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Thyroid cancer refers to any of four kinds of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland: papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic. Papillary and follicular tumors are the most common: they grow slowly, may recur, but are generally not fatal in patients under 45 years of age. Medullary tumors have a good prognosis if restricted to the thyroid gland and a poorer prognosis if metastasis occurs. Anaplastic tumors are fast-growing and respond poorly to therapy. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ...
// C00-D48 - Neoplasms (C00-C14) Malignant neoplasms, lip, oral cavity and pharynx (C00) Malignant neoplasm of lip (C01) Malignant neoplasm of base of tongue (C02) Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue (C03) Malignant neoplasm of gum (C04) Malignant neoplasm of floor of mouth (C05) Malignant neoplasm of...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ...
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ...
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ...
For malignant tumors specifically, see cancer. ...
Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. ...
Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. ...
For the musical composition, see Metastasis (Xenakis composition). ...
Thyroid nodules are diagnosed by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (USG/FNA) or frequently by thyroidectomy (surgical removal and subsequent histological examination). As thyroid cancer can take up iodine, radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by TSH suppression by thyroxine therapy. In medicine, a nodule refers to a small aggregation of cells. ...
Needle aspiration biopsy is a procedure performed to diagnose and treat certain kind of illnesses. ...
A thyroidectomy involves the surgical removal all or part of the thyroid gland. ...
For other uses, see Iodine (disambiguation). ...
Iodine-131, also called radioiodine, is a radioisotope of iodine. ...
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as TSH or thyrotropin) is a hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. ...
Thyroxine, or 3:5,3:5 tetraÂiodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4) is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. ...
Symptoms Most often the first symptom of thyroid cancer is a nodule in the thyroid region of the neck. However, many adults have small nodules in their thyroids. But typically under 5% of these nodules are found to be malignant. Sometimes the first sign is an enlarged lymph node. Later symptoms that can be present are pain in the anterior region of the neck and changes in voice.
Thyroid cancer is usually found in a euthyroid patient, but hyperthyroidism may be a symptom of a large or metastatic well-differentiated tumor. The state of having normal thyroid gland function. ...
Hyperthyroidism (or overactive thyroid gland) is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine (T4) or free triiodothyronine (T3), or both. ...
Nodules should be of particular concern when they are found in children or those under the age of 20. The presentation of benign nodules at this age is less likely, and thus the potential for malignancy is far greater. A nodule describes similar aggregation of cells or particles in a number of scientific fields: In medicine it refers to a small aggregation of cells. ...
Diagnosis After a nodule is found during a physical examination, a referral to an endocrinologist, or a thyroidologist is the best approach. Most commonly an ultrasound is performed to confirm the presence of a nodule, and assess the status of the whole gland. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis present, a known cause of a benign nodular goiter. [1] A nodule describes an aggregation of similar cells or particles in a number of scientific fields: In medicine it refers to a small aggregation of cells. ...
Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. ...
For other uses, see Ultrasound (disambiguation). ...
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as TSH or thyrotropin) is a hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. ...
Hashimotos thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the bodys own antibodies attack the cells of the thyroid. ...
Fine needle biopsy One approach used to determine whether the nodule is malignant is the fine needle biopsy (FNB)[2], which some have described as the most cost-effective, sensitive and accurate test.[citation needed] FNB or ultrasound-guided FNA usually yields sufficient thyroid cells to assess the risk of malignancy, although in some cases, the suspected nodule may need to be removed surgically for pathological examination.
Rarely, a biopsy is done using a large cutting needle, so that the a piece of nodule capsule can be obtained.
Blood tests Blood or imaging tests may be done prior to or in lieu of a biopsy. The possibility of a nodule which secretes thyroid hormone (which is less likely to be cancer) or hypothyroidism is investigated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as TSH or thyrotropin) is a hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. ...
Thyroxine, or 3:5,3:5 tetraÂiodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4) is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. ...
The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. ...
Tests for serum thyroid autoantibodies are sometimes done as these may indicate autoimmune thyroid disease (which can mimic nodular disease). Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ...
Imaging The blood assays may be accompanied by ultrasound imaging of the nodule to determine the position, size and texture, and to assess whether the nodule may be cystic (fluid filled). Also suspicious findings in a nodule are hypoechoic,[3] irregular borders, microcalcifications, or very high levels of blood flow within the nodule. Less suspicious findings in benign nodules include, hyperechoic, comet tail artifacts from colloid, no blood flow in the nodule and a halo, or smooth border. Sonography redirects here. ...
