The Dingling/Gaoche/Chile/Tiele (丁零/高車/敕勒/铁勒) peoples were an ancient Siberian people. They originally dwelled in the area west of modern day Lake Baikal at the bank of Lena River and were already around during the time of the Xiongnu Empire. Siberian federal subjects of Russia Siberia (Russian: Сиби́рь, common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting all of northern Asia. ... Lake Baikal The Yenisei River basin, Lake Baikal, and the cities of Dikson, Dudinka, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk Lake Baikal is the largest (by volume), deepest and oldest freshwater lake in the world. ... The Lena River (Russian: Ле́на) in Siberia is the 10th longest river in the world and has the 9th largest watershed. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ...

Origin and migration

The Dinglings were a numerous, warlike, vital ethnos of hunters, fishers, and gatherers of the southern Siberian mountain taiga from the Lake Baikal to Altai Range. They dominated this area for millennia, from the Neolithic down to the founding of the Xiongnu Confederacy. Along the edges of the retreating glaciers, among grazing herds of game animals like mammoth, bison, elk, reindeer, musk ox, etc., a large part of the proto-Dingling gradually wandered along the streams of the Amur, Lena and Aldan, all the way to the Pacific coast, and further to Alaska. Another group of this ethnos migrated toward the northwest in the watersheds of the Irtysh, Ob and Yenisei. Lake Baikal The Yenisei River basin, Lake Baikal, and the cities of Dikson, Dudinka, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk Lake Baikal is the largest (by volume), deepest and oldest freshwater lake in the world. ... The Altai is a mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together, and where the great rivers Irtysh, Ob and Yenisei have their sources. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... The Amur River (Russian: Амур; Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江; Hanyu Pinyin: , or Black Dragon River; Mongolian: Хара-Мурэн, Khara-Muren or Black River; Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black River) is one of the world’s ten longest rivers, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria in China. ... The Lena River (Russian: Ле́на) in Siberia is the 10th longest river in the world and has the 9th largest watershed. ... The Aldan River is the second-longest tributary of the Lena River in eastern Siberia. ... View of the Pacific Ocean from Oregon. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Irtysh (Иртыш ; Kazakh: Ertis / Эртiс ; Tatar: Ä°rteÅŸ / Иртеш ; Chinese: Erqisi / 额尔齐斯河) a river in Central Asia, the chief tributary of the river Ob. ... OB can stand for: OtakuBoards, a message board, with its main focus set at anime. ... Енисей Length 5,550 (4,102) km Elevation of the source m Average discharge 19,600 m³/s Area watershed 2,580,000 km² Origin  ? Mouth Arctic Ocean Basin countries Russia The Yenisei basin, Lake Baikal, and the cities of Dikson, Dudinka, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk Yenisei (Енисе́й) is a river...

In Chinese chronicles, the Dingling usually correspond with tribe's name like Gaoche, Chile and Tiele, and in many chronicles they were considered to be the former Dinglings under commentaries made in the later era. The Dingling are not longer mentioned by the 7th century and gradually replaced, the anthropology of Dinglings were unknown since there was never been a record from any chronicle or commentary. According to the Weilue, one group of Dingling escaped to the western steppe in Kazakhstan while the remaining Dingling became absorbed into various Altaic peoples known as the Gaoche, and later, the Tiele. Groups such as Xueyantuo (Syr-Tardush), Basmil (Baximi), Oguz (Wuhu), Uyghur (Weihu), and the northern most Yakut (Guligan) from the Lake Baikal are the Tiele tribes. Section of a typical extract from the Book of Sui volume 84: The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Weilue (Chinese: ; pinyin: Wèilüè; Wade-Giles: Wei-lüeh) written by Yu Huan (Chinese: ; pinyin: YÇ” Huàn) between CE 239, the end of Emperor Ming’s reign, and 265 CE, the end of the Cao Wei (220-265 CE). ... It has been suggested that Altaic hypothesis be merged into this article or section. ... The Oghuz Turks (also with various alternate spellings, including Oguz, OÄŸuz, Ouz, Okuz, Oufoi, Guozz and Ghuzz) are regarded as one of the major branches of Turkic peoples. ... The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Uighur Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Pinyin: Wéiwúěr; Turkish: Uygur) are a Turkic people, forming one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Саха́ (Яку́тия); Yakut: Саха Республиката) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Twenty-Four Histories is a collection of historical books covering a period of history from 3000 B.C. to the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century. ...

