Preceded by: Amenhotep II	Pharaoh of Egypt 18th Dynasty	Succeeded by: Amenhotep III
Thutmose IV
A granite bust of Thutmose IV
Reign	1401 BC – 1391 BC or 1397 BC – 1388 BC
Praenomen	Menkheperure "Established in forms is Re"
Nomen	Thutmose Thoth bore him
Consort(s)	Nefertari, Iaret, Mutemwiya
Issues	Amenhotep III, Siatum (?), Amenemhat, Tiaa, Amenemopet, Petepihu, Tentamun
Father	Amenhotep II
Mother	Tiaa
Died	1391 BC or 1388 BC
Burial	KV43

Thutmose IV (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis IV and meaning Thoth is Born) was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. His prenomen or royal name was Menkheperure. Aakheperure Great are the forms of Re Nomen Amenhotep Heka Iunu Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Heliopolis Horus name Ka Nakht Wer Pekhty Strong Bull, Great of Power Nebty name User Fau Sekha Em Wast Powerful of Splendour, Appearing in Thebes Golden Horus Ity Sekhemef em Tau Neb Who seizes... Pharaoh was the ancient Egyptian name for the office of kingship. ... The Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (1550-1292 BCE) – often combined with the nineteenth and twentieth dynasties under the group title, New Kingdom – is perhaps the most famous of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt. ... Nebmaatre The Lord of Truth is Re[2] Nomen Amenhotep Hekawaset Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Thebes[1] Horus name Kanakht Emkhaimaat The strong bull, appearing in truth Nebty name Semenhepusegerehtawy One establishing laws, pacifying the two lands Golden Horus Aakhepesh-husetiu Great of valour, smiting the Asiatics Consort(s... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (844x979, 201 KB) given a GNU Free Documentation License on german wikimedia. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (844x979, 201 KB) given a GNU Free Documentation License on german wikimedia. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... (Redirected from 1401 BC) Centuries: 16th century BC - 15th century BC - 14th century BC Decades: 1450s BC 1440s BC 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC - 1400s BC - 1390s BC 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC Events and Trends Palace of Minos destroyed by fire (1400 BC) Several board... (Redirected from 1391 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1440s BC 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC - 1390s BC - 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC Events and Trends 1397 BC - Pandion, legendary King of Athens dies after a... (Redirected from 1397 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1440s BC 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC - 1390s BC - 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC Events and Trends 1397 BC - Pandion, legendary King of Athens dies after a... (Redirected from 1388 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC 1390s BC - 1380s BC - 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC 1330s BC Events and Trends Pharaoh Amenhotep II connects the Nile and the Red Sea... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... , or , or [1] Thoth (Ramesseum, Luxor) Thoth, a Greek name derived from the Egyptian * (djih-how-tee) (written by Egyptians as ) was considered one of the most important deities of the Egyptian pantheon. ... Mutemwiya (also Mutemwia, Mutemweya; Mut in the divine bark) was a minor wife of Thutmose IV, pharaoh of Egypt, in the Eighteenth Dynasty. ... Nebmaatre The Lord of Truth is Re[2] Nomen Amenhotep Hekawaset Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Thebes[1] Horus name Kanakht Emkhaimaat The strong bull, appearing in truth Nebty name Semenhepusegerehtawy One establishing laws, pacifying the two lands Golden Horus Aakhepesh-husetiu Great of valour, smiting the Asiatics Consort(s... Siatum was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 18th dynasty. ... Aakheperure Great are the forms of Re Nomen Amenhotep Heka Iunu Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Heliopolis Horus name Ka Nakht Wer Pekhty Strong Bull, Great of Power Nebty name User Fau Sekha Em Wast Powerful of Splendour, Appearing in Thebes Golden Horus Ity Sekhemef em Tau Neb Who seizes... Tiaa was supposedly the Third Wife of Pharaoh Seti II, after Takhat II, and Twosret. ... (Redirected from 1391 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1440s BC 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC - 1390s BC - 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC Events and Trends 1397 BC - Pandion, legendary King of Athens dies after a... (Redirected from 1388 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC 1390s BC - 1380s BC - 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC 1330s BC Events and Trends Pharaoh Amenhotep II connects the Nile and the Red Sea... Thutmose receives life from, in turn, Osiris, Anubis, and Hathor (wall decoration in KV43) KV43 is the tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt. ... , or , or [1] Thoth (Ramesseum, Luxor) Thoth, a Greek name derived from the Egyptian * (djih-how-tee) (written by Egyptians as ) was considered one of the most important deities of the Egyptian pantheon. ... Pharaoh was the ancient Egyptian name for the office of kingship. ... The Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (1550-1292 BCE) – often combined with the nineteenth and twentieth dynasties under the group title, New Kingdom – is perhaps the most famous of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt. ...

