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This article is part of the History of Indonesia series
Pre-colonial Indonesia (before 1602)
Srivijaya (3rd century–14th century)
Sailendra (8th Century – 832)
Kingdom of Mataram (752–1045)
Kediri (1045–1221)
The spread of Islam (1200–1600)
Singhasari (1222–1292)
Majapahit Empire (1293–1500)
Malacca Sultanate (1400–1511)
Aceh Sultanate
Sultanate of Demak (1475–1518)
Mataram Sultanate (1500s to 1700s)
Dutch East Indies (1602–1945)
Anglo-Dutch Java War (1810–1811)
Padri War (1821–1837)
Java War (1825–1830)
Aceh War (1873–1904)
National Revival (1899–1942)
World War II battles (1941–1942)
Japanese Occupation (1942–1945)
Independence (1945–1965)
Declaration of Independence (1945)
National Revolution (1945–1950)
Asian-African Conference (1955)
Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation (1962–1965)
New Order (1965–1998)
Overthrow of Sukarno (1965–1966)
Act of Free Choice (1969)
Reformasi (1998–present)
Revolution of 1998 (1996–1998)
2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake (2004–present)
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Main article: History of Indonesia

This is a timeline of Indonesian history. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited) stretching along the equator in South East Asia. ... Image File history File links Historyofindonesia. ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... At a point in time when Sri Vijaya had been the established leader in the Southeast Asian region for about 100 years, the Sailendra Kingdom of Java emerged. ... This acticle concerns the Hindu Kingdom of Mataram. ... Kediri was a Hindu kingdom based in East Java from 1045 to 1221. ... Islam is thought to have first been adopted by Indonesians sometime during the eleventh century, although Muslims had visited Indonesia early in the Muslim era. ... Singhasari was a kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292. ... The Majapahit Empire was an Indianized kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Aceh was a sultanate in the region of what is today Aceh Province of Indonesia. ... The Sultanate of Demak was founded in the 16th century by Raden Patah (1475-1518), once a vassal of the declining Majapahit Empire. ... This article is about a historic kingdom on Java in what is now Indonesia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Anglo-Dutch Java War in 1810-1811 was a war between Great Britain and Netherlands fought entirely on the Island of Java in colonial Indonesia. ... The Padri War also called Minangkabau War is the name given to the skirmishes fought by Dutch troops from 1821 to 1837 in West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... The Java War was fought in Java between 1825 and 1830. ... The Aceh War (also Achinese War) took place from 1873-1904 between the Netherlands and the people of Aceh in Sumatra as the Dutch attempted to colonize this independent state on the northern-most tip of Sumatra. ... The period of the Dutch Ethical Policy and Indonesian National Revival was a period in Indonesian history spanning from 1899 until the Japanese Invasion and Occupation in 1942. ... The Netherlands East Indies campaign was the shortlived defence of the Netherlands East Indies by Allied forces, against invasion by the Empire of Japan in 1941-42. ... The Japanese occupation of Indonesia refers to the period between 1942 and 1945, during World War II, when the Empire of Japan ruled Indonesia. ... The independece declaration announced by Sukarno The Indonesian Declaration of Independence was officially proclaimed at 10. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The Asian-African Conference was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, organized by Egypt, Indonesia, Burma, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India, and Pakistan. ... The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was an intermittent war over the future of the island of Borneo, between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia in 1962–1966. ... The New Order (Indonesian: Orde Baru) is the term coined by former Indonesian President Suharto to characterize his regime as he came to power in 1966. ... The overthrow of Sukarno and the violence that followed it was a conflict in Indonesia from 1965 to 1966 between forces loyal to then-President Sukarno and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and forces loyal to a right-wing military faction led by General Abdul Haris Nasution and Maj. ... Act of Free Choice (Indonesian: Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat [PEPERA]) was the title of a 1969 referendum in the former Dutch territory of Western New Guinea, to determine whether the territory would become part of Indonesia or maintain independence. ... The Reformation (in bahasa Indonesia Reformasi) is the name commonly used for the present era in the history of Indonesia. ... The Indonesian 1998 Revolution is the term given to a series of protests and political manoeuverings that brought about the end of the rule of the three-decade long New Order government of the autocratic President Suharto of Indonesia. ... Indonesia was seriously affected by the earthquake and tsunami created by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on 26 December 2004, swamping the northern and western coastal areas of Sumatra, and the smaller outlying islands off Sumatra. ... Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited) stretching along the equator in South East Asia. ...