The forebear of the Tiele belonged to those of Xiongnu descendants, and had the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied along the valleys, scattering in the vast region west to the Western Sea [Black Sea]:
A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... Map of the Black Sea. ...

1. At the area north of the Duluo River [Tuul River], are the Pugu, Tongluo, Weihu [Uyghur], Bayegu, Fuluo, which are composited into the Sijin legion, other tribes such as Mengchen, Turuhu, Sijie, Hun, Hu, Xue and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They have a 20,000 invincible armies.
2. In the regions west of Yiwu [Kumul], the north of Yanqi [Karashahr], near the edge of the White Mountains [Tian Shan], come to the abodes of Qipi, Boluozhi, Yizhi, Supo, Nahe, Wuhu [Oguz], Hugu [Kirgiz], Yezhi, Yunihu and so forth. They have a 20,000 invincible armies.
3. After passing the south west from the Gold Mountains [Altay Mountains], are the Xueyantuo [Syr-Tardush], Zhileer, Shipan [Yueban], Daqi and so forth. They have a 10,000 invincible armies.
4. Leaving these, we come to the regions north of Kang [Samarkand], near the river of Ade [Volga], here, dwell the Hezhi, Bahu, Bigan [Pecheneg], Juhai, Hebixi, Hecuo, Suba, Yemo, Keda and so forth. They have a 30,000 invincible armies.
5. At the western portion, from the east to the west of the De Yi Sea [Caspian Sea], are the Sulu, Hesan [Hazar], Suoye, Miecu, Longhu and so forth. They have a 8,000 invincible armies.
6. Until we reach to the east of Fulin [the Byzantine Empire], are the Enqu, Alan [Alans], Beiru, Jiuli, Fuwahun and so forth. They have a nearly 20,000 invincible armies.
7. And lastly, in the regions south of the Northern Sea [Lake Baikal], dwell the Dubo [Tuva] and also some other tribes.

The names of these tribes are different, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele don't have a master, they are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Gokturks separately. They don't have permanent residence, and moved with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are: [1] they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance, [2] they were good riders and archers, and [3] they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. These tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Gokturks had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westard, thus annexing all of the northern regional lands.

The customs of the Tiele and Gokturks are not much different. However a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.

The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Uighur Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Pinyin: Wéiwúěr; Turkish: Uygur) are a Turkic people, forming one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Kumul or Hami (Uyghur: قۇمۇل/K̢umul; Chinese: 哈密; Pinyin: Hāmì) is an oasis in Xinjiang (China); it is also the name of a modern city and the sourrounding district. ... Karasahr (Also Karashahr, meaning black city. Sanskrit Agnideśa. ... The Tian Shan (Chinese: 天山; Pinyin: Tiān Shān; celestial mountains) mountain range is located in Central Asia, in the border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of western China. ... The Oghuz Turks (also with various alternate spellings, including Oguz, OÄŸuz, Ouz, Okuz, Oufoi, Guozz and Ghuzz) are regarded as one of the major branches of Turkic peoples. ... Kirghiz (also Kyrgyz) are a Turkic ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. ... The Altai is a mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together, and where the great rivers Irtysh, Ob and Yenisei have their sources. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... Colour photograph of a Madrasa taken in Samarkand ca. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... The Pechenegs or Patzinaks (in Hungarian: BesenyÅ‘k, Russian: Печенеги, Ukrainian: Печеніги ) were a semi-nomadic people of the Central Asian steppes speaking a Turkic language. ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea of Eurasia between Asia and Europe. ... The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia who adopted Judaism. ... Byzantine Empire (native Greek name: - Basileia tōn Romaiōn) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ... Lake Baikal The Yenisei River basin, Lake Baikal, and the cities of Dikson, Dudinka, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk Lake Baikal is the largest (by volume), deepest and oldest freshwater lake in the world. ... Tuvans (or Tuvinians) are a group of Turkic people who make up about three fourths of the population of Tuva. ... The Göktürks or Kök-Türks known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. ... A horse archer (or horsed archer, mounted archer) is a cavalryman armed with a bow. ... These arrows score as an inner 10 (X), and a 9 Archery is the practice of using a bow to shoot arrows. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (called crocadiles in vernacular and contemporary usage, kine or kyne in pre-modern English, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse( (Equus caballus sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... The Göktürks or Kök-Türks known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. ... The Göktürks or Kök-Türks known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. ...