Dates and length of reign

Dating the beginning of the reign of Thutmose IV is difficult to do with certainty because he is several generations removed from the astronomical dates which are usually used to calculate Egyptian chronologies, and the debate over the proper interpretation of these observances has not been settled. Thutmose's grandfather Thutmose III almost certainly acceded the throne in either 1504 or 1479, based upon two lunar obervances during his reign.^[1] After ruling for nearly 54 years,^[2] Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV's father, took the throne and ruled for at least 26 years,^[3] but has been assigned up to 35 years in some chronological reconstructions.^[4] The currently preferred reconstruction, after analyzing all this evidence, usually comes to an accession date around 1401 BC^[5] or 1400 BC^[6] for the beginning of Thutmose IV's reign. Menkheperre Lasting is the Manifestation of Re[1] Nomen Thutmose Neferkheperu Thoth is born, beautiful of forms Horus name Kanakht Khaemwaset Mighty Bull, Arising in Thebes Nebty name Wahnesytmireempet Enduring in kingship like Re in heaven Golden Horus Sekhempahtydsejerkhaw Powerful of strength, holy of diadems Consort(s) Hatshepsut-Meryetre, Nebtu... Aakheperure Great are the forms of Re Nomen Amenhotep Heka Iunu Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Heliopolis Horus name Ka Nakht Wer Pekhty Strong Bull, Great of Power Nebty name User Fau Sekha Em Wast Powerful of Splendour, Appearing in Thebes Golden Horus Ity Sekhemef em Tau Neb Who seizes...

The length of his reign is not as clear as one would wish. He is usually given about nine or ten years of reign. Manetho credits him a reign of 9 Years and 8 Months.^[7] However, Manetho's other figures for the 18th dynasty are frequently assigned to the wrong kings or simply incorrect, so monumental evidence is also used to determine his reign length.^[8] Of all of Thutmose IV's dated monuments, three date to his first regnal year, one to his fourth, possibly one to his fifth, one to his sixth, two to his seventh, and one to his eighth. ^[9] Two possible other dated objects, one dated to a Year 19 and another year 20, have been suggested as belong to him, but neither have been accepted as dating to his reign.^[9] The reading of the king in these dates are today accepted as referring to the prenomen of Thutmose III--Menkheperre--and not Menkhepe[ru]re Thutmose IV himself. Due to the absence of higher dates for Thutmose IV after his Year 8 Konosso stela^[10], Manetho's figures here are usually accepted.^[7] There were once chronological reconstructions which gave him a reign as long as 34-35 years.^[7][11] Today, however, most scholars ascribe give him a 10 year reign from 1401 to 1391 BC, within a small margin of error. Menkheperre Lasting is the Manifestation of Re[1] Nomen Thutmose Neferkheperu Thoth is born, beautiful of forms Horus name Kanakht Khaemwaset Mighty Bull, Arising in Thebes Nebty name Wahnesytmireempet Enduring in kingship like Re in heaven Golden Horus Sekhempahtydsejerkhaw Powerful of strength, holy of diadems Consort(s) Hatshepsut-Meryetre, Nebtu...