Pre-history

• Pleistocene: The modern geological form of Indonesia appears, linked to Asian mainland.
• 2 million to 500,000 years ago: Indonesia is inhabited by Homo erectus, now popularly known as the 'Java Man'.^[1]
• 6,000 years ago: The modern peoples of Indonesia of Austronesian origins are thought to have immigrated from mainland South East Asia.
• 200 BC: Dvipantara or Jawa Dwipa Hindu kingdom is thought to have existed in Java and Sumatra.
• 700 AD: Wet-field rice cultivation, small towns and kingdoms flourish. Trade links are established with both China and India.
• 3rd century to 1400s: The Sumatra-based Srivijaya naval kingdom flourishes and declines.
• 8th century to 832: The agriculturally-based Buddhist Sailendra kingdom flourishes and declines.
• 752 to 1045: The Hindu Mataram dynasty flourishes and declines.

The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... Binomial name †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Synonyms † Pithecanthropus erectus † Sinanthropus pekinensis † Javanthropus soloensis † Meganthropus paleojavanicus Homo erectus (Latin: upright man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo. ... Java Man was one of the first specimens of Homo erectus to be discovered. ... The Austronesian languages are a family of languages widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... A Hindu ( , Devanagari: हिन्दु), as per modern definition, is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, and the religious, philosophical and cultural system that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... At a point in time when Sri Vijaya had been the established leader in the Southeast Asian region for about 100 years, the Sailendra Kingdom of Java emerged. ... This acticle concerns the Hindu Kingdom of Mataram. ...

1200s

• 1200s: Islam is first thought to establish itself in the Aceh region.
• 1293: The Hindu Majapahit kingdom is founded in eastern Java

For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Aceh (IPA pronunciation: , pronounced approximately Ah-Cèh, but with [e], not [ei] at the end) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ... The Majapahit Empire was based in eastern Java and ruled much of the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali from about 1293 to around 1500. ...

1300s

• 1309: King Jayanagara succeeds Kertajasa Jayawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.^[2]
• 1328: Kalagamet, styled Jayanagara succeeds Jayanagara as ruler of Majapahit.
• 1350: Hayam Wuruk, styled Sri Rajasanagara succeeds Jayanagara as ruler of Majapahit; his reign is considered the empire's 'Golden Age'.^[2]
• 1350: Under its military commander Gajah Mada, Majapahit stretches over much of modern day Indonesia penis.
• 1365: The Old Javanese text Nagarakertagama is written.^[2]
• 1377: Majapahit sends a punitive expedition against Palembang in Sumatra. Palembang's prince, Parameswara (later Iskandar Syah) flees, eventually finding his way to Malacca and establishing it as a major international port.^[2]
• 1389: Wikramawardhana succeeds Sri Rajasanagara as ruler of Majapahit.^[2]

The Majapahit Empire was based in eastern Java and ruled much of the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali from about 1293 to around 1500. ... Hayam Wuruk, also called (after 1350) Rajasanagara, (1334 -1389), was the ruler of the Javanese Hindu state of Majapahit at the time of its greatest power. ... Gajah Mada (?-1364) was Majapahits patih (prime minister) and army leader. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Nagarakretagama (Nāgaraká¹›tâgama), Kakawin Nagarakretagama (Epic poem Nagarakretagama), or Negarakertagama is most known old javanese epic poem, so this is the most researched Old Javanese epic poem. ... Location of Palembang Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... People by name Parameshwara: The fourteenth century Indian mathematician. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh State anthem: Melaka Maju Jaya Capital Malacca Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Mohd Khalil Yaakob  - Ketua Menteri Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam History    - Malacca Sultanate 13th century   - Portuguese control 24 August 1511   - Dutch control 14 January 1641   - British control 17 March 1824   - Japanese occupation... Wikramawurdhana was the successor to Hayam Wuruk as the emperor of the Majapahit Pringle,Robert. ...

1400s

• 1400s: Islam becomes Indonesia's dominant religion.
• 1429: Queen Suhita succeeds Wikramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.^[2]
• 1447: Wijayaparakramawardhana, succeeds Suhita as ruler of Majapahit.^[2]
• 1451: Rajasawardhana, born Bhre Pamotan, styled Brawijaya II succeeds Wijayaparakramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.^[2]
• 1453: Reign of Rajasawardhana ends.^[2]
• 1456: Girindrawardhana, styled Brawijaya VI becomes ruler of Majapahit.^[2]
• 1466: Singhawikramawardhana, succeeds Girindrawardhana as penis of Majapahit.^[2]
• 1478: Reign of Singhawikramawardhana ends.^[2]

Suhita was a queen of the Majapahit Empire, ruling from 1429 to 1447. ... The Majapahit Empire was based in eastern Java and ruled much of the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali from about 1293 to around 1500. ...