A cyst (soft c, rhymes with list) is a cloed sac having a distinct membrane and division on the nearby tissue. ...
A Colloid or colloidal dispersion is a type of homogeneous mixture. ...
Some clinicians will also request technetium (Tc) or radioactive iodine (I) imaging of the thyroid. An 123I scan showing a hot nodule, accompanied by a lower than normal TSH, is strong evidence that the nodule is not cancerous. General Name, Symbol, Number technetium, Tc, 43 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metal Standard atomic weight [98](0) g·mol−1 Electron configuration [Kr] 4d5 5s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ...
For other uses, see Iodine (disambiguation). ...
Nuclear medicine is the branch of medicine that uses unsealed radioactive substances in diagnosis and therapy. ...
For other uses, see Iodine (disambiguation). ...
Classification Thyroid cancers can be classified according to their pathological characteristics.[4][5] The following variants can be distinguished (distribution over various subtypes may show regional variation): The follicular and papillary types together can be classified as "differentiated thyroid cancer".[7] These types have a more favorable prognosis than the medullary and undifferentiated types.[8] Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. ...
Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. ...
This article is about lymphoma in humans. ...
Biopsy of a highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth. ...
A sarcoma is a cancer of the connective or supportive tissue (bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels) and soft tissue. ...
References - ^ Bennedbaek FN, Perrild H, Hegedüs L (1999). "Diagnosis and treatment of the solitary thyroid nodule. Results of a European survey". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 50 (3): 357–63. PMID 10435062.
- ^ Ravetto C, Colombo L, Dottorini ME (2000). "Usefulness of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective study in 37,895 patients". Cancer 90 (6): 357–63. PMID 11156519.
- ^ Wong KT, Ahuja AT (2005). "Ultrasound of thyroid cancer". Cancer Imaging 5: 157–66. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2005.0110. PMID 16361145.
- ^ Thyroid Cancer Treatment - National Cancer Institute. Retrieved on 2007-12-22.
- ^ Thyroid cancer. Retrieved on 2007-12-22.
- ^ Schlumberger M, Carlomagno F, Baudin E, Bidart JM, Santoro M (2008). "New therapeutic approaches to treat medullary thyroid carcinoma". Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 4 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0717. PMID 18084343.
- ^ Nix P, Nicolaides A, Coatesworth AP (2005). "Thyroid cancer review 2: management of differentiated thyroid cancers". Int. J. Clin. Pract. 59 (12): 1459–63. doi:10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00672.x. PMID 16351679.
- ^ Nix PA, Nicolaides A, Coatesworth AP (2006). "Thyroid cancer review 3: management of medullary and undifferentiated thyroid cancer". Int. J. Clin. Pract. 60 (1): 80–4. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00673.x. PMID 16409432.
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Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
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Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
See also Chernobyl reactor number four after the disaster, showing the extensive damage to the main reactor hall (image center) and turbine building (image lower left) The Chernobyl disaster, reactor accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, or simply Chernobyl, was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history and the only...
The radiation warning symbol (trefoil). ...
External links | Pathology: Cancer, Tumors, Neoplasms, and oncology (C00-D48, 140-239) | | Benign tumors | Hyperplasia - Cyst - Pseudocyst - Hamartoma - Benign tumor | | Malignant progression | Dysplasia - Carcinoma in situ - Cancer - Metastasis | | Topography | lip, oral cavity and pharynx: Oral - Head/Neck - Nasopharyngeal digestive system: tract (Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Colon/rectum, Appendix, Anus) - glands (Liver, Bile duct, Gallbladder, Pancreas) The Open Directory Project (ODP), also known as dmoz (from , its original domain name), is a multilingual open content directory of World Wide Web links owned by Netscape that is constructed and maintained by a community of volunteer editors. ...
A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide Pathologist redirects here. ...
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ...
For malignant tumors specifically, see cancer. ...
Neoplasia (literally: new growth) is sudden and abnormal growth in a tissue or organ. ...
See cancer for the biology of the disease, as well as a list of malignant diseases. ...
Hyperplasia (or hypergenesis) is a general term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue beyond that which is ordinarily seen in e. ...
