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Tian Shan
Khan Tengri (7,010 m) at sunset
Countries	China, Pakistan, India, Kyrgyzstan
	Xinjiang, Jammu and Kashmir, Northern Areas of Pakistan
Highest point	Jengish Chokusu
- coordinates	42°02′06″N 80°07′32″E / 42.035, 80.12556
- elevation	7,439 m (24,406 ft)
Tian Shan Mountains from space, October 1997, with Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan at the upper (northern) end

The Tian Shan (Chinese: 天山; Pinyin: Tiān Shān; "celestial mountains"), also commonly spelled Tien Shan, and known as Tangri Tagh ("celestial mountains" or "mountains of the spirits") in the Uyghur language, is a mountain range located in Central Asia. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Image File history File links Peak_of_Khan_Tengri_at_sunset. ... Khan Tengri (Chinese, translated as Lord of the spirits, or Lord of the sky; or Turkic translated as Ruler of Skies, Ruler Tengri) is a mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... This article is about the area administered by India. ... This article details only the area administered by Pakistan. ... Peak Pobeda (translated victory in Russian; also known as Pik Pobedy, Sheng-li Feng) is a mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (639x639, 198 KB)Tien Shan Mountains, China - October 1997 image description here File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Issyk Kul from space, September 1992 Issyk Kul at sundown (2002) Issyk Kul beach (2002) Issyk Kul (also Ysyk Köl, Issyk-kol) (located at 42°30′N 77°30′E) is an endorheic lake in the northern Tian Shan mountains in northwestern Kyrgyzstan. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Uyghur (‎/Uyghurche//, or ‎/Uyghur tili//)[1] is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghurstan), formerly also “Sinkiang” and “Chinese Turkestan,” a Central Asian region administered by China. ... For exotic financial options, see Mountain range (options). ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

The now widely used name Tian Shan is a Chinese translation of the Uyghur name, which may in turn go back to a Xiongnu name, qilian (祁连) reported by the Shiji as the homeland of the Yuezhi, which has been argued^[1] to refer to the Tian Shan rather than to the range 1,500 km further the east now known by this name. A nearby mountain range, the Tannu-Ola Mountains (Tuvan: Таңды-Уула Tangdy-Uula), also bears a synonymous name ("heaven/celestial mountains" or "god/spirit mountains"). Uyghur (‎/Uyghurche//, or ‎/Uyghur tili//)[1] is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghurstan), formerly also “Sinkiang” and “Chinese Turkestan,” a Central Asian region administered by China. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... The Qilian mountain range is located in the south of the Gansu area of western China. ... The Records of the Grand Historian or the Records of the Grand Historian of China was the magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted Chinese history from the time of the mythical Yellow Emperor until his own time. ... Languages Unknown, although the epigraphy ranges from Greek language to Bactrian, and often considered to have spoken a Tocharian language. ... The Tannu-Ola mountains, more properly called the Tangdy-Uula mountains (Tuvan Таңдь-Уула), are a range of mountains making the border between Tuva and Mongolia. ... Tuvan (Tuvan: Тыва дыл Tyva dyl), also known as Tuvinian, Tyvan, or Tuvin, is one of the Turkic languages. ...

The range lies to the north and west of the Taklamakan Desert in the border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of western China. In the south it links up with the Pamir Mountains. It also extends into the Chinese province of Xinjiang and into the northern areas of Pakistan, where it joins the Hindu Kush. Dust storm in Taklamakan Desert from space, June 25, 2005 The Taklamakan Desert (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... For other province-level divisions, see Political divisions of China. ... A photograph of Ismail Samani Peak (then known as Peak Communism) taken in 1989. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ...

In Western cartography, the eastern end of the Tian Shan is usually understood to be just west of Ürümqi, while the range to the east of that city is known as the Bogda Shan. However, in Chinese cartography, from the Han Dynasty to the present, the Tian Shan is also considered to include the Bogda Shan and Barkol ranges. Ãœrümqi Ãœrümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچی; Uyghur Latin script: Ãœrümqi; Simplified Chinese: 乌鲁木齐; Traditional Chinese: 烏魯木齊; pinyin: ), with a population about 1. ... Han Dynasty in 87 BC Capital Changan (202 BC–9 AD) Luoyang (25 AD–190 AD) Language(s) Chinese Religion Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History  - Establishment 206 BC  - Battle of Gaixia; Han rule of China begins 202 BC  - Interruption of Han rule 9 - 24  - Abdication to Cao Wei 220...

The Tian Shan are a part of the Himalayan orogenic belt which was formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates in the Cenozoic era. They are one of the longest mountain ranges in Central Asia, stretching some 2,800 km eastward from Tashkent in Uzbekistan. For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ... // Orogeny (Greek for mountain generating) is the process of mountain building, and may be studied as a tectonic structural event, as a geographical event and a chronological event, in that orogenic events cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, affect certain regions of rocks and crust and happen within... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... The Cenozoic Era (pronounced ); sometimes Caenozoic Era or Cainozoic Era (in the United Kingdom), meaning new life (Greek (kainos), new, and (zoe), life), is the most recent of the three classic geological eras. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Tashkent (Uzbek: , Russian: ) is the capital of Uzbekistan and also of the Tashkent Province. ...