1500s

• 1509: The Portuguese king sends Diogo Lopes de Sequeira to find Malacca, the eastern terminus of Asian trade. After initially receiving Sequeira, Sultan Mahmud Syah captures and/or kills several of his men and attempts an assault on the four Portuguese ships, which escape.^[3] The Javanese fleet is also destroyed in Malacca.
• 1511, August: Alfonso de Albuquerque after sailing from Portuguese Goa conquers the Sultanate of Malacca with a force of 1,200 and seventeen or eighteen ships.^[3]
• 1512: The first Portuguese exploratory expedition was sent eastward from Malacca to search for the 'Spice Islands' (Maluku) led by Francisco Serrão. Serrao is shipwrecked but struggles on to Hitu (northern Ambon) and wins the favour of the local rulers.^[4]
• 1520: In 1520 the Portuguese established a trading post in the village of Lamakera on the eastern side of Solor as a transit harbour between Maluku and Malacca.
• 1520: Sultan Ali Mughayat Shah of Aceh begins an expansionist campaign capturing Daya on the west Sumatran coast, and the pepper and gold producing lands on the east coast.
• 1521, November: Ferdinand Magellan's expedition reaches Maluku and after trade with Ternate returns to Europe with a load of cloves.
• 1522: The Portuguese ally themselves with the rulers of Ternate and begin construction of a fort.^[4]
• 1535: The Portuguese in Ternate depose King Tabariji (or Tabarija) and send him to Portuguese Goa where he converts to Christianity and bequeaths his Portuguese godfather Jordao de Freitas the island of Ambon.^[5]
• 1546 - 1547: Francis Xavier works among the peoples of Ambon, Ternate and Morotai (Moro) laying the foundations for a permanent mission.
• 1562: Portuguese Dominican priests build a palm-trunk fortress which Javanese Muslims burned down the following year. The fort was rebuilt from more durable materials and the Dominicans commenced the Christianisation of the local population.^[5]
• 1570: Sultan Hairun of Ternate is killed by the Portuguese.^[5]
• 1575: Following a five-year siege, the Ternateans expel the Portuguese who move to nearby Tidore.^[5]
• 1578: The Portuguese establish a fort on Tidore but the main centre for Portuguese activities in Maluku becomes Ambon.^[5]
• 1579: The British navigator Sir Francis Drake passes through Maluku on his circumnavigation of the world.

The Portuguese establish a fort on Tidore but the main centre for Portuguese activities in Maluku becomes Ambon.^[6] State motto: Bersatu Teguh State anthem: Melaka Maju Jaya Capital Malacca Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Mohd Khalil Yaakob  - Ketua Menteri Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam History    - Malacca Sultanate 13th century   - Portuguese control 24 August 1511   - Dutch control 14 January 1641   - British control 17 March 1824   - Japanese occupation... Sultan Mahmud Shah (Sultan 1488 - 1528) is the son of Paduka Sri Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. ... Javanese is a term used to describe a native of the Indonesian island of Java. ... Afonso de Albuquerque Afonso de Albuquerque, Afonso dAlbuquerque or Alfonso de Albuquerque (1453 _ December 16, 1515) was a noted Portuguese naval general whose activities helped establish the Portuguese colonial empire in India. ... , Goa   (Konkani: गोंय goṃya; Marathi: govā; Portuguese: ) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Spice Islands most commonly refers to the Maluku Islands (formerly the Moluccas), which lie on the equator, between Sulawesi (Celebes) and New Guinea in what is now Indonesia. ... This page is about the geography and history of the island group in Indonesia — for the political entities encompassing the islands, see Maluku (Indonesian province) and North Maluku. ... Francisco Serrão (Spanish: Francisco Serrano) (died 1521) was a Portuguese explorer, and a cousin or personal friend of Ferdinand Magellan. ... Ceram and Ambon Islands (Operational Navigation Chart, 1967) Not for navigational use Ambon City in 2001, showing heavy damage from fighting Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. ... A trading post is a place where trading of goods takes place. ... Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. ... This page is about the geography and history of the island group in Indonesia — for the political entities encompassing the islands, see Maluku (Indonesian province) and North Maluku. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh State anthem: Melaka Maju Jaya Capital Malacca Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Mohd Khalil Yaakob  - Ketua Menteri Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam History    - Malacca Sultanate 13th century   - Portuguese control 24 August 1511   - Dutch control 14 January 1641   - British control 17 March 1824   - Japanese occupation... Aceh (IPA pronunciation: , pronounced approximately Ah-Cèh, but with [e], not [ei] at the end) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ... Ferdinand Magellan, see Ferdinand Magellan Railcar. ... A 1720 depiction of Ternate. ... This article is about spices, the word clove is also used to describe a segment of a head of garlic and a clove hitch is a useful kind of knot. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Morotai Island (695 sq mi/1,800 km²) is an island located in the Halmahera group of eastern Indonesias Maluku Islands (Moluccas). ... Javanese is a term used to describe a native of the Indonesian island of Java. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... Tidore is an island and town in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia, just west of the larger island of Halmahera. ... Tidore is an island and town in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia, just west of the larger island of Halmahera. ... Sir Francis Drake, c. ... Tidore is an island and town in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia, just west of the larger island of Halmahera. ...