A cyst (soft c, rhymes with list) is a cloed sac having a distinct membrane and division on the nearby tissue. ...
A pseudocyst is a pathological collection of fluid. ...
A hamartoma is a common benign tumor in an organ composed of tissue elements normally found at that site but that are growing in a disorganized mass. ...
A benign tumor is a tumor that lacks all three of the malignant properties of a cancer. ...
Dysplasia (from Greek, roughly: bad form) is a term used in pathology to refer to an abnormality in maturation of cells within a tissue. ...
Carcinoma in situ is present when a tumor has been detected that has the characteristics of malignancy but has not invaded other tissues. ...
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ...
For the musical composition, see Metastasis (Xenakis composition). ...
Oral cancer is any cancerous tissue growth located in the mouth. ...
Head and neck cancers are malignant growths originating in the lip and oral cavity (mouth), nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands and cervical lymph nodes of the neck. ...
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare tumor arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. ...
Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the esophagus. ...
Stomach cancer (also called gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus and the small intestine. ...
Endoscopic image of adenocarcinoma of duodenum seen in the post-bulbar duodenum. ...
Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. ...
Appendix cancer or appendiceal cancer is a malignancy of the vermiform appendix, accounting for about 1 in 200 of all gastrointestinal malignancies. ...
Anal cancer is a distinct entity from the more common colorectal cancer. ...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called hepatoma or hepatocarcinogenesis) is a primary malignancy (cancer) of the liver. ...
Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer of the bile ducts, which drain bile from the liver into the small intestine. ...
Bold textA more uncommon cancer predominate in females, if found early on before symptoms, can be cured by removing Gallbladder, most often it is found after symptoms occur (abdominal pain, Jaundice) and has spread to other organs such as liver and the outlook at this point is poor. ...
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor within the pancreatic gland. ...
respiratory system: Larynx - Lung Cancer of the larynx also may be called laryngeal cancer. ...
Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. ...
bone, articular cartilage, skin, and connective tissue: Bone - Skin - Blood An arm bone tumor Bone tumor is an inexact term, which can be used for both benign and malignant abnormal growths found in bone, but is most commonly used for primary tumors of bone, such as osteosarcoma (or osteoma). ...
Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes. ...
Leukemia or leukaemia (Greek leukos λευκός, white; aima αίμα, blood) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ...
urogenital: breast and female genital organs (Breast, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Endometrium, Ovaries) - male genital organs (Penis, Prostate, Testicles) - urinary organs (Kidney, Bladder) Breast cancer is cancer of breast tissue. ...
Vaginal cancer is any type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the vagina. ...
Cervical cancer is a malignant cancer of the cervix. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Endometrial cancer. ...
Endometrial cancer involves cancerous growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). ...
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor (a kind of neoplasm) located on an ovary. ...
Penile cancer is a malignant growth found on the skin or in the tissues of the penis, usually originating in the glans and/or foreskin. ...
HRPC redirects here. ...
Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. ...
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer arising from the renal tubule. ...
Bladder cancer refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. ...
nervous system: Eye (Uvea) - Brain (Choroid plexus) Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa. ...
Uveal Melanoma is cancer (melanoma) of the colored part of the eye and the surrounding areas (uvea). ...
A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland, or...
endocrine system: Thyroid (Papillary, Follicular, Medullary, Anaplastic) - Adrenal tumor (Adrenocortical carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma) - Pituitary | | Misc. | Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes - Staging/grading - Carcinogenesis - Carcinogen - Research - Paraneoplastic syndrome - List of oncology-related terms | Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. ...
Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. ...
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a carcinoma of the cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal gland. ...
A phaeochromocytoma (pheochromocytoma in the US) is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands originating in the chromaffin cells, which secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines, usually adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine in the US). ...
Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland, and account for about 10% of intracranial neoplasms. ...
A tumor suppressor gene is a gene that reduces the probability that a cell in a multicellular organism will turn into a tumor cell. ...
An oncogene is a modified gene that increases the malignancy of a tumor cell. ...
The stage of a cancer is a descriptor (usually numbers I to IV) of how much the cancer has spread. ...
In pathology, Grading is a measure of the progress of tumors. ...
Cancers are caused by a series of mutations. ...
Look up carcinogen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Cancer research is research into cancer in order to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatments and cure. ...
A paraneoplastic phenomenon is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. ...
This is a list of terms related to oncology. ...
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