702: Ashaths rebellion in Iraq, battle of Deir ul Jamira. ... 902: Death of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutadid; al-Muktafi becomes Caliph. ... 1001: Mahmud of Ghaznavid defeats the Hindu Shahis. ... 1101: Death of the Fatimid Caliph al-Mustali, accession of al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah. ...

13th Century (1201-1300) (597 AH – 700 AH)

• 1202: Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud of Ghurid.
• 1204: Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by the Ghuzz Turks.
• 1206: Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore.
• 1210: Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan Mahmud, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of Aram Shah in India.
• 1211: End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah overthrown by Iltutmish.
• 1212: Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in Spain, end of the Almohad rule in Spain. The Almohads suffer defeat by the Christians in Spain at the Las Navas de Tolosa. The Almohad Sultan Muhammad an-Nasir escapes to Morocco.
• 1213 Almohad Sultan Muhammad an-Nasir's death. Accession of his son Yusuf II, Almohad Caliph.
• 1216: The Marinids under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The Almohad suffer defeat by the Marinids at the Battle of Nakur.
• 1217: The Marinids suffer defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed and the Marinids evacuate Morocco.
• 1218: Death of the Ayyubid ruler Al-Adil I, accession of Al-Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under their leader Othman and occupy Fez.
• 1220: Death of the Khwarezmid Shah Muhammad II of Khwarezm, accession of Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu.
• 1222: Death of the Zengid ruler Nasir ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu.
• 1223: Death of the Almohad ruler Yusuf II, Almohad Caliph, accession of Abdul-Wahid I, Almohad Caliph. In Spain a brother of Yusuf II, Almohad Caliph declares his independence and assumes the title of Al Adil (Abdallah, Almohad Caliph). In Spain Abu Muhammad of Spain overthrows Al Adil. Al Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul-Wahid I, Almohad Caliph.
• 1224: Death of the Almohad ruler Abd al-Wahid I, accession of Abdallah, Almohad Caliph.
• 1225: Death of the Abbasid Caliph An-Nasir, accession of Az-Zahir.
• 1227: Assassination of the Almohad ruler Abdullah Adil, accession of his son, Yahya.
• 1229: Death of the Almohad ruler Yahya, accession of Idris I. The Ayyubid Al-Kamil restores Jerusalem to the Christians. Abu Muhammad of Spain dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun of Spain. Al Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeated and power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn Tumarat.
• 1230: End of the Khwarezmid Empire.
• 1232: Death of the Almohad ruler Idris I, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun of Spain; accession of his son Ar-Rashid of Spain.
• 1234: Death of the Ayyubid ruler Al-Kamil, accession of Al-Adil II.
• 1236: Death of Delhi Sultan Altamash. Accession of Rukn ud din Firuz.
• 1237: Accession of Razia Sultan as Delhi Sultan.
• 1240: Death of Ar-Rashid of Spain; accession of his son Abu Said of Spain.
• 1241: Death of Razia Sultan, accession of Muiz ud din Bahram.
• 1242: Death of Muiz ud din Bahram, accession of Ala ud din Masud as Delhi Sultan. Death of the Almohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Ali, Almohad Caliph. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustansir, accession of Al-Musta'sim.
• 1244: The Almohad defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.
• 1245: The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem.
• 1246: Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud din Masud, accession of Nasir ud din Mahmud.
• 1248: Death of the Almohad ruler Ali, Almohad Caliph, accession of Umar, Almohad Caliph. Abu Said (??) attacks Tlemsen (??), but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.
• 1250: The Marinids return to Morocco, and occupy a greatar part thereof.
• 1258: Battle of Baghdad (1258) - The Mongols sack Baghdad. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Musta'sim. End of the Abbasid rule. The Mongols under Hulagu Khan establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah (???). Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraws his contingent from Baghdad.
• 1259: Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of Al Mustansir.
• 1260: Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baibars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.
• 1262: Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardiyya Sufi order in the IndoPakistan sub-continent.
• 1265: Death of Hulagu Khan. Death of Fariduddin Ganjshakar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.
• 1266: Death of Berke Khan, the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade: the crusaders invade Tunisia; failure of the crusade.
• 1267: Malik ul Salih establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Umar, Almohad Caliph seeks the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Umar, Almohad Caliph; accession of Idris II, Almohad Caliph.
• 1269: Idris II, Almohad Caliph is overthrown by the Marinids, End of the Almohad. The Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.
• 1270: Death of Mansa Wali the founder of the Muslim rule in Mali.
• 1272: Death of Muhammad I of Granada the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse at the battle
• 1273: Death of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi.
• 1274: Death of Nasir al-Din Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward I of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.
• 1277: Death of Baibars.
• 1280: Battle of Hims.
• 1283: Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Othman.
• 1285: Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie.
• 1286: Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.
• 1290: End of the slave dynasty in India Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of conquest and, by 1290, most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids.
• 1291: Death of Iranian poet Saadi.
• 1296: Mongol ruler Ghazan Khan converted to Islam.
• 1299: Mongols invade Syria. The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids

The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called Hijri calendar, Arabic التقويم الهجري) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called Hijri calendar, Arabic التقويم الهجري) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days. ... For all the Turkic groups & Turkic history, see Turkic peoples The Oghuz Turks, or Oguz Turks (Okuz, Oufoi, Guozz, Ghuzz) are regarded as one of the major branches of the Turks in history. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, sometimes known as the Gardens of the Mughals, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... Qutb-ud-din Aybak was a ruler of Medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty). ... Aram Shah (1210-1211) was an islamic ruler of medieval India during the Slave Dynasty (or Mameluk dynasty) and the second Sultan of Delhi. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim Iranian state in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... Aram Shah (1210-1211) was an islamic ruler of medieval India during the Slave Dynasty (or Mameluk dynasty) and the second Sultan of Delhi. ... Shams ud din Iltutmish, or Altamash, was the third Sultan of Delhi, and the only other significant ruler, besides the founder Qutb ud din Aibak, of the Slave Dynasty. ... The July 16, 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa is considered a major turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, referred to as Christ. ... The July 16, 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa is considered a major turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia. ... Muhammad an-Nâsir (الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور an-nāṣir li-dīn allah muḥammad ben al-manṣūr... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Muhammad an-Nâsir (الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور an-nāṣir li-dīn allah muḥammad ben al-manṣūr... Yusuf II (also Yusuf al-Mustansir, 1197 - 1224) was Caliph of Morocco from 1213 until his death. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Abu-Bakr Malik Al-Adil I (also known as Saphadin) (1145-1218) was an Ayyubid-Egyptian general and ruler. ... Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right) al-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik (الكامل محمّد الملك ) (died 1238) was an Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, praised for defeating two crusades but also vilified for returning Jerusalem to the Christians. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... This article is about the city Fez in Morocco. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim Iranian state in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Jelal ad-Din Mingburnu (also جلال الدين منكبرتي Jalāl al-DÄ«n MenguberdÄ« or Mankburny) was the last ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire. ... The Zengid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Seljuk Turkish origin, which ruled parts of Northern Iraq and Syria during the 12th and 13th centuries. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Yusuf II (also Yusuf al-Mustansir, 1197 - 1224) was Caliph of Morocco from 1213 until his death. ... Abdul-Wahid I was Caliph of Morocco for less than a year in 1224. ... Yusuf II (also Yusuf al-Mustansir, 1197 - 1224) was Caliph of Morocco from 1213 until his death. ... Abdallah was selected as Caliph of Morocco following the 1223 strangulation of the previous Almohad caliph, Abdul-Wahid I. Abdallahs vizier was Abû Zayd Abî Muhammad ben Abî Hafs, who had previously served his father, Muhammad an-Nasir, and his brother,Yusuf II, as governor of Ifriqiya. ... Abdul-Wahid I was Caliph of Morocco for less than a year in 1224. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Abdallah was selected as Caliph of Morocco following the 1223 strangulation of the previous Almohad caliph, Abdul-Wahid I. Abdallahs vizier was Abû Zayd Abî Muhammad ben Abî Hafs, who had previously served his father, Muhammad an-Nasir, and his brother,Yusuf II, as governor of Ifriqiya. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... Caliph is the title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... An-Nasir (d. ... Az-Zahir was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1225 to 1226. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Abdallah was selected as Caliph of Morocco following the 1223 strangulation of the previous Almohad caliph, Abdul-Wahid I. Abdallahs vizier was Abû Zayd Abî Muhammad ben Abî Hafs, who had previously served his father, Muhammad an-Nasir, and his brother,Yusuf II, as governor of Ifriqiya. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right) al-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik (الكامل محمّد الملك ) (died 1238) was an Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, praised for defeating two crusades but also vilified for returning Jerusalem to the Christians. ... Jerusalem (Hebrew:  , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic:  , al-Quds (the Holy); official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-al-Quds (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names) is the capital and largest city[1] of the State of Israel with a population of 724,000 (as of May 24, 2006[2... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim Iranian state in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right) al-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik (الكامل محمّد الملك ) (died 1238) was an Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, praised for defeating two crusades but also vilified for returning Jerusalem to the Christians. ... Shams ud din Iltutmish, or Altamash, was the third Sultan of Delhi, and the only other significant ruler, besides the founder Qutb ud din Aibak, of the Slave Dynasty. ... Rukn ud din Firuz This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Given name Razia al-Din, (Urdu: رضیہ الدین) throne name Jalâlat ud-Dîn Raziyâ (Urdu:جلالت رضیہ الدین). She is usually referred to in history as Razia Sultan or Razia Sultana (Urdu: رضیہ سلطانہ ), and is primarily known for being the only woman monarch to have ruled Delhi. ... Given name Razia al-Din, (Urdu: رضیہ الدین) throne name Jalâlat ud-Dîn Raziyâ (Urdu:جلالت رضیہ الدین). She is usually referred to in history as Razia Sultan or Razia Sultana (Urdu: رضیہ سلطانہ ), and is primarily known for being the only woman monarch to have ruled Delhi. ... Muiz ud din Bahram (1236) was an Islamic ruler and the sixth Sultan of Delhi of medieval India during the Slave Dynasty (or Mameluk dynasty). ... Muiz ud din Bahram (1236) was an Islamic ruler and the sixth Sultan of Delhi of medieval India during the Slave Dynasty (or Mameluk dynasty). ... Ala ud din Masud (1242-1246) was an Islamic ruler and the seventh Sultan of Delhi of medieval India during the Slave Dynasty (or Mameluk dynasty). ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... Al-Mustansir was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1226 to 1242. ... Al-Mustasim (d. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... Jerusalem (Hebrew:  , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic:  , al-Quds (the Holy); official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-al-Quds (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names) is the capital and largest city[1] of the State of Israel with a population of 724,000 (as of May 24, 2006[2... Ala ud din Masud (1242-1246) was an Islamic ruler and the seventh Sultan of Delhi of medieval India during the Slave Dynasty (or Mameluk dynasty). ... Nasir ud din Mahmud (1246-1266) was an Islamic ruler and the eighth Sultan of Delhi of medieval India during the Slave Dynasty (or Mameluk dynasty). ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Tlemcen (Arabic: تلمسان), sometimes spelled Tlemsen, is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the seat of government for the wilaya of the same name. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... Combatants Mongols Abbasid Caliphate Commanders Hulagu Khan Guo Kan Caliph Al-Mustasim Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown, but believed minimal Military, 50,000(est. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Baghdad ( translit: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... Al-Mustasim (d. ... Hulagu Khan (also known as Hülegü, and Hulegu) (1217 – 8 February 1265) was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia. ... The Golden Horde (Turkish: Altın Ordu, Russian: Золотая Орда) was a Tatar-Mongol state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the break up of the Mongol Empire in the 1240s. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya (1229-1574) Significant Rulers: Abu Zakariyya Yahya I. (1229-1249) Muhammad I. al-Mustansir (1249-1277) Yahya II. al-Watiq (1277-1279) Ibrahim I. (1279-1283) Ibn Abi Umara (1283-1284) Abu Hafs Umar I. (1284-1295) Abu Bakr II. (1318-1346) Ishaq II. (1350-1369... Caliph is the title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... The Battle of Ain Jalut (or Ayn Jalut, the Spring of Goliath) took place on September 3, 1260 between the Mameluks and the Mongols in Palestine. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for... al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari (also spelled Baybars) (Arabic: ) was a Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria. ... Multan (Urdu: ملتان Sanskrit: Mulasthan मूलस्थान) is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, and capital of Multan District. ... Suhrawardiyya is the name of a Sufi order founded by Shihabuddin Yahya as-Suhrawardi. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Hulagu Khan (also known as Hülegü, and Hulegu) (1217 – 8 February 1265) was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia. ... Fariduddin Ganjshakar (Farid-ul-Din Masaud Shakar Ganj) c. ... The Chishti Order (tarika) was founded by Khwaja Abu Ishaq Shami (the Syrian) (d. ... Berke was the ruler of the Golden Horde from 1257 to 1266, in the aftermath of the reign of his brother Batu Khan. ... The Golden Horde (Turkish: Altın Ordu, Russian: Золотая Орда) was a Tatar-Mongol state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the break up of the Mongol Empire in the 1240s. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX of France, (who was by now in his mid-fifties) in 1270. ... Malik ul Salih established the first Muslim state of Samudera Pasai in the year 1267. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Granada (Arabic: غرناطة) is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. ... Mawlana Rumi Mawlānā Jalāl ad-DÄ«n Muhammad RÅ«mÄ«[1] (Arabic:مولانا جلال الدين محمد رومي) ‎ (1207 – 1273 CE), also known as Muhammad BalkhÄ« (Persian: محمد بلخى) or Celâladin Mehmet Rumi (Turkish), was a Persian poet, jurist, theologian and teacher of Sufism. ... Nasir Tusi Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) was a Persian scientist, of Shia Islamic belief, born in Tus, Khorasan, Iran. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... Sijilmasa (or Sijilmassa) was a mediaeval trade centre in the western Maghreb. ... // Summary The Ninth Crusade which is sometimes grouped with the Eighth Crusade, is commonly considered to be the last of the medieval Crusades to defend Christianity from the Muslims in the Holy Land. ... Edward I (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch (1. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq... al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari (also spelled Baybars) (Arabic: ) was a Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria. ... Jalal-ud-din Firuz Khilji (d. ... Tomb of Sadi, Shiraz, Iran. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Ghazan Khan was ruler of the Ilkhanate from 1295 to 1305. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Berber Marinids (Banu Marin) conquered Morocco from the Almohads in 1269. ... Tlemcen (Arabic: تلمسان), sometimes spelled Tlemsen, is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the seat of government for the wilaya of the same name. ...

See also

Timeline of Muslim history