• 1595: First Dutch expedition to Indonesia sets sail for the East Indies with two hundred and forty-nine men and sixty-four cannons led by Cornelis de Houtman.^[7]
• 1596, June: de Houtman’s expedition reaches Banten the main pepper port of West Java where they clash with both the Portuguese and Indonesians. It then sails east along the north coast of Java losing twelve crew to a Javanese attack at Sidayu and killing a local ruler in Madura.^[7]
• 1597: de Houtman’s expedition returns to the Netherlands with enough spices to make a considerable profit.^[7]
• 1598-1599: The Portuguese require an armada of 90 ships to put down a Solorese uprising.^[8]
• 1598: More Dutch fleets leave for Indonesia and most are profitble.^[7]
• 1599, March: Leaving Europe the previous year, a fleet of twenty-two ships under Jacob van Neck of five different companies was the first Dutch fleet to reach the ‘Spice Islands’ of Maluku.^[7]
• 1599 - 1600: The van Neck expedition returns to Europe. Although eight ships are lost, the expedition makes a 400 per cent profit.^[7]

A portrait of de Houtman Cornelis de Houtman (April 2, 1565 - August 1599), brother of Frederick de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who discovered a new sea route from Europe to Indonesia and managed to begin the Dutch spice trade. ... Map showing Banten within Indonesia Banten is one of the provinces of Indonesia and located at the western end of the island of Java. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java, near the port of Surabaya. ...

1600s

• 1600: The Portuguese win a major naval battle in the bay of Ambon.^[9] Later in the year, the Dutch join forces with the local Hituese in an anti-Portuguese alliance, in return for which the Dutch would have the sole right to purchase spices from Hitu.^[9]
• 1600: Elizabeth I grants a charter to the British East India Company beginning the English advance in Asia.
• 1602: The Portuguese send a major (and last) expeditionary force from Malacca which succeeded in reimposing a degree of Portuguese control.
• 1602: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) is established by merging competing Dutch trading companies.^[9]

The Dutch and English enclaves at Amboyna (top) and Banda (bottom). 1655 engraving.

• 1602, June: British East India Company's first voyage, commanded by Sir James Lancaster, arrives in Aceh and sails on to Bantam where he is allowed to build trading post which becomes the centre of British trade in Indonesia until 1682.^[10]
• 1603: First permanent Dutch trading post is established in Banten, West Java.^[10]
• 1604: A second English East India Company voyage commanded by Sir Henry Middleton reaches Ternate, Tidore, Ambon and Banda. Fierce VOC hostility is encounter in Banda thus beginning Anglo-Dutch competition for access to spices^[10]
• 1605, February: The VOC in alliance with Hitu prepare to attack a Portuguese fort in Ambon but the Portuguese surrender.^[9]
• 1606: A Spanish fleet occupies Ternate and Tidore.^[9]
• 1610: The VOC establishes the post of Governor General to enable firmer control of their affairs in Asia.^[9]
• 1611-1617: The English establish trading posts at Sukadana (southwest Kalimantan), Makassar, Jayakarta and Jepara in Java, and Aceh, Pariaman and Jambi in (Sumatra) threatening Dutch ambitions for a monopoly on East Indies trade.^[10]
• 1611: The Dutch establish a post at Jayakarta (later 'Batavia' and then 'Jakarta').
• 1613: The Dutch expel the Portuguese from their Solor fort.
• 1619: Jan Pieterszoon Coen appointed Governor-General of the VOC who would show he had no scruples about using brute force to establish the VOC on a firm footing.

Dutch Batavia in the 17th Century, built in what is now North Jakarta

• 1619, 30 May: Coen, backed by a force of nineteen ships, storms the Jayakarta driving out the Banten forces, and from the ashes of Jayakarta, establishes Batavia as the VOC headquarters.
• 1620s: Almost the entire native population of Banda Islands was deported, driven away, starved to death or killed in an attempt to replace them with Dutch colonial slave labour.
• 1620: Diplomatic agreements in Europe commence a three-year period of cooperation between the Dutch and the English over the spice trade.^[10]
• 1623: In a notorious but disputed incident, known as the 'Amboyna massacre', ten English and ten Japanese traders are arrested, tried and beheaded for conspiracy against the Dutch Government.^[11] The English quietly withdraw from most of their Indonesian activities (except trading in Bantam) and focus on other Asian interests.
• 1636: The Portuguese are expelled again from their Solor fort by the Dutch following a reoccupation.
• 1667: As a result of the Treaty of Breda, the Netherlands and England exchange the islands of Run and Manhattan.

