other uses, see Thunder (disambiguation). Thunder is the sound made by lightning. Depending on the nature of the lightning and distance of the hearer, it can range from a sharp, loud crack to a long, low rumble. The sudden increase in pressure and temperature from lightning produces rapid expansion of the air surrounding and within a bolt of lightning. In turn, this expansion of air produces a sonic shock wave which produces the sound of thunder. Look up thunder in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Not to be confused with lighting. ...
Not to be confused with lighting. ...
Introduction The shock wave is one of several different ways in which a gas in a supersonic flow can be compressed. ...
The cause of thunder
The cause of thunder has been the subject of centuries of speculation and scientific inquiry. The first recorded theory is attributed to the Greek philosopher Aristotle in the third century BC, and an early speculation was that it was caused by the collision of clouds. Subsequently, numerous other theories have been proposed. By the mid-19th century, the accepted theory was that lightning produced a vacuum along its path, and that thunder was caused by the subsequent motion of air rushing to fill the vacuum. Later in the 19th century it was believed that thunder was caused by an explosion of steam when water along the lightning channel was heated. Another theory was that gaseous materials were created by lightning and then exploded. In the 20th century a consensus evolved that thunder must begin with a shock wave in the air due to the sudden thermal expansion of the plasma in the lightning channel. In a fraction of a second the air is heated to a temperature approaching 28,000 °C (50,000 °F)[1]. This heating causes it to expand outward, plowing into the surrounding cooler air at a speed faster than sound would travel in that cooler air. The outward-moving pulse that results is a shock wave, similar in principle to the shock wave formed by an explosion, or at the front of a supersonic aircraft. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
For other uses, see Aristotle (disambiguation). ...
(4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean Rome conquers Spain Great Wall of China begun Indian traders regularly visited Arabia Scythians occupy...
Look up Vacuum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...
Introduction The shock wave is one of several different ways in which a gas in a supersonic flow can be compressed. ...
For other uses, see Plasma. ...
Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...
For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ...
A United States Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet in transonic flight. ...
Flying machine redirects here. ...
More recently, this consensus has been eroded by the observation that measured overpressures in simulated lightning are greater than what could be achieved by the amount of heating found. Alternative proposals rely on electrodynamic effects of the massive current acting on the plasma in the bolt of lightning. [2] Overpressure, in geology, is a term used to describe the pressure regime in a stratigraphic unit that exhibits higher-than-hydrostatic pressure in its pore structure. ...
Etymology The d in thunder is epenthetic, and is now found in Modern Dutch donder, from earlier Old English þunor, Middle Dutch donre, together with Old Norse þorr, Old Frisian þuner, Old High German donar descended from Proto-Germanic *þunraz. In Latin it's tonare "to thunder" (see also tornado). The name of the Germanic god Thor comes from the Old Norse word for thunder. In poetry and phonetics, epenthesis (Greek epi on + en in + thesis putting) is the insertion of a consonant, a vowel, or a whole syllable into a word, usually to facilitate pronunciation. ...
Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon[1], Old English: ) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ...
Thor carries his hammer and wears his belt of strength (MS SÃM 66, 18th century). ...
Old Frisian was the West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries by the people who, from their ancient homes in North Germany and Denmark, had settled in the area between the Rhine and Elbe on the European North Sea coast in the 4th and 5th centuries. ...
The (Late Old High) German speaking area of the Holy Roman Empire around 950. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the weather phenomenon. ...
For other uses, see Thor (disambiguation). ...
Old Norse is the Germanic language spoken by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. ...
See also:
The god Thor, after whom Thursday is named. ...
For other uses, see Thor (disambiguation). ...
Donner can refer to: Donner, a variation of Donar, the German name of the god Thor — particularly as a character in Richard Wagners opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen. ...
Look up Blitz in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about the weather phenomenon. ...
Calculating distance A flash of lightning, followed after some seconds by a rumble of thunder, is for many people the first illustration of the the fact that sound (like light) does not travel instantaneously, and that sound is by far the slower. Using this difference, one can estimate how far away the bolt of lightning is by timing the interval between seeing the flash and hearing thunder. The speed of sound in air is approximately 340 m/s or 762 mph. The speed of light can be assumed to be infinite in this calculation because one must know that there has been a lightning strike before starting counting. Therefore, the lightning is approximately one kilometer distant for every three seconds (or one mile for every five seconds). In the same five seconds the light could have circled the globe 37 times. Thunder is seldom heard at distances over 24 kilometers (15 miles). This article is about audible acoustic waves. ...
For other uses, see Light (disambiguation). ...
This page is about the physical speed of sound waves in a medium. ...
Orders of magnitude (length) 1 E-13 m 1 E-12 m 1 E-11 m 1 E-10 m 1 E-9 m 1 E-8 m 1 E-7 m 1 E-6 m 1 E-5 m 1 E-4 m 1 E-3 m 1 E...
The speed of light in a vacuum is an important physical constant denoted by the letter c for constant or the Latin word celeritas meaning swiftness.[1] It is the speed of all electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, in a vacuum. ...
Infinity is a word carrying a number of different meanings in mathematics, philosophy, theology and everyday life. ...
Fear of thunder Fear of thunder is known as astraphobia. A bolt of lightning tearing through the sky (and the thunder that accompanies it) can scare someone with astraphobia. ...
School Mascots The Thunder is the mascot of Mountain View High School in Vancouver, WA. It is represented as Thor and Thundra, although at pep assembles and sporting events, Thunder Man. The school's band directors, Mr. Smedsrude and Mr. Ormson, frequently battle with the two halves of the flag pole used to hold the "band flag" which consists of a blue/green "Thunder T" on a white background, while the entire band program plays "Duel of the Fates" from the Star Wars movies as loud as humanly possible.
See also A shelf cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ...
Typical cartoon representations of thunderbolts A thunderbolt is a traditional expression for a discharge of lightning or a symbolic representation thereof. ...
Not to be confused with lighting. ...
Castle thunder is the name of a famous sound effect, originally recorded for the 1931 version of Frankenstein, and later used by many, many movies, including Citizen Kane, Cleopatra, The Hindenburg, Ghostbusters, Murder by Death, Twilight Zone: The Movie, Clue, Back to the Future, Big Trouble in Little China, Trading...
Polytheistic peoples of many cultures have postulated a thunder god, a personification of the seemingly magical forces of thunder and lightning. ...
References - ^ http://weathersavvy.com/Q-lightning1.html
- ^ P Graneau, The cause of thunder, 1989 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 22 1083-1094 doi:10.1088/0022-3727/22/8/012
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