Life

Thutmose IV was born to Amenhotep II and Tiaa but was not actually the crown prince and Amenhotep II's chosen successor to the throne. Some scholars speculate that Thutmose ousted his older brother in order to usurp power and then commissioned the Dream Stele in order to justify his unexpected kingship. Thutmose's most celebrated accomplishment was the restoration of the Sphinx at Giza and subsequent commission of the Dream Stele. According to Thutmose's account on the Dream Stele, while the young prince was out on a hunting trip, he stopped to rest under the head of the Sphinx, which was buried up to the neck in sand. He soon fell asleep and had a dream in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next Pharaoh. After completing the restoration of the Sphinx, he placed a carved stone tablet, now known as the Dream Stele, between the two paws of the Sphinx.The restoration of the Sphinx and the text of the Dream Stele would then be a piece of propoganda on Thutmose's part, meant to bestow legitimacy upon his unexpected kingship.^[12]. Little is known about his brief ten-year rule. He suppressed an uprising in Nubia in his 8th Year around 1393 BC and was referred to in a stela as the Conqueror of Syria^[13], but little else has been pieced together about his military exploits. Thutmose IV's rule is significant because he was the New Kingdom pharaoh who established peaceful relations with Mitanni and married a Mitannian princess to seal this new alliance. Thutmose IV's role in initiating contact with Egypt's former rival, Mitanni, is documented by an Amarna letter composed decades later by Tushratta, a Mittanian king who ruled during the reign of Akhenaten, Thutmose IV's grandson. Tushratta states to Akhenaten here that Aakheperure Great are the forms of Re Nomen Amenhotep Heka Iunu Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Heliopolis Horus name Ka Nakht Wer Pekhty Strong Bull, Great of Power Nebty name User Fau Sekha Em Wast Powerful of Splendour, Appearing in Thebes Golden Horus Ity Sekhemef em Tau Neb Who seizes... Tiaa or Tiaa was Amenhotep IIs Great Royal Wife. ... The Great Sphinx at Giza, Egypt The Great Sphinx of Giza is a large half-human, half-lion Sphinx statue in Egypt, on the Giza Plateau at the west bank of the Nile River, near modern-day Cairo (). It is one of the largest single-stone statues on Earth, and... Pyramids of Giza in 1960s Egypt: Site of Giza or Al Jizah (top center). ... Nubia is the region in the south of Egypt, along the Nile and in northern Sudan. ... (Redirected from 1393 BC) Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1440s BC 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC - 1390s BC - 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC Events and Trends 1397 BC - Pandion, legendary King of Athens dies after a... Stele is also a concept in plant biology. ... Kingdom of Mitanni Mitanni (cuneiform KUR URUMi-it-ta-ni, also Mittani Mi-ta-an-ni, in Assyrian sources Hanigalbat, Khanigalbat cuneiform Ḫa-ni-gal-bat ) was a Hurrian kingdom in northern Mesopotamia from ca. ... One of the Amarna letters in cuneiform writing on a clay tablet The designation Amarna letters (sometimes Amarna correspondence) denotes an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru. ... Tushratta was a king of the Mitanni at the end of the reign of Amenhotep III and throughout the reign of Akhenaten -- approximately the late 14th century BC. He was the son of Shuttarna II, and his daughter Tadukhipa was married to Akhenaten. ... Neferkheperre-waenre Beautiful are the Manifestations of Re[2] the one of Re Nomen Akhenaten Servant of the Aten[1] (after Year 4 of his reign) Amenhotep Horus name Kanakht-Meryaten The strong bull, beloved of the Aten Nebty name Wernesytemakhetaten Great of kingship in Akhetaten Golden Horus Wetjesrenenaten Who...