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603 ) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Sir James Lancaster (1554(?)–May 1618) was an English navigator, statesman, and pioneer of the British Indian trade and empire. ... Aceh (IPA pronunciation: , pronounced approximately Ah-Cèh, but with [e], not [ei] at the end) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ... The city of Bantam near the western end of Java was a strategically important site and formerly a major trading city, with a secure harbor on the Malacca Strait through which all ocean-going traffic passed, at the mouth of a river (Cibantam River) that provided a navigable passage for... Map showing Banten within Indonesia Banten is one of the provinces of Indonesia and located at the western end of the island of Java. ... Map showing West Java in Indonesia West Java (Jawa Barat) is a province of Indonesia, located on the island of Java. ... Kalimantan is the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. ... Makassar, (Macassar, Mangkasar) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. ... This page is about the capital city of Indonesia. ... Jepara is a small town in the province of Central Java, Indonesia. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Pariaman is a city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... For other uses, see Jambi (disambiguation). ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... This page is about the capital city of Indonesia. ... Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. ... Jan Pieterszoon Coen Jan Pieterszoon Coen (8 January 1587 – 21 September 1629) was an officer of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the early seventeenth century, holding two terms as its Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. ... Image File history File links Batavia333. ... Image File history File links Batavia333. ... North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara) is a kota (formerly kotamadya) of Jakarta, Indonesia. ... Look up Batavia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Banda Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Banda) are a group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about 140km south of Seram island and about 2000km east of Java, and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku. ... The Amboyna massacre occurred because of the intense rivalry between the East India Companies of England and Holland in the spice trade. ... The Treaty of Breda was signed at the Dutch city of Breda, July 31, 1667, by England, the United Provinces (the Netherlands), France, and Denmark. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total... Run (Island) Pulau Run is one of the smalest Islands of the Banda Islands being part of Indonesia. ... Manhattan is a borough of New York City, New York, USA, coterminous with New York County. ...

1700s

1800s

• 1800, 1 January: The bankrupt Dutch East India Company (VOC) is formally dissolved and the nationalised Dutch East Indies is established.
• 1870: Beginning of a 'Liberal Policy' of deregulated exploitation of the Netherlands East Indies.
• 1873: The beginning of the bloody Aceh War for Dutch occupation of the province.
• 1888: Founding of the shipping line Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (KPM) that supported the unification and development of the colonial economy.
• 1890: World depression
• 1894: Lombok War
• 1898: General van Heutz becomes chief of staff of Aceh campaign. Wilhelmina becomes queen of the Netherlands.

This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Aceh War (also Achinese War) took place from 1873-1904 between the Netherlands and the people of Aceh in Sumatra as the Dutch attempted to colonize this independent state on the northern-most tip of Sumatra. ... Wilhelmina is the name of: Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands The Wilhelmina modeling agency This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

1900s

• 1901: Ethical Policy is proclaimed.
• 1903: Aceh declared conquered.
• 1904: Van Heutz becomes Govenor General.
• 1907: Tirto Adhi Suryo founds civil servants' association Sarekat Priyayi.
• 1908: Budi Utomo is proclaimed as the first official nationalist movement. Last Balinese rulers wiped out in puputan ('suicidal battle to death').
• 1911: Tirto Adhi Suryo founds the Islamic Traders' League.
• 1912: Islamic League (Sarekat Islam) becomes the first mass-based nationalist party.
• 1914: World War I breaks out; the Netherlands is a neutral country in the war.
• 1917: East Indies trade with Europe cut off by the war. Russian Revolution
• 1918: Tirto Adhi Suryo dies.
• 1920: Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) is founded. Economic downturn.
• 1925: Birth of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. A sharp rise in world commodity prices brings prosperity to the Indies.
• 1929: Great Depression in America.
• 1930: Sukarno's famous nationalist speech, 'Indonesia Accuses', given as defence in his political trial.

The political character of colonial Indonesia changed greatly during the four decades of the 20th century from 1901 and ending with the Japanese Invasion and Occupation in 1942. ... student-organized priyayi ethno-political party opposing the colonial status quo in Indonesia, but advocating co-operation with the Dutch Government. ... Bali is an Indonesian island located at , the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. ... Sarekat Islam, formerly Sarekat Dagang Islam, is an Indonesian organization. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Communist Party of Indonesia (in Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia. ... Pramoedya Ananta Toer (February 6 1925 - April 30 2006) was an Indonesian author of novels, short stories, essays, polemics, and histories of his homeland and its people. ... The Great Depression started after October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday. ... Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ...

