Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands (Spanish: Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur) is a province entirely separated by the Strait of Magellan from mainland Argentina on the Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego, which it shares with Chile to the west. In addition to the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego, the province also encompasses Argentine claims to Antarctica; to the Falkland Islands (under their Spanish-language name, Malvinas); and to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. All claims to Antarctica are effectively subject to the Antarctic Treaty, without wide international recognition, and the Argentine Claim overlaps with both the British and Chilean claims. The Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are governed as British overseas territories. Image File history File links Flag_of_Tierra_del_Fuego_province_in_Argentina. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (520x1004, 13 KB) Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Argentina A map highlighting Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands, Argentina. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Ushuaia (pronounced ) is the capital of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego, and claims to be the worlds southernmost city (see discussion below). ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... María Fabiana Ríos (born 31 March 1964 in Rosario, Santa Fe) is an Argentine politician of the party ARI (Afirmación para una República de Iguales, Support for an Egalitarian Republic), residing in the province of Tierra del Fuego. ... ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... A map of the Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan is a navigable sea route immediately south of mainland Chile, South America and north of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. ... Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ... Antarctic portion between meridians 25º West and 74º West Argentine Antarctica (in Spanish, Antártida Argentina) is a sector of Antarctica which Argentina considers part of its National Territory. ... Motto Leo Terram Propriam Protegat(Latin) Let the Lion protect his own land or May the Lion protect his own land Anthem God Save the Queen Capital Grytviken (King Edward Point) Official languages English Government British overseas territory  -  Head of State Queen Elizabeth II  -  Commissioner Alan Huckle Area  -  Total 3... For the Antarctic Treaty from the Gundam anime, see Antarctic Treaty (Gundam) The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... Motto Leo Terram Propriam Protegat(Latin) Let the Lion protect his own land or May the Lion protect his own land Anthem God Save the Queen Capital Grytviken (King Edward Point) Official languages English Government British overseas territory  -  Head of State Queen Elizabeth II  -  Commissioner Alan Huckle Area  -  Total 3... Location of the British Overseas Territories The British Overseas Territories are fourteen[1] territories which the United Kingdom considers to be under its sovereignty, but not as part of the United Kingdom itself. ...

History

The youngest of the Argentine provinces was first inhabited around 12,000 years ago. When the first Europeans arrived, they encountered a population of about 10,000 indigenous people belonging to four different tribes: Yamana, Alakaluf, Selk'nam and Manek'enk (Haush).^[1] Within fifty years after discovery, only about 350 natives remained due to the diseases such as smallpox and measles that had ravaged these tribes.^[2][3] The provincial capital city is Ushuaia, from a native word meaning "bay towards the end". Argentina is subdivided in 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 federal district (capital federal). ... The Yaghan or Yamana were an indigenous people of Tierra del Fuego. ... Kawésqar (also Qawasqar, Alacaluf, Halakwulup, Kaweskar, Alakaluf, Kawaskar, Kawesqar, Qawashqar, Halakwalip, Hekaine, Kaueskar, Aksanás) is a language isolate spoken in southern Chile. ... The Selknam, also known as the Ona, a now-extinct people, lived in the Tierra del Fuego islands, in southern Chile and Argentina. ... In medicine, infectious disease or communicable disease is disease caused by a biological agent (e. ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ... Ushuaia (pronounced ) is the capital of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego, and claims to be the worlds southernmost city (see discussion below). ...

The territory was "discovered" in 1520 by the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan, who named the place first Land of Smokes and later Land of Fire, as he saw what were probably the fires produced by the local aborigines for heat.

Juan de Alderete in 1555 and later Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa intended to found settlements in the area, but the inclemency of the weather and the constant attacks of British pirates, who took Sarmiento de Gamboa prisoner, frustrated their ambitions.^{[citation needed]} Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Spanish, Dutch, British and French explorers ventured on Tierra del Fuego island and the nearby seas. Gabriel de Castilla passed through before discovering Antarctica, while Robert FitzRoy, and Charles Darwin explored this land and other parts of Patagonia. Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ... Vice-Admiral Robert FitzRoy (5 July 1805 – 30 April 1865) achieved lasting fame as the captain of HMS Beagle during Charles Darwins famous voyage, and as a pioneering meteorologist who made accurate weather forecasting a reality. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... Patagonia, as most commonly defined (in orange). ...

In 1828 Argentina established a penal colony at Puerto Luis on the Falkland Islands, but in 1833 the British sent a naval task force to request that the Argentine representative of the islands, José María Pinedo, and Argentine forces leave the islands.

