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Ticket resale is the act of reselling tickets for admission to events. In British English, one who resells tickets is often called a tout, and in American English, such a person is often called a scalper, and the practice is called scalping. However, these are colloquial terms used to refer to individuals selling tickets on the street, outside a venue or event. Established companies in the business of reselling tickets are called ticket brokers. Registered businesses reselling tickets to popular events are bound by laws, such as local and state laws in the United States, and must operate within those laws to maintain their status as a legitimate business. Ticket (unseparated) of the Kurkino in Berchtesgaden CeBIT Home 1998 student day ticket with barcode A Parisians transport ticket A ticket to the 2003 Rugby World Cup sporting event. ...
Ticket resale is a form of arbitrage that arises when the amount demanded at the sale price exceeds the amount supplied (that is, when event organizers charge less than the equilibrium prices for the tickets). In economics and finance, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a price differential between two or more markets: a combination of matching deals are struck that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices. ...
Equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded of a good or service is equal to the quantity supplied. ...
Purchase and re-sale methods
Ticket resellers use several different means to secure premium and previously sold-out ticket inventories (often in large quantities) for events such as concerts or sporting events. Established resellers often operate within vast networks of ticket contacts, including season ticket holders, individual ticket resellers and ticket brokers. They make a business out of getting customers hard-to-find and previously sold-out tickets that are no longer available through the official box office. For the album by The Cure, see Concert (album). ...
A sport consists of a normal physical activity or skill carried out under a publicly agreed set of rules, and with a recreational purpose: for competition, for self-enjoyment, to attain excellence, for the development of skill, or some combination of these. ...
Ticket scalpers work outside events often showing up with unsold tickets from brokers' offices on a consignment basis or showing up with no tickets at all and buying extra tickets from fans at, or below face value with their own money on a speculative basis hoping to resell them at a profit. There are many full-time scalpers who are regulars at particular venues and even have a following. These full-time scalpers are often sought out by fans hoping for a last minute deal and are comfortable buying from a familiar face knowing they are not likely to be ripped off by a stranger with counterfeit or stolen tickets. However, there are plenty of scam artists that sometimes follow a concert tour from city to city selling fake tickets to unsuspecting buyers for whatever they can get. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
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For other uses, see Counterfeit (disambiguation). ...
Ticket brokers operate out of offices, and use the internet and phone call centers to conduct their business. They are different from scalpers in that they offer a consumer a storefront to return to if there is any problem with their transaction. The majority of transactions that occur are via credit card over the phone/internet. The services that ticket brokers offer often can include hotel and airfare to events.
A notable recent example of re-selling occurred at the 2004 Glastonbury Festival. Tickets, initially offered for sale online, were sold out within the first few hours of availability; however, afterwards, large numbers of tickets started appearing on eBay and other online marketplaces. Not only professional ticket resellers were involved; many ordinary concert-goers had, apparently, purchased twice the number of tickets they required then sold the unused tickets at double the original price, thus effectively getting their own tickets for free and further clouding the already fine line between ticket reseller and concert-goer. The Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts, commonly abbreviated to Glastonbury or Glasto, is the largest[1] greenfield music and performing arts festival in the world. ...
This article is about the online auction center. ...
Although it was a practice in use mostly in the 1980s most often for concerts more than other events, some ticket brokers offer tickets even before the tickets are officially available for sale. In such scenarios, those ticket resellers are actually selling forward contracts of those tickets. One example is a company called TicketReserve, which is making money by selling "options" on future sporting events. This is often possible if the reseller is a season ticket holder. Season ticket holders generally receive the same exact seat locations year after year thus they can enter a contract to deliver on tickets that they own the rights to, even if those tickets have not even been printed or sent to the original ticket holder. This presale practice has fallen out of favor as ticket buyers are now accustomed to viewing online available inventory on broker sites and receiving their purchases the next day via overnight delivery. A forward contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset (which can be of any kind) at a pre-agreed future point in time. ...
In finance options are types of derivative contracts, including call options and put options, where the future payoffs to the buyer and seller of the contract are determined by the price of another security, such as a common stock. ...