Japanese Occupation (1942 - 1945)

Main article: Japanese Occupation of Indonesia

Japanese advance through Indonesia, 1942

• 1942, February: Imperial Japan occupies Indonesia during World War II, over throwing the Dutch East Indies and install their own imperial structure.
• 1945, 28 May: First meeting of the Investigatory Commission for Indonesian Independence.
• 1945, 1 June: Sukarno's Pancasila speech
• 1945, 16 July: Draft of constitution for the Republic completed.
• 1945, 15 August: Japanese surrender to Allied powers.

The Japanese occupation of Indonesia refers to the period between 1942 and 1945, during World War II, when the Empire of Japan ruled Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 287 pixelsFull resolution (1254 × 450 pixel, file size: 31 KB, MIME type: image/png) Imperial Japanese advance through Netherlands East Indies (ie, Indonesia) in 1942 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 287 pixelsFull resolution (1254 × 450 pixel, file size: 31 KB, MIME type: image/png) Imperial Japanese advance through Netherlands East Indies (ie, Indonesia) in 1942 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev... The Japanese occupation of Indonesia refers to the period between 1942 and 1945, during World War II, when the Empire of Japan ruled Indonesia. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Victory over Japan Day (V-J Day) is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which took place on August 15, 1945, ending the Second World War. ... In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ...

Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1950)

Main article: Indonesian National Revolution

• 1945, 17 August: "Proclamation of Indonesian Independence," signed by Sukarno-Hatta.
• 1945, late August: Republican government established in Jakarta and constitution adopted. Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) established.

• 1945, 3 November: Vice President Hatta proclaims right of the people to form political parties.
• 1945, 11 November: Division commanders elect Sudirman as commander-in-chief of the revolutionary army.
• 1945, 22 August: Japanese announce surrender publicly across Indonesia.
• 1945, early September: Four rulers of the central Javanese principalities declare their support for the Republic.
• 1945, August to September: Euphoria of revolution spreads across the country, while local Japanese commanders and their troops often abandoned urban areas to avoid confrontation. Many discreetly allowed Indonesian youths to acquire arms. Republican youths take over infrastructure facilities in large Javan cities and mass pro-Republic rallies are held.
• 1945, July to 1946, December: Negotiations with Dutch over a federation called the 'United States of Indonesia' result in the Dutch establishing a 'State of East Indonesia'
• 1947, July: Dutch military offensives to resolve differences by force.
• 1948, September to October: Communist leader launch a revolt in Central Java in an attempt to take over the Revolution but are suppressed by Republican troops.
• 1948, 19 December: Dutch undertake second military campaign capturing Yogyakarta and most of the Republican cabinet.
• 1949, 27 December: International pressure leads Netherlands Government to transfer power to the United States of Indonesian (USI).
• 1950, 17 August: Following USI endorsement of a new constitution, the federation is dissolved and Sukarno proclaims a unitary state, the 'Republic of Indonesia'.

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The independece declaration announced by Sukarno The Indonesian Declaration of Independence was officially proclaimed at 10. ... Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ... Hatta can mean:- Hatta was an Arab village in Palestine (now Israel): it was abandoned in 1948. ... General Sudirman General Sudirman (January 24, 1916 - January 29, 1950; also spelled Soedirman) was the military commander of Republican Indonesian forces during Indonesias fight for independence from the Dutch in the 1940s. ... Motto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese/Kawi: Unity in Diversity) National ideology: Pancasila Anthem: Indonesia Raya Capital Jakarta Largest city Jakarta Official language(s) Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia, a standardized dialect of the Malay language) Government President Republic Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Independence - Declared - Recognised From Netherlands 17 August 1945 27 December... Central Java (Indonesian: Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. ... The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is a province of Indonesia on the island of Java. ... A map displaying todays federations. ... In government, see Unitary state In mathematics, see Unitary matrix Unitary operator Unitary group Unitary representation This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

1950s

• 1948 - 1962: Darul Islam rebellions begin in West Java, spread to other provinces but conclude with the execution of its leader Kartosoewiryo.
• 1950, 17 October: General Nasution is suspended as army chief of staff following army indiscipline over command and support that threatens the government.
• 1955, April: The city of Bandung hosts the Asia-Africa Conference. It is the first meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement and is attended by world leaders including China's Zhou Enlai, India's Nehru, Egypt's Nasser and Yugoslavia's Tito.
• 1955, September: Indonesia holds general parliamentary elections; the last free national elections until 1999; support for the parties is widely distributed with four parties each gaining 16-22 per cent and the remaining votes split between 24 parties.
• 1955, March - 1961, August: Regional rebellions in Sumatra and Sulawesi.
• 1958, May 18: US Air Force pilot Allen Pope is shot down over Ambon, revealing covert American support of regional rebellions, and ends the Dulles brothers' failure to subvert the Sukarno government.
• 1950s/60s: The military articulate the doctrines of dwifungsi and hankamrata: i.e. a military roles in the country's socio-political development as well as security; and a requirement that the resources of the people be at the call of the armed forces.
• 1959, 5 July: With armed forces support, Sukarno dissolves the Constituent Assembly and reintroduces the Constitution of 1945 with strong presidential powers, assumes the additional role of Prime Minister, which completes the structure of 'Guided Democracy'.