Luis Piedrabuena installed a base in San Juan de Salvamento on Isla de los Estados island. The British Patagonia Mission, under its superintendent Waite Stirling, founded Ushuaia as an Anglican mission in 1869^[4], and shortly thereafter Salesian missionaries founded Río Grande. Isla de los Estados (Staten Island) is an island that lies on the Le Maire Strait off the eastern extremity of the Argentine portion of Tierra del Fuego. ... Ushuaia (pronounced ) is the capital of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego, and claims to be the worlds southernmost city (see discussion below). ... This article is about the religious order. ... Rio Grande in Tierra del Fuego Río Grande is a town in Argentina, on the northern part of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. ...

In the 1880s the Argentine government took a more active interest in Tierra del Fuego. In 1881, the meridian 68°36'38 W was defined as the boundary between the Chilean and the Argentine sides of the island. In 1884 the Government of Tierra del Fuego was created, and a subprefecture was established at Ushuaia.

The southern part of the Beagle Channel was an issue of conflict between both states, specially regarding three small islands, Picton, Lennox and Nueva, which were given to Chile by decision of the mediating British Crown in 1977, revised by Pope John Paul II and ratified by treaty in 1985. Sea lions on La Isla de Los Lobos in the Beagle Channel Glacier on the north shore of the Beagle Channel Beagle Channel is a strait separating islands of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in extreme southern South America. ... Map of Picton, Lennox and Nueva Picton, Lennox and Nueva is a group of three uninhabited islands (and their islets) located on the extreme south of South America, in the Chilean region Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena, near Navarino island and the southern coast of Isla Grande de Tierra... The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen_in_Parliament) legislative power. ... Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: , Polish: ) born   IPA: ; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City from 16 October 1978, until his death, almost 27 years later, making his the second-longest...

When the crews of sailing-ships told of the notoriously dangerous voyage round the tip of South America, Tierra del Fuego became a byword in Europe for an inhospitable land, where life would be impossibly harsh for settlers. In reality however, it is by no means the most sparsely populated province of Argentina, as Europeans often assume. Its population density of 4.75/ km² is in fact higher than five other provinces, due to various waves of immigration. Argentina is subdivided in 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 federal district (capital federal). ...

Gold fever started in Tierra del Fuego around 1883. Many Croatians from the Dalmatian coast arrived in search of gold. The rush for gold brought with it some progress such as the telegraph in addition to a wave of immigrants. Although by 1910 the gold fever had died along with the exhaustion of the precious metal's sources, most of the pioneers stayed. The inauspicious-looking northern plains proved to be ideal sheep-farming territory, and vast latifundias sprang up. Croatian, Scottish, Basque, Italian, Galician and Chilean immigrants arrived to work on the estancias and build up their own landholdings Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ...

With the creation of the Gobernación Marítima de Tierra del Fuego in 1943, construction of naval bases began in Ushuaia and Río Grande, as well as an airport and other infrastructure. This brought a significant number of immigrants from Argentina and other countries.

It was not until 1990 that the Territorio Nacional de la Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur was declared a province, and receiving its first governor two years later.

As a result of killings and disease, by 1920 the Amerindian population of the island had dropped to only 200. Word of the attrocities reached the Federal Congress, in Buenos Aires, which tried to help the Salesian mission, the only institution working in the island to protect them.^{[citation needed]}

Geography and climate

The province can be geographically divided into 3 distinct areas: the Tierra del Fuego islands, the Argentine Antarctica, and the Islands of the South Atlantic. Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ... Antarctic portion between meridians 25º West and 74º West Argentine Antarctica (in Spanish, Antártida Argentina) is a sector of Antarctica which Argentina considers part of its National Territory. ...

Tierra del Fuego Island

See also Tierra del Fuego

There are low mountains and sandy beaches at the north of the island, ascending to the south. The north is somewhat similar to the steppe of the Santa Cruz Province. In the middle of the island, the end of the Andes mountain system runs horizontally, and its highest peak, Mount Cornú, rises only 1,490 meters. There are a number of short rivers (Grande, Moneta, Ona, Lasifashaj, etc.), and due to the low temperature, there are many small glaciers that descend towards the sea. The annual average temperature of the island is 5.3 °C, with precipitation of 300 mm in the north and 550 mm in the south. Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ... Map of Argentina highlighting the province Santa Cruz is a province of Argentina, located in the south of the country. ... This article is about the mountain range in South America. ... The Ona, also called Selknam, a now-extinct people, inhabited the far south of Patagonia, in Chile and Argentina, and especially Tierra del Fuego. ... The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) is an SI derived unit of temperature. ...

