Tighina or Bender (Russian: Бендеры; Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина) is a city in Transnistria, the breakaway region of Moldova. Tighina is located in the buffer zone established at the end of the War of Transnistria. While the Joint Control Commission has overriding powers, Transnistria has de facto control over the city. The Moldovan alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet derived from the Russian alphabet and developed for the Romanian / Moldovan language in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. ... Motto: For the right to live on this land[citation needed] Anthem: Anthem of Transnistria Capital (and largest city) Tiraspol Russian, Ukrainian, Moldovan Government Semi-presidential  - President Igor Smirnov Independence from Moldova   - Declared September 2, 1990   - Recognition unrecognized  Area  - Total 4,163 km² 1,607 sq mi   - Water (%) 2. ... Buffer Zone is one of the neighborhoods of North Nazimabad Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Combatants Transnistria Russian volunteers Ukrainian volunteers Moldova Casualties 823 Transnistrian fatalities;[1] unknown number of volunteer casualties ~1,000 total casualties Official figures: 172 combatants, ~400 civilians The War of Transnistria involved armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between the Transnistrian separatists and the Moldovan police as... The Joint Control Commission (JCC), (Russian initials: OKK) is a tri-lateral peacekeeping force and joint military command structure which operates in a buffer zone on the border between the Republic of Moldova and the disputed territory of Transnistria. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

Population

Administration

Aleksander Ivanovich Posudnevsky is the city's current mayor. Aleksander Ivanovich Posudnevsky is the mayor of Bender (Romanian: Tighina), the second-largest city in Transnistria. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ...

History

The fortress of Tighina

A monument in Tighina including an Infantry fighting vehicle

The Tighina Fortress was first mentioned as an important customs post in a commerce grant issued by Moldavian voivod Alexandru cel Bun to merchants from Lviv on October 8, 1408. The document is written in Old Slavonic, and the place is named Тягянакача [Tyagyanacacha]. The name Tighina is found in documents from the second half of the 15th century. Image File history File links Tighina. ... Image File history File links Tighina. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3264x2448, 3668 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Tighina Talk:Transnistria/archive 10 Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3264x2448, 3668 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Tighina Talk:Transnistria/archive 10 Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... A Warrior vehicle with UN markings, during the making of the eponymous film. ... Voivod or (more common) voivoda is a Slavic term initially denoting first in command of a military unit. ... Alexandru cel Bun Alexandru cel Bun on a Moldovan coin Alexandru cel Bun (Alexandru I MuÅŸat, Alexander the Kind) was the ruler of Moldavia 1400-1432, son of Roman I MuÅŸat. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Location Map of Ukraine with Lviv. ... October 8 is the 281st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (282nd in leap years). ... Events December 13 - The Order of the Dragon is officially formated under King Sigismund of Hungary. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ...

In 1538, the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the fortress, and renamed it Bender. Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1923, beginning with Osman I (not counting his father, Ertuğrul), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. ... Suleiman I (Ottoman:سليمان Sulaymān, Turkish: Süleyman; the long name is Kanuni Sultan Süleyman in Turkish) (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth Sultan from the House of Osman of the Ottoman Empire, and its longest-serving, reigning from 1520 to 1566. ...

In the 18th century, the fort's area was expanded and modernized by the prince of Moldavia Antioh Cantemir, who carried out these works under the Ottoman supervision. Antioh Cantemir, son of Constantin Cantemir and brother of Dimitrie Cantemir (not to be confused with Antiokh Dmitrievich Kantemir, Dimitries son), was a Moldavian Voivode (Prince) between December 18, 1695 and September 12, 1700, and again from February 23, 1705 to July 31, 1707. ...

In 1713, the fortress was the site of a skirmish (kalabalik) between Charles XII of Sweden, who had taken refuge there with Cossacks leader Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa after the Battle of Poltava, and Turks who wished to take him hostage and exploit the political difficulties of central Europe. // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... Carl XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex, (June 17, 1682 – November 30, 1718), the Alexander of the North, nicknamed in Turkish as DemirbaÅŸ Åžarl (Charles the Habitué), was a King of Sweden from 1697 until his death in 1718. ... Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Ottoman Empire. ... Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa (Іван Степанович Мазепа in Ukrainian; Иван Степанович Мазепа in Russian) (circa 1640 &#8212... The Battle of Poltava (or Pultowa) was a battle between the armies of Peter I of Russia and Charles XII of Sweden on 28 June (new style 8 July) 1709, the most famous of the battles of the Great Northern War. ...

During the second half of the 18th century, Tighina fell three times to the Russians during the Russo-Turkish Wars. The Russo-Turkish Wars were a series of eleven wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Turkish-ruled Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. ...

Along with Bessarabia, the city was annexed to Russia in 1812 and remained in the Russian gubernia of Bessarabia until 1917. 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish, Бесарабія in Ukrainian) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... Guberniya (also gubernia, guberniia, and gubernya) (Russian: губе́рния) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as province or Governorate General. ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ...