This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Nickname: Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) Motto: Bermartabat (dignity) Location of Bandung in Indonesia Coordinates: Province West Java Country Indonesia Government  - Mayor Dada Rosada Area  - City 167. ... The Bandung Conference was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, organized by Indonesia, Burma, Ceylon( Sri Lanka), India, and Pakistan. ... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005). ... Zhou Enlai (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chou En-lai) (March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976), a prominent Communist Party of China leader, was Premier of the Peoples Republic of China from 1949 until his death in January 1976, and Chinas foreign minister from 1949 to... Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू) (November 14, 1889 - May 27, 1964), also called Pandit (Teacher) Nehru, was the leader of the (moderately) socialist wing of the Indian National Congress during and after Indias struggle for independence from the British... Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: - ; Masri: جمال عبد الناصر - also transliterated as Jamal Abd al-Naser, Jamal Abd an-Nasser and other variants; January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970) was the President of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. ... Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian and languages of other nationalities. ... Josip Broz Tito (Cyrillic: Јосип Броз Тито, May 7, 1892 [May 25th according to official birth certificate] – May 4, 1980) was the leader of the Second Yugoslavia, which lasted from 1943 until 1991. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Location of Sulawesi Island (light green) among the various islands of Indonesia. ... Seal of the Air Force. ... Allen Lawrence Pope was a US Air Force pilot who was shot down on May 18, 1958 while flying a B-26 during a raid on government forces in Indonesia. ... Ceram and Ambon Islands (Operational Navigation Chart, 1967) Not for navigational use Ambon City in 2001, showing heavy damage from fighting Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. ... Dulles is Washington Dulles International Airport, a major airport in Northern Virginia in the Washington, DC, USA area Dulles, Virginia, USA John Foster Dulles, former US Secretary of State. ... Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ...

1960s

• 1963: Parliament elects Sukarno 'President-for-life'.
• 1963, May: Following UN and Kennedy government pressure, the Netherlands yields West Irian (Papua) to temporary UN supervision.
• 1963 - 1965: Sole years of American Peace Corps program in Indonesia.
• 1963 - 1965: Sukarno leads the Konfrontasi campaign against the newly created Malaysia.
• 1965, January: Indonesia withdraws from membership of the UN.
• 1965, 30 September: An abortive coup in Jakarta results in the murder of six army generals, and disposal of bodies at Lubang Buaya.
• 1965, 1 October: A counter coup led by General Suharto that leads to the Overthrow of Sukarno
• 1965, October to 1966, March: A violent anti-communist purge leads to the killing of approximately 1/2 million Indonesians.
• 1966, 11 March: General Suharto forces Sukarno to delegate presidential powers to himself by signing the Supersemar. Suharto proceeds to dissolve the Indonesian Communist Party.
• 1967: New investment laws designed to bring in foreign capital are passed; restrictions are introduced regarding status of Indonesian Chinese, their names and their religions.
• 1968, March: Parliament confers full presidential title on Suharto; Sukarno is under effective house arrest.
• 1968 - 1971: Soedjatmoko is Indonesian ambassador to the United States; bilateral relations warm.
• 1969: Papuan representatives agree to join Indonesia following the controversial 'Act of Free Choice'.

The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... JFK redirects here. ... West Papua is also the name of the province of Indonesia formerly called West Irian Jaya. ... It has been suggested that Crisis corps be merged into this article or section. ... The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was an intermittent war over the future of the island of Borneo, between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia in 1962-1966. ... Jakarta (also Djakarta or DKI Jakarta), formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, Jayakarta and Batavia is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. ... Lubang Buaya A location in eastern Jakarta - Crocodile Hole near the Halim Perdanakusumah Air Force Base. ... Haji Mohammad Soeharto (born June 8, 1921), more commonly referred to as simply Soeharto (Suharto in the English-speaking world), is a former Indonesian military and political leader. ... The overthrow of Sukarno and the violence that followed it was a conflict in Indonesia from 1965 to 1966 between forces loyal to then-President Sukarno and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and forces loyal to a right-wing military faction led by General Abdul Haris Nasution and Maj. ... The Supersemar, the Indonesian abbreviation for Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret (Order of March the Eleventh) was a document ostensibly signed by the Indonesian President Sukarno on March 11, 1966, giving the Army commander Lt. ... Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia), was founded in 1920 in Semarang, as the successor of the Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging (ISDV, Indian Social Democratic Association). ... It has been suggested that The Indonesian Ethnic Chinese and the view of nationhood be merged into this article or section. ... Papua is: Another name for New Guinea Papua (Australian territory): A former Australian territory comprising the southeastern quarter of the island of New Guinea, now the southern part of Papua New Guinea Papua (Indonesian province): An Indonesian province comprising the western half of the island of New Guinea Related Words... Act of Free Choice (Indonesian: Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat [PEPERA]) was the title of a 1969 referendum in the former Dutch territory of Western New Guinea, to determine whether the territory would become part of Indonesia or maintain independence. ...