Argentine Antarctica

See also Argentine Antarctica

Antarctic portion between meridians 25º West and 74º West

The part of Antarctica claimed by Argentina is formed by a long peninsula, and a gulf of which half remains frozen all year round. The highest peak of this section of the continent is Monte Chiriguano, at 3360 meters. The weather is normally cold and windy. Antarctic portion between meridians 25º West and 74º West Argentine Antarctica (in Spanish, Antártida Argentina) is a sector of Antarctica which Argentina considers part of its National Territory. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Islands of the South Atlantic

See also Falkland Islands

Most of the islands of the Southern Atlantic present a more humid climate, except for the Falkland Islands. For instance, the Año Nuevo and Isla de los Estados islands have a dense vegetation of low forests of lenga and ñire. Isla de los Estados (Staten Island) is an island that lies on the Le Maire Strait off the eastern extremity of the Argentine portion of Tierra del Fuego. ... Binomial name Nothofagus lenga (Forster) Oersted The Lenga Beech or lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) is a deciduous tree or shrub native to the centre area of the Andes range, in the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina down to Tierra del Fuego. ...

The Falklands are covered in moorland, which receive less precipitation than other islands closer to the continent, and is constantly swept by strong winds. The South Orkney Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are also considered to be part of the South Atlantic Islands, and they are colder than the others, because they are so far from continental land masses. The South Orkney Islands (Spanish: Islas Orcadas) are a group of sub-antarctic islands situated at latitudes 60°50 to 60°83 S, and longitudes 44°25 to 46°25 W in the Southern Ocean. ... Motto Leo Terram Propriam Protegat(Latin) Let the Lion protect his own land or May the Lion protect his own land Anthem God Save the Queen Capital Grytviken (King Edward Point) Official languages English Government British overseas territory  -  Head of State Queen Elizabeth II  -  Commissioner Alan Huckle Area  -  Total 3...

Economy

Monte Olivia, tourist sight destination near Ushuaia.

The province of Tierra del Fuego benefits from certain tax benefits that support industry and immigration to less populated areas. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2288 × 1712 pixel, file size: 751 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Author: Miguel A. Monjas Date: February 2nd, 2006 Place: Bahía de Ushuaia (Argentina) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2288 × 1712 pixel, file size: 751 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Author: Miguel A. Monjas Date: February 2nd, 2006 Place: Bahía de Ushuaia (Argentina) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia...

In addition, it is one of the most prosperous provinces in Argentina, in terms of standard of living, after the autonomous city of Buenos Aires, and the province of Santa Cruz. For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... Santa Cruz is a province of Argentina, located in the south of the country, in the Patagonia. ...

Recently, in the city of Río Grande, many international and Argentine companies, most notably the Korean company Samsung and the Argentine company Teltron, have installed factories that produce high-definition televisions (HDTV), mass production of CD-ROM-related articles, and low-cost GSM cell phones built mainly from Argentine components. Rio Grande in Tierra del Fuego Río Grande is a town in Argentina, on the northern part of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. ... Samsung Group is one of the largest South Korean business groupings. ... High-definition television (HDTV) is a digital television broadcasting system with greater resolution than traditional television systems (NTSC, SECAM, PAL). ... The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ... For other uses, see GSM (disambiguation). ...

Sheep are still the main source of wool, meat and leather throughout the province except for Argentine Antarctica, where there are no commercial enterprises. Species See text. ...

A number of factories have opened on Tierra del Fuego Island to take advantage of the tax benefits legislated in 1972, mainly of home appliances and electronics.

Hydrocarbons are extracted on Tierra del Fuego Island, and some companies have been searching extraction points, not only in the Falkland Islands but also in the waters between the islands and the American continent. In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a cleaning solution consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ...