The highest peak in the Tian Shan is Jengish Chokusu which, at 7,439 m or 24,406 ft, is also the highest point in Kyrgyzstan and is on the border with China. The Tian Shan's second highest peak, Khan Tengri (Lord of the Spirits), at 7,010 m, straddles the Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan border. Mountaineers class these as the two most northerly peaks over 7,000 m in the world. Peak Pobeda (translated victory in Russian; also known as Pik Pobedy, Sheng-li Feng) is a mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range. ... Khan Tengri (Chinese, translated as Lord of the spirits, or Lord of the sky; or Turkic translated as Ruler of Skies, Ruler Tengri) is a mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range. ... An open crevasse. ...

The Torugart Pass, 3,752 m or 12,310 ft high, is located at the border between Kyrgyzstan and China's Xinjiang province. The forested Alatau ranges, which are at a lower altitude in the northern part of the Tian Shan, are inhabited by pastoral tribes speaking Turkic languages. The major rivers rising in the Tian Shan are the Syr Darya, the Ili river and the Tarim River. The Aksu Canyon is a notable feature in the northwestern Tian Shan. The Torugart Pass is a pass in the Tian Shan mountain range. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... Alatau or Ala Too (from Turkic languages: motley mountain) is a generic name of a number of mountain ranges in Central Asia, characterized by interleaving areas of vegetation, scattered rocks and snows. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. ... Syr Darya (also known as Syrdarya or Sirdaryo) is a river in Central Asia. ... The Ili River is a river in Kazakhstan and in the western part of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. ... The Tarim River (Mandarin Dayan) is the principal river of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Aksu Canyon is 15km long and 500m deep canyon in Kazakhstan. ...

One of the first Europeans to visit and the first to describe the Tian Shan in detail was the Russian explorer Peter Semenov in the 1850s. Portrait by Valentin Serov (1905). ... // Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Railroads begin to supplant canals in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods. ...

Ecology

The Tian Shan holds important forests of Schrenk's Spruce (Picea schrenkiana) at altitudes of over 2,000 m; the lower slopes have unique natural forests of wild Walnuts and Apples. Binomial name Picea schrenkiana Fisch. ... Binomial name Juglans regia L. The Persian Walnut (Juglans regia) is a walnut native from the Balkans in southeast Europe east through southwest and central Asia and the Himalaya to southwest China. ... This article is about the fruit. ...

Popular Culture

The Tian Shan feature in Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine a computer game released in 1999. Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine is a video game for the Nintendo 64, Microsoft Windows, and Game Boy Color based on the character and film series Indiana Jones. ...

Dan Simmons' book The Rise of Endymion includes a planet named Tien Shan. It's a world where the only habitable areas are a series of mountain ranges surrounded by a poisonous sea. The mountains are inhabited by humans who emigrated from the same areas of the Tien Shan on Old Earth. Dan Simmons (born April 4, 1948 in Peoria, Illinois) is an American author most widely known for his Hugo Award-winning science fiction novel Hyperion and its sequel The Fall of Hyperion. ... Hyperion The Hyperion Cantos is a tetralogy of novels by Dan Simmons. ...

Chinese religion

In Daoism the Goddess of the West is believed to guard the peach trees of immortality in the Tian Shan. For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... This article is about living for infinite period of time. ...

Gallery

Gorkiy Peak seen across the South Inylchek glacier Image File history File linksMetadata Gorkiy_Peak_from_South_Inylchek_Glacier. ...	The South Inylchek Base Camp, with Chapaev and Khan Tengri across the glacier Image File history File linksMetadata South_Inylchek_Base_Camp. ...	Astronomical observations in the Tian Shan c. 1912, by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x712, 212 KB) Early color photograph from Russia, created by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii as part of his work to document the Russian Empire from 1909 to 1915. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky. ...	Schrenk's Spruce forest Image File history File linksMetadata IMG_9369-Kaindy. ...
Road from Yining to Kucha, Xinjiang, China Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 528 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,703 × 1,125 pixels, file size: 332 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Town square in Yining/Ghulja, July 2005 Yining (Simplified Chinese: 伊宁; Traditional Chinese: 伊寧; Hanyu Pinyin: Yíníng; Uighur كۇلژا Kulja; also Kuldja, Gulja, Ghulja, Ining) is a city in western Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of northwestern China, and the capital of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. ... Kucha/Kuchar (Chinese Simplified: 库车; Traditional: 庫車; pinyin KùchÄ“; also romanized as Chiu-tzu, Kiu-che, Kuei-tzu. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ...	Yaks grazing, Xinjiang, China Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 511 pixels Full resolution (1775 × 1133 pixel, file size: 379 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Tian Shan Yak ...	Ala Köl (lake), Terskey Alatau range, Kyrgyzstan Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 512 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,775 × 1,135 pixels, file size: 1. ...

See also

• Flaming Mountains

The Flaming Mountains The Flaming Mountains are barren, eroded, red sandstone hills in the Tian Shan Mountain range in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Xinru Liu, Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies (2001) [1]

References

• The Contemporary Atlas of China. 1988. London: Marshall Editions Ltd. Reprint 1989. Sydney: Collins Publishers Australia.
• The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World. Eleventh Edition. 2003. Times Books Group Ltd. London.

External links

• Russian mountaineering site
• Tien Shan

Coordinates: 42°00′N, 80°00′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

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Tian Shan