Criticism of re-selling Individuals who genuinely wish to attend a popular event may find themselves unable to get tickets, as they have already been sold to ticket resellers. This practice enables the ticket resellers to sell the tickets at market value, with no effective loss because they had no intention of attending the event in the first place. Resellers argue that there is a fine line between the individuals who genuinely wish to attend a popular event (and decide to sell on their tickets later) and those that buy tickets in large quantities in order to resell their tickets for a hefty profit. The practice of reselling tickets may be defended on "free market" principles although some countries have outlawed the unauthorized resale of tickets (usually with exceptions where the reseller doesn't profit from the transaction). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Resale of tickets at sold-out events can also encourage those without tickets to turn up at the venue, in the hope of purchasing one. This can cause crowd control problems, with numbers in excess of the venue's limits approaching it, and the access of those with tickets being hampered by a sizeable number of those without. Crowd control is controlling a crowd who are not a riot and not a demonstration. ...
Responses
Legal responses A concern when buying tickets on the street from a ticket scalper or via an online auction, is that the tickets sold by ticket resellers may themselves be stolen or counterfeit. For many major sporting events counterfeit tickets are auctioned off in the months leading up to the event. These criminals and their activities are not to be confused with legitimate ticket brokers and individuals who abide by law to legally resell tickets on the secondary market.
It is controversial whether tickets are a good which can be privately resold. Some parties argue that the money paid to the organisers is actually paid for the service of attending the event, which a buyer cannot resell because the buyer does not have the service to sell. Other parties argue that tickets are paid for by consumers and should be transferable just like any other good. Typically private resale will contravene the original conditions of sale, but it's legally questionable whether the original conditions of sale are even enforceable.
In the United Kingdom resale of football/soccer tickets is illegal under section 166 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 unless the resale is authorized by the organizer of the match, such as what viagogo is doing through its partnerships with Chelsea FC, Manchester United, and Everton FC. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was an act of parliament brought into law by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...
viagogo is an online ticket exchange aimed at the European market. ...
Chelsea Football Club (also known as the Blues, previously also known as the Pensioners), founded in 1905, is a Premier League football team that plays at Stamford Bridge football ground in west London. ...
Manchester Uniteds emblem Manchester United F.C. (often abbreviated to Man United or just Man U, pronounced man-yoo) is an English football club based at Old Trafford in Greater Manchester. ...
Everton F.C. is an English football club from the city of Liverpool and was founded in 1878. ...
In the United States, ticket resale on the premises of the event (including adjacent parking lots that are officially part of the facility) may be prohibited by law, although these laws vary from state to state and the majority of U.S. states do not have laws in place to limit the value placed on the resale amount of event tickets or where and how these tickets should be sold. Ticket resellers may conduct business on nearby sidewalks, or advertise through newspaper ads or ticket brokers. Some U.S. states and venues encourage a designated area for resellers to stand in, on, or near the premises, while other states and venues prohibit ticket resale altogether. Resale laws, policies and practices are generally decided, practiced and governed at the local or even venue level in the U.S. and such laws and or interpretations are not currently generalized at a national level. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Another issue in the United States is that since ticketing laws vary by state to state, many ticket resellers use a loophole and sell their tickets outside of the state of an event. Therefore, a ticket reseller who is reselling tickets to an event at New York's Madison Square Garden is not subject to New York State's markup laws as long as the sale takes place outside of New York. The majority of ticket brokers in the New York metropolitan area have their offices in bordering states New Jersey and Connecticut for this reason. Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, known colloquially simply as The Garden, has been the name of four arenas in New York City, United States. ...
Depending on the Ticketing body's conditions of sale, tickets may be cancelled, or the ticket holder refused admission, if tickets are resold at a premium (for a profit). This is so with Ticketek tickets (Ticketek is an Australian based ticketing company). Efforts to clamp down on ticket resale have included labelling tickets with the name or a photograph of the buyer,[1] and banning people without tickets from the near vicinity of the event (where they might otherwise congregate hoping to buy a ticket from a ticket reseller at the last minute).
Online auction sites like eBay only enforce state ticketing laws if either the buyer and/or seller resides in the state where the event is taking place. Otherwise, there is no resell limit for tickets. This article is about the online auction center. ...
Selling tickets by ballot Some promoters have ceased selling tickets in the traditional first-come-first-served manner, and require prospective ticket holders to enter a "ballot" — a competition with random winners — with the prize being the opportunity to purchase a small number of tickets. The ballots are intended to discourage re-selling by making it harder to purchase large numbers of tickets because being at the front of the queue does not guarantee the holder a ticket. A typical Neapolitan tombola. ...