Tourism is gaining importance on Tierra del Fuego island, and the region offers mountains, glaciers, forests, fast rivers, waterfalls, a ski centre, and the sea, all within short distances. Both Jules Verne and Darwin were fascinated by the beauties of the island. The most visited destinations include Ushuaia, the Tierra del Fuego National Park and the Tren del Fin del Mundo, Fagnano Lake, Museum of the End of the World, the Beagle Channel,Les Eclaireurs lighthouse, the old jail, and the Isla de los Estados. This article is about the French author. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... Tierra del Fuego National Park is a national park on the Argentine part of the island of Tierra del Fuego, within Tierra del Fuego Province. ... The Southern Fuegian Railway or the End of the World Train (Spanish: Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino (FCAF) or El Tren del Fin del Mundo) is a narrow gauge railway in Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina using steam locomotives. ... The Fagnano (Spanish: Lago Fagnano or Lago Cami) is a lake located on the main island of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, and shared by Argentina and Chile. ... Sea lions on La Isla de Los Lobos in the Beagle Channel Glacier on the north shore of the Beagle Channel Beagle Channel is a strait separating islands of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in extreme southern South America. ... Isla de los Estados (Staten Island) is an island that lies on the Le Maire Strait off the eastern extremity of the Argentine portion of Tierra del Fuego. ...

The Argentine Antarctica started receiving tourists a short time ago. Tourists can see wildlife at the Argentine Marambio Base during the summer. Base Antártica Marambio is the main Argentine base in Antarctica, and it is located at the Seymour-Marambio Island, at , some 100 km (88 mi) from Esperanza Base. ...

The Falkland Islands gained notoriety after the Falkland War, and a few tourists adventure to the islands. Belligerents Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties and losses 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner...

Political division

The province is divided in 4 departments (Spanish: departamentos), only the first two of which are under the effective control of Argentina: Departments (Spanish: departamentos) form the second level of administrative division in the provinces of Argentina. ...

1. Ushuaia (capital Ushuaia)
2. Río Grande (capital Río Grande)
3. Antártida Argentina: the Argentine claim to Antarctica, which lies between 25°W and 74°W (overlapping both Chilean and British claims) and which is uninhabited apart from staff of scientific bases. Being south of 60°S, the Argentine claim to the entire department is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. The South Orkney Islands and South Shetland Islands, which also lie south of 60°S, are considered by Argentina to be part of the department of Islas del Atlántico Sur.
4. Islas del Atlántico Sur: consists of the Argentine claim to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas in Spanish) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which are governed by the United Kingdom as British Overseas territories. The department also includes the South Orkney Islands and South Shetland Islands, though they lie south of 60°S and thus the Argentine claim is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

Ushuaia (pronounced ) is the capital of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego, and claims to be the worlds southernmost city (see discussion below). ... Rio Grande in Tierra del Fuego Río Grande is a town in Argentina, on the northern part of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. ... Argentinian Antarctica (in Spanish, Antártida Argentina) is a sector of Antarctica which Argentinians consider part of their National Territory. ... For the Antarctic Treaty from the Gundam anime, see Antarctic Treaty (Gundam) The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... The South Orkney Islands (Spanish: Islas Orcadas) are a group of sub-antarctic islands situated at latitudes 60°50 to 60°83 S, and longitudes 44°25 to 46°25 W in the Southern Ocean. ... Location of the South Shetlands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands, lying about 120 kilometres north of the Antarctic Peninsula. ... Motto Leo Terram Propriam Protegat(Latin) Let the Lion protect his own land or May the Lion protect his own land Anthem God Save the Queen Capital Grytviken (King Edward Point) Official languages English Government British overseas territory  -  Head of State Queen Elizabeth II  -  Commissioner Alan Huckle Area  -  Total 3... The South Orkney Islands (Spanish: Islas Orcadas) are a group of sub-antarctic islands situated at latitudes 60°50 to 60°83 S, and longitudes 44°25 to 46°25 W in the Southern Ocean. ... Location of the South Shetlands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands, lying about 120 kilometres north of the Antarctic Peninsula. ... For the Antarctic Treaty from the Gundam anime, see Antarctic Treaty (Gundam) The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ...

See also

• Tierra del Fuego Island
• Tierra del Fuego Province, Chile
• Argentina-Chile Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1984

Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ... The Chilean Tierra del Fuego Province (in Spanish Provincia de Tierra del Fuego) is located on the Chilean part of the main island of Tierra del Fuego. ... Map of Picton, Lennox and Nueva The Argentina-Chile Peace and Friendship Treaty (Spanish: Tratado de Paz y Amistad) was an agreement signed in 1984 between Argentina and Chile over the possession of the Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands and sea located south of Tierra del Fuego resolving a serious...

References

1. ^ Tierra Del Fuego
2. ^ Yahgan & Ona - The Road to Extinction
3. ^ "La Patagonia Trágica"
4. ^ Bridges, E L (1948) The Uttermost Part of the Earth Republished 2008, Overlook Press ISBN 978-1585679560

External links

• Tierra del Fuego provincial government homepage (Spanish)
• Tierra del Fuego tourist information (English) (Spanish)