General Tikka Khan

Tenure Order:	7th Chief of the Army Staff
Took Office:	March 1972 – March 1976
Predecessor:	Gen. Gul Hasan
Successor:	Gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

Tikka Khan (Urdu: ٹکا خان) (b. 1915 d. March 28, 2002) was Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff from March 1972–March 1976). Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1548x1464, 485 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Categories: People stubs | Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan | Pakistani people ... General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: محمد ضیاءالحق) (August 12, 1924–August 17, 1988) ruled Pakistan from 1977 to 1988. ... (اردو) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to Indo-European family of languages. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (88th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...

General Tikka Khan was born in the village of Jochha Mamdot (Tehsil Kahuta) near Rawalpindi in 1915 (in what was then British India). He was a graduate of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun, and was commissioned in 1939. He fought in World War II as part of the Indian Army, and was injured on multiple occasions during the fighting. He was in action in numerous battles on both the Burmese and Italian fronts. He was also a prisoner of war for more than two years during the war, before he and his fellow troops escaped from their captors. Rawalpindi (Urdu: راولپنڈی) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Islamabad, the current capital of Pakistan, in the province of Punjab. ... Dehradun  , previously called Dehra Doon, (Hindi: देहरादून) is the capital city of the state Uttaranchal (now renamed Uttarakhand)in India, and the headquarters of Dehradun District. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States France Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Charles de Gaulle Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hirohito Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ...

After his return from World War II, he was an instructor at the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun for some time. During the Partition of India, Major Tikka Khan remained in what is now Pakistan, and became an officer in the Pakistan Army. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States France Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Charles de Gaulle Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hirohito Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Britains holdings on the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in 1947 and 1948, becoming four new independent states: India, Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Pakistan (including East Pakistan, modern-day Bangladesh). ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ...

He was promoted to the rank of Major General in 1962. A General is an officer of high military rank. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ...

1965 War

One of General Tikka's greatest successes on the battlefield came in the spring of 1965, during the series of clashes between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch. By most accounts, the Pakistani forces performed very well on the battlefield; this led to a very high level of confidence among Pakistani Army commanders. 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Rann of Kutch on the Top Left. ...

General Tikka Khan was at the Sialkot front during the 1965 India-Pakistan war, and successfully defended the city from an Indian attack, during the epic Battle of Chawinda, halting and then pushing back the Indians. Due to these performances, General Tikka became something of a hero to the Pakistani people, having the image of being an extremely tough commander and a loyal soldier who strictly followed the army chain of command. Sialkot (Urdu/Punjabi: سیالکوٹ ) is a city in the northern province of Punjab in Pakistan, located 130 kilometer north-west of Lahore; at the feet of the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir and near the Chenab river. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Gen J N Chaudhuri, Lt Gen Harbakhsh Singh Field Marshal Ayub Khan, Gen Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800[2] - 6,917 killed[3] (17 day period alone) 4,000 - 7,000 killed/ captured[4... The Battle of Chawinda was a tank battle, fought as part of the Sialkot Campaign in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. ...

Between the wars

General Tikka was the corps commander of Lahore during the late 1960s, during which time he earned a reputation of being a tough administrator and strict disciplinarian. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General in 1969. Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

71' Crisis

In early 1971, East Pakistan was in severe turmoil. The long years of severe martial law had alienated the East Pakistanis, and the delay in handing over power to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who had won the 1970 Pakistani elections, led to an explosion of pent-up rage against the West Pakistanis. In the wake of the resignations of two East Pakistan governors, Lt.General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan and Admiral Ahsan, General Tikka Khan was sent to East Pakistan as the Governor and Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA) by the President, General Yahya Khan. 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a military authority takes control of the normal administration of justice. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangla: শেখ মুজিবর রহমান Shekh Mujibur Rôhman) (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... West Pakistan, sometimes refered to as Old Pakistan, was the popular and sometimes official name of the western wing of UP until 1971, when the eastern wing (East Pakistan) became independent as Bangladesh; Pakistan with its current borders was previously refered to as New Pakistan between the period of (1972... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Sahabzada Yaqub Ali Khan Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (born 1920) was the International Face of Pakistan for many years. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ...