Events that have sold tickets by ballot include the Big Day Out in 2007[4] and the 2006 Commonwealth Games[5] The Big Day Out (BDO) is an annual music festival that tours Australia and New Zealand which originated in Sydney in 1992. ...
The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Australia between March 15 and March 26, 2006. ...
A similar practice used among ticket resellers is to list an item as an online auction (such as eBay) - most commonly an innocuous item such as a collector’s card - and give the tickets as a bonus to the winning bidder; thereby not actually selling tickets in order to circumvent ticket laws.
Selling tickets at auction In September 2003, Ticketmaster announced plans to sell tickets in online auctions, which will bring the sale price of tickets closer to market prices. The New York Times reported that this could help the agency determine demand for a given event and more effectively compete with ticket resellers.[2] As of 2007, Ticketmaster still sells tickets at auction in the United States.[3] Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Ticketmaster is based in West Hollywood, California, USA, but has operations in many countries around the world. ...
The online auction business model is one in which participants bid for products and services over the internet. ...
2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
2007 World Series Ticket Controversy | | This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims.
Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (October 2007) | On October 17th 2007, a week before the first game of the 2007 World Series vs. Boston, the Colorado Rockies announced that tickets would be made available to the general public via online sales only despite prior arrangements to sell the tickets at local retail outlets.[4] Five days later on October 22nd, California based ticket vendor Paciolan, Inc., the sole contractor authorized by the Colorado Rockies to distribute tickets, was forced to suspend sales after less than an hour due to an exuberant number of attempts to purchase tickets[5]. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ...
October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
Dates: October 24 – October 28, 2007 MVP: Mike Lowell Television: FOX (U.S.), RSN (Canada), NASN (Europe), ESPN Latin America Announcers: Joe Buck and Tim McCarver Umpires: Ed Montague, Laz DÃaz, Ted Barrett, Chuck Meriwether, Mike Everitt, Mike Reilly[1] ALCS: Boston Red Sox def. ...
Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area - City 232. ...
Major league affiliations National League (1993–present) West Division (1993–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 42 Name Colorado Rockies (1993–present) Other nicknames The Rocks, The Rox, Blake Street Bombers, Hurdles Heroes. ...
October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ...
An offical release from the baseball organization claims that they were the victims of a denial of service attack, however these claims were unsubstantiated and neither the Rockies nor Paciolan have sought investigation into the matter[6]. Ticket sales resumed the next day, with all three home games selling out within 2 and a half hours. A denial-of-service attack (also, DoS attack) is an attack on a computer system or network that causes a loss of service to users, typically the loss of network connectivity and services by consuming the bandwidth of the victim network or overloading the computational resources of the victim system. ...
As a result of the decision to sell tickets solely online local fans of the Colorado Rockies were placed at a disadvantage, forced to compete with ticket brokers and ticket scalpers from around the world. It is widely accepted that brokers, agents and scalpers purchased a majority of the tickets made available to the general public. Within an hour of tickets selling out the average price had inflated to over five times face value. Ticket Brokers are aftermarket businesses which sell premium tickets for sports, concerts and other special events often for many times face value. ...
In commerce, a broker is a party that mediates between a buyer and a seller. ...
Look up Agent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary An agent is an autonomous entity with an ontological commitment and agenda of its own. ...
For other uses, see Scalping (disambiguation). ...
Face Value is the title of Phil Collins debut solo album, released in February of 1981. ...
See also Price discrimination exists when sales of identical goods or services are transacted at different prices from the same provider. ...
In economics, an experience good is a product or service where product characteristics such as quality or price are difficult to observe. ...
Notes is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
External links - Ticket Distribution Practices: New York Attorney General Report on Ticket Resell
- National Association of Ticket Brokers: NATB is a non-profit trade association representing legitimate ticket brokers in the United States.
- The Market for Rock Concerts in the Material WorldPDF (385 KiB): Princeton University Professor Alan B. Krueger April 12, 2004 paper on reselling tickets
- A podcast defending ticket resale Russ Roberts on EconTalk explores the economics of ticket resale, arguing in favor of the practice.
- Ticket News: Only Trade publication for the Secondary Ticket Market
- Missouri’s Senate Approves Ticket Reselling Law
- Ticket Summit is an annual show and conference focusing on the secondary ticket industry
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