When [Menkheperure], the father of Nimmureya (ie. Amenhotep III) wrote to Artatama, my grandfather, he asked for the daughter of my grandfather, the sister of my father. He wrote 5, 6 times, but he did not give her. When he wrote my grandfather 7 times, then only under such pressure, did he give her. (EA 29)^[14]

Like most Thutmosids, he built on a large scale. Thutmose IV completed an obelisk first started by Thutmose III, which, at 32 m (105 feet), was the tallest obelisk ever erected in Egypt, at the Temple of Karnak.^[15] It was transported to Rome by a later Roman Emperor and today stands at Saint Peter's Square in the Vatican. Nebmaatre The Lord of Truth is Re[2] Nomen Amenhotep Hekawaset Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Thebes[1] Horus name Kanakht Emkhaimaat The strong bull, appearing in truth Nebty name Semenhepusegerehtawy One establishing laws, pacifying the two lands Golden Horus Aakhepesh-husetiu Great of valour, smiting the Asiatics Consort(s... The Luxor obelisk in the Place de la Concorde in Paris For other uses, see Obelisk (disambiguation). ... Thutmose III (also written as Tuthmosis III; called Manahpi(r)ya in the Amarna letters) (? - 1426 BC), was Pharaoh of Egypt in the Eighteenth Dynasty. ... Map of Karnak, showing major temple complexes Interior of Temple First pylon of precinct of Amun viewed from the west Al-Karnak (Arabic الكرنك, in Ancient Egypt was named Ipet Sut, the most venerated place) is a small village in Egypt, located on the banks of the River Nile some 2. ... Saint Peters Square and Basilica, 1909. ...

Burial

Thutmose IV was buried in the Valley of the Kings, in tomb KV43, but his body was moved to the mummy cache in KV35, where it was discovered by Victor Loret in 1898. An examination of his body shows that he was very ill and had been wasting away for the final months of his life prior to his death. He was succeded by his son, Amenhotep III. Location of the valley in the Theban Hills, West of the Nile, October 1988 (red arrow shows location) The Valley of the Kings (Arabic: وادي الملوك Wadi Biban el-Muluk; Gates of the King)[1] is a valley in Egypt where for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to... Thutmose receives life from, in turn, Osiris, Anubis, and Hathor (wall decoration in KV43) KV43 is the tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt. ... Tomb KV35 in the Valley of the Kings (Luxor, Egypt) is the tomb of Amenhotep II. It was discovered by Victor Loret in March 1898. ... Victor Clement Georges Philippe Loret (1 September 1859 – 3 February 1946) was a French Egyptologist. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Bryan, Betsy. The Reign of Thutmose IV. p.14. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1991
2. ^ Peter Der Manuelian. Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II. p.20. Hildesheimer Ägyptologische Beiträge(HÄB) Verlag: 1987
3. ^ Donald B. Redford. The Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty. p.119. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr., 1966)
4. ^ Charles C. Van Siclen. "Amenhotep II," The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Donald Redford. Vol. 1, p.71. Oxford University Press, 2001.
5. ^ Jürgen von Beckerath, Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, (1997) p.190
6. ^ Shaw, Ian; and Nicholson, Paul. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. p.290. The British Museum Press, 1995.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Bryan, Betsy. The Reign of Thutmose IV. p.4. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1991
8. ^ Bryan, Betsy. The Reign of Thutmose IV. p.5. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1991
9. ^ ^{a b} Bryan, Betsy. The Reign of Thutmose IV. p.6. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1991
10. ^ BAR II, 823-829
11. ^ Wente, E.F.; and Van Siclen, C. "A Chronology of the New Kingdom." SAOC 39
12. ^ Peter Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1994. pp.113-114
13. ^ Clayton, op. cit., p.114
14. ^ William L. Moran, The Amarna Letters, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. p.93
15. ^ Clayton, op. cit., p.114

• Betsy Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991

William Lambert Moran (August 11, 1921 — December 19, 2000), was an American Assyriologist, he was born in Chicago, USA. In 1939, Moran joined the Jesuit order. ...

See also

• History of Ancient Egypt
• Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree
• Mitanni