As General Tikka landed in Dacca on 7 March 1971, he was ordered to keep the Army in the barracks as negotiations between Yahya Khan and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman proceeded. With the failure of negotiations, General Yahya Khan ordered General Tikka to commence a crackdown on the Awami League. On 25 March, Operation Searchlight commenced and Sheikh Mujeeb was arrested. While addressing Pakistani soldiers involved in the operation, Tikka Khan explicitly directed soldiers to secure the land at the cost of human life. Then began a systematic elimination of Bengali elements leading to an armed struggle of Mukti Bahini against the Pakistan Army. With continued fighting, human right abuses and mounting pressure on Yahya Khan to seek a political solution to the conflict, General Tikka Khan was finally called back to the West Pakistan in early September 1971. Sadarghat, one of the main ports of Dhaka Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bangla: ঢাকা), population 9,000,022 (2001), is the capital of Bangladesh. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangla: শেখ মুজিবর রহমান Shekh Mujibur Rôhman) (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ Bāŋlādeś Āowāmī Līg) or the Bangadesh Peoples League is the main opposition party in Bangladesh. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... Operation Searchlight was a planned genocide carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in erstwhile East Pakistan in 1971. ... Liberation War commemoration poster Mukti Bahini (Bangla: মুক্তি বাহিনী) (Liberation Army), was a guerrilla force which fought against the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... West Pakistan, sometimes refered to as Old Pakistan, was the popular and sometimes official name of the western wing of UP until 1971, when the eastern wing (East Pakistan) became independent as Bangladesh; Pakistan with its current borders was previously refered to as New Pakistan between the period of (1972...

Army Chief

After the war, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the Prime Minister. After a brief tenure by General Gul Hasan at the helm of the Pakistan Army, Bhutto appointed General Tikka Khan as the Chief of the Army Staff in March 1972. One of Tikka Khan's earliest responsibilities was to oversee Pakistan's nascent nuclear program, which Bhutto had initiated in early 1972. The goal of the nuclear program was to enhance Pakistan's security, and the program's pace was accelerated after India's 1974 nuclear test. Another major task undertaken by Tikka Khan was the repatriation and re-settlement of 90,000 Prisoners of War from India, which included thousands of civilians as well. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... Categories: People stubs | Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan | Pakistani people ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Post Retirement

Tikka Khan’s tenure ended in March 1976, and he was later appointed Defence Minister by Bhutto. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's July 1977 coup led to the arrest of both Bhutto and General Tikka Khan. Bhutto was executed in 1979, after which General Tikka Khan emerged as one of the leaders of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP), becoming its Secretary General, during a time when many party stalwarts abandoned it. General Tikka was imprisoned numerous times for his political activities during the late 1970s and 1980s, until Zia-ul-Haq died in August 1988 in an airplane explosion over Bahawalpur. General Tikka Khan was appointed the Governor of Pakistan’s largest province, the Punjab, in December 1988. His tenure as the Governor was cut short by the dismissal of the Benazir government in August 1990, after which he retired from active politics. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Department of Defence redirects here. ... General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: محمد ضیاءالحق) (August 12, 1924–August 17, 1988) ruled Pakistan from 1977 to 1988. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). ... The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) is a mainstream political party in Pakistan. ... Gen. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bahawalpur (also Bhawalpur, Bhawulpore) (Urdu: بہاولپور ) is a city of (1998 pop. ... A governor or governour (archaic) is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the Head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered... The Punjab or Panjab   (Punjabi/Urdu: پنجاب) province of Pakistan is the countrys most populous region and is home to the Punjabis and various other groups. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the year. ...

Later Life and Death

General Tikka Khan died on March 28, 2002 after several years of illness. In a message to the General's son, Col. Khalid M. Khan, Benazir Bhutto, who had spent many years campaigning with the General, remembered him as a person who, "rose to the highest offices of this country due to his hard work and respect for the rule of law." He was buried with full military honours in the Army Graveyard in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (88th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Rawalpindi (Urdu: راولپنڈی) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Islamabad, the current capital of Pakistan, in the province of Punjab. ...