Etymology

Although the words dingling, gaoche, chile and tiele (as in modern Mandarin pronunciation of pinyin romanisation) are often used interchangeably, this usage is erroneous as pointed out by modern academia. Dingling refers an extinct ethnic group. The Gaoche was an ethnic-tribe that expelled by Juan Juan from Mongolia and founded a state (487-541) at Turpan, which was descended in part from the Dingling. The Tiele was a collection of tribes of different Altaic ethical-origins which largely descended from the Chile. All four groups somewhat happened to occupy quite a similar geographical area in succession of each other with an exception for the first one. Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... Pinyin is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin, where pin means spell(ing) and yin means sound(s)). This article describes the most common variant called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n), also known as scheme... Juan Juan (wg), RuÇŽnruÇŽn (è •è • lit. ... Events Births Deaths April 17 - Proclus, Neoplatonic philosopher Syagrius, King of the Romans in Soissons See also Intel 80487 Categories: 487 ... Events January 1 - Flavius Basilius Junior appointed as consul in Constantinople, the last person to hold this office January 2 - Earthquake strikes Laodicea. ... Turfan (Modern Chinese 吐魯番; pinyin: Tulufan, ancient Chinese Gaochang, also: Kao-chang, Turpan) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... It has been suggested that Altaic hypothesis be merged into this article or section. ...

Language

According to Russian linguist experts on Slavic languages, proposed that probably, the Proto-Dinglings spoke a polysynthetic language with an active typology, and exhibited, linguistically and culturally, a unified ethnic community. Heinrich Werner's Zur jenissejisch-indianischen Urverwandtschaft, (Concerning Yeniseian-Indian Word Origins). developed a new genealogical concept, which he terms “Baikal-Siberic,”in which the Yeniseian peoples (Arin, Assan, Yug, Ket, Kott, and Pumpokol), the Na-Dene “Indians,” and the Ding-ling folk of the ancient Chinese chronicles can all be traced back to “Proto-Dingling.” The linguistic comparison of Na-Dene and Yeniseian shows that the quantity and character of the correspondences point unequivocally to common origin (Urverwandtschaft).”  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... Na-Dené or Na-Dene is a Native American language family which includes the Athabaskan languages, Eyak, and Tlingit. ...

Ding-ling can be seen to resemble (1) the Yeniseian word *dzheng ‘people’ > Ket de?ng, Yug dyeng, Kott cheang; and (2) the Na-Dene word *ling or *hling ‘people’, as manifested in the name of the Tlingit (properly hling-git ‘son of man, child of the people’), etc. A Tlingit totem pole in Ketchikan ca. ...

Rulers of Gaoche

A family name, or surname, is that part of a persons name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. ... A given name is a word which specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name. ... Events Births Deaths April 17 - Proclus, Neoplatonic philosopher Syagrius, King of the Romans in Soissons See also Intel 80487 Categories: 487 ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... Yueju can refer to: Yue opera (越劇) Cantonese opera (粵劇) This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... Events January 1 - Flavius Basilius Junior appointed as consul in Constantinople, the last person to hold this office January 2 - Earthquake strikes Laodicea. ...

References

• The Peoples of the West, from the Weilue, by Yu Huan
• Gumilev, L.N. "The Huns. Central Asia in Ancient Times", (Russian: Khunnu),1960
• Suribadalaha. Mengguzu Zuyuan Xinkao, Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe, 1986. [1]

See also

• Wei (Dingling)