As a part of Bessarabia, Tighina belonged to the Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917-1918), and Romania (1918-1940, 1941-1944). Moldavian Democratic Republic was declared on December 16, 1917 by the National Council (Sfatul Ţării) of Bassarabia (Bessarabia) elected in September 1917 in the wake of the February Revolution in the Russian Empire. ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...

Along with Bessarabia, the city was occupied by the Soviet Union on June 28, 1940. In the course of World War II, it was retaken by Romania in July 1941, and again by USSR in August 1944. June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...

In 1940-41, and 1941-1991 it was one of the four "republican cities" of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union, and since 1991 the independent Republic of Moldova. State motto: Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, униць-вэ! Official language None. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

During the War of Transnistria (1992), because of the city's key strategic location on the right bank of Dniester river, 10 km from left-bank Tiraspol, it was the biggest of the three battlefields of that war. Combatants Transnistria Russian volunteers Ukrainian volunteers Moldova Casualties 823 Transnistrian fatalities;[1] unknown number of volunteer casualties ~1,000 total casualties Official figures: 172 combatants, ~400 civilians The War of Transnistria involved armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between the Transnistrian separatists and the Moldovan police as... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Dniester (Polish Dniestr, Ukrainian Дністер (Dnister), Romanian Nistru, Russian Днестр (Dnestr), Yiddish‫נעסטער ‬ (nester), Serbian (Dnjester) and during antiquity was called Tyras in Latin) is a river in Eastern Europe. ... County Transnistria Status Municipality/Capital Mayor Viktor Kostyrko, since 2003 Area 85 km² Population (2005) 159 163 Geographical coordinates 46°51′ N 29°38′ E Web site http://www. ...

Since 1992, Tighina is formally in the demilitarized zone established at the end of the conflict, but is de facto controlled by Transnistria. Moldovan autorities control the village of Varniţa, which fringes the city to the north. 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Joint Control Commission (JCC), (Russian initials: OKK) is a tri-lateral peacekeeping force and joint military command structure which operates in a buffer zone on the border between the Republic of Moldova and the disputed territory of Transnistria. ... VarniÅ£a may refer to several villages in Romania: VarniÅ£a, a village in ÅžiÅŸtarovăţ Commune, Arad County VarniÅ£a, a village in Åžirna Commune, Prahova County VarniÅ£a, a village in Răcoasa Commune, Vrancea County and a village in Moldova: VarniÅ£a, a village in Raionul Anenii...

Famous natives

Famous people born in the city include:

• Two Ottoman Grand Viziers known as Benderli Pasha
• Lev Simonovich Berg, Jewish Soviet zoologist and geographer
• Tamara Buciuceanu, Romanian actress
• Mikhail Grigoryevich Chernyayev, Russian general
• Emil Constantinescu, former Romanian President
• Iuliu Filippovitch Edlis, dramatist, writer
• Evgenii Konstantinovitch Fiodorov, Russian geophysicist
• Jerzy Neyman, Polish statistician
• Anna Pavlovna Tanskaia, singer

Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... A Vizier (وزير, sometimes also spelled Wazir) is an Arabic term for a high-ranking religious and political advisor, often to a king or sultan. ... Benderli PaÅŸa (Benderli Pasha) was the name of two Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire who were in office between 1821 and 1828. ... Lev Semënovich Berg (Russian: , 1876, Bessarabia - December 24, 1950) was a Soviet geographer, biologist. ... Mikhail Grigorievich Chernyayev (1828-1898) was a Russian general, who, together with Konstantin Kaufman and Mikhail Skobelev, led the Russian conquest of Central Asia under Alexander II. In 1864 Chernyayev was sent to capture Chimkent but he proceeded further and took Alma-Ata and Tashkent as well. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Jerzy Neyman (April 16, 1894, in Bendery, Moldova – August 5, 1981, in Oakland, California) was a Polish mathematician. ...

External links

• City portal
• Map of the city
• Bender travel information

Coordinates: 46°50′N 29°29′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Subdivisions of Moldova

Raions: Anenii Noi | Basarabeasca | Briceni | Cahul | Cantemir | Călăraşi | Căuşeni | Cimişlia | Criuleni | Donduşeni | Drochia | Dubăsari | Edineţ | Faleşti | Floreşti | Glodeni | Hînceşti | Ialoveni | Leova | Nisporeni | Ocniţa | Orhei | Rezina | Rîşcani | Sîngerei | Soroca | Străşeni | Şoldăneşti | Ştefan Vodă | Taraclia | Teleneşti | Ungheni Municipalities: Chişinău | Bălţi | Bender | Comrat | Tiraspol Autonomous regions: Găgăuzia | Stînga Nistrului (disputed)