Legacy

As a politician, Tikka Khan will be remembered for his intense loyalty to the Bhutto political clan, whatever the political climate in the country, first to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and then later to Benazir Bhutto. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

See also

• Janjua
• General Tikka Khan and East Pakistan by Taimur M. Khan
• Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
• Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
• Rahimuddin Khan
• Benazir Bhutto
• Sarmila Bose
• The Blood telegram

The young Janjua Raja Amir Khan in action The Janjua Rajput (Urdu: جنجوعہ, Hindi: जन्जुआ)(also spelt Janjuha, Janjuah) are one of the most dominant royal warrior clans of Punjab. ... General Tikka Khans tenure as the governor of East Pakistan has been the subject of much debate. ... General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: محمد ضیاءالحق) (August 12, 1924–August 17, 1988) ruled Pakistan from 1977 to 1988. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (January 5, 1928 - April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as President, from 1971 to 1973, and as Prime Minister, from 1973 to 1977, of Pakistan. ... General Rahimuddin Khan (Urdu: رحیم الدین خان) (born 21 July 1926) was the Martial Law Administrator and Governor of Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, for an unprecedented seven years (1978-1984), while simultaneously holding the military post of Armoured Corps Commander. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sarmila Bose is a Harvard-educated Indian academic related to the Indian rebel Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. ... Archer Kent Blood (1923-2004) was an American diplomat in Bangladesh. ...

Further reading

Zaheer, Hasan: The separation of East Pakistan : The rise and realization of Bengali Muslim nationalism, Oxford University Press, 1994. Sisson, Richard & Rose, Leo: War and secession : Pakistan, India, and the creation of Bangladesh, University of California Press (Berkeley), 1990.

Matinuddin, General Kamal: Tragedy of Errors : East Pakistan Crisis, 1968-1971, Wajidalis, Lahore, Pakistan, 1994.

Salik, Siddiq: Witness to surrender, Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan, 1977.

References

External links

• Tikka Khan Passes Away---DAWN
• Article rebutting General A.A.K. Niazi's accusations against General Tikka Khan, by Nasir M. Khan, Pakistan Link, March 30, 2001
• A Pakistani Newspaper article summarizing the June 28-29, 2005 South Asia Conference at the State Department

• Article mentioning General Tikka Khan's tenure as Chief of Army Staff (1972-1976), A.R. Siddiqui, Dawn, 14th September, 2003.
• Hamood-ur-Rehman Commission Report, The Report of the Commission of Inquiry - 1971 War as Declassified by The Government of Pakistan, Volume-I: Supplementary Report - Top secret, PART III - MILITARY ASPECT, CHAPTER VI.
• Hamood-ur-Rehman Commission Report, The Report of the Commission of Inquiry - 1971 War as Declassified by The Government of Pakistan, Volume-I: Supplementary Report - Top secret, PART IV - SURRENDER IN EAST PAKISTAN, CHAPTER II - Alleged atrocities by the Pakistan Army.
• Hamood-ur-Rehman Commission Report, The Report of the Commission of Inquiry - 1971 War as Declassified by The Government of Pakistan, PART IV - MILITARY ASPECT, Chapter III, The formulation of defence plans.
• Hamood-ur-Rehman Commission Report, The Report of the Commission of Inquiry - 1971 War as Declassified by The Government of Pakistan, Volume-I: Supplementary Report - Top secret, PART IV - SURRENDER IN EAST PAKISTAN, CHAPTER I - The moral aspect.
• Hamood-ur-Rehman Commission Report, The Report of the Commission of Inquiry - 1971 War as Declassified by The Government of Pakistan, PART V: MISCELLANEOUS, CHAPTER VI: Summary and recommendations.
• Amin Fahim pays rich tributes to General Tikka Khan, Dawn, 5th April, 2002.
• Ayaz Amir Corner, A talent for flogging dead horses, Dawn, December 6th, 2002.
• General Yahya Khan agreed to withdraw forces, India did not, by Khalid Hasan, Daily Times, July 3rd, 2005.
• Daily Times Editorial: New impartial evidence debunks rape allegations against Pakistan Army, Daily Times, July 2nd, 2005.
• Pakistan Army not involved in 1971 Rapes, by Khalid Hasan, Daily Times, June 30th, 2005.
• Bring Benazir Back, by Bashir Riaz, July 24, 2001, Pakistan People's Party (PPP) website.
• Benazir Bhutto's interview to Rediff.com praising General Tikka Khan's "austere" lifestyle, September 4th, 2003.