1970s

• 1970, 21 June: Sukarno dies. He is buried at Blitar, East Java.
• 1970: Nurcholish Madjid, a young Muslim modernist, begins to lay out religious developmental principles for Indonesia—'Islam, yes; Islamic party, no'.
• 1971: Mrs Suharto inspired by a visit to Disneyland, conceives a national cultural theme park.
• 1973: Government forces fushion of political parties; Nationalist and Christian parties are merged into the PDI and Muslim parties into the PPP. The new three party system is dominated by Golkar.
• 1974: The 'Malari' uprising in Jakarta against Japanese penetration of the economy, Chinese Indonesian influence, and official corruption.
• 1975, April: Mrs Suharto dedicates the vast 'Beautiful Indonesia-in-Miniature Park' (Taman Mini) on the outskirts of Jakarta.
• 1975, April: Civil war breaks out in the former Portuguese colony of East Timor.
• 1975, 6 December: President Ford and Secretary of State Kissinger, returning from China, make a hastily rescheduled one-day visit to Jakarta.
• 1975, 7 December: Indonesia launches an invasion of East Timor.
• 1976, March: General Ibnu Sutowo is 'dismissed with honour' after a decade as head of Pertamina, the state oil corporation.
• 1976, 17 July: Suharto signs a bill integrating East Timor into Indonesia as its 27th province.
• 1976, 19 November: UN General Assembly rejects Indonesia's annexation of East Timor.
• 1977: The United States surpasses Japan as Indonesia's biggest oil customer.
• 1977, October: Sawito Kartowibowo's trial for 'subversion' begins.
• 1978: MPR elevates Pancasila to the status of compulsory moral education of youth and government officials.
• 1978: Suharto appoints B.J. Habibie as state minister for research and technology.
• 1979, December: Writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer is released after fourteen years imprisonment with hard labour on Buru Island.

Blitar is a city (kota) and Regency of East Java, Indonesia. ... East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur) is a province of Indonesia. ... Nurcholish Madjid Dr. Nurcholish Madjid (March 17, 1939 - August 29, 2005), in his homeland affectionately known as Cak Nur, was a prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectual. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... This article is about a theme park in Anaheim, California USA. For other Disney parks and attractions, see Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. ... PDI can mean: The Philippine Daily Inquirer, a Philippine newspaper Protein disulfide isomerase, an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum Polydispersity index, a term in polymer chemistry referring to the molecular weight distribution of polymers. ... PPP is an abbreviation for: In real estate: prepayment penalty, a penalty paid when property is sold before an agreed-upon date. ... The Party of the Functional Groups (Indonesian: Partai Golongan Karya) is a political party in Indonesia, also known as Golkar (Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya, or Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups). ... The Chinese Indonesian (Mandarin: Yin du ni xi ya Huaren (Traditional: 印度尼西亞華人, Simplified: 印度尼西亚华人） Hakka: Thong ngin, Min: Teng lang, Indonesian: Tionghoa Indonesia, or (derisively) China totok) are citizens or residents of Indonesia of Chinese birth or descent, as a result of centuries of overseas Chinese migration. ... Nitra, the mascot of TMII Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) or Beautiful Indonesia Miniature Park (literally translated) is a culture-based recreational area located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American diplomat, and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. ... Pertamina (Perusahaan Tambang Minyak Negara, lit. ... United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. ... Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a regional public radio network based in the U.S. state of Minnesota that has been broadcasting since 1967. ... Symbol of Indonesias Pancasila Pancasila, pronounced Panchaseela, is the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state. ... Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (born June 25, 1936), more commonly known simply as Rudy Habibie or B J Habibie, was the third President of Indonesia, holding office from 1998 to 1999. ... Pramoedya Ananta Toer (February 6 1925 - April 30 2006) was an Indonesian author of novels, short stories, essays, polemics, and histories of his homeland and its people. ... Buru Island (Operational Navigation Chart, 1967) Not for navigational use Buru is an island in the Maluku (Indonesian province) province of Indonesia. ...

1980s

• 1980, May: The Petition of Fifty—a statement of concern to parliament about the use of government power, propaganda, and presidential personality cult—is tabled.
• 1982 - 1983: The height of Petrus ('mysterious shootings') of thousands of suspected criminals by government security forces.
• 1983: Prabowo Subianto, then a major in ABRI marries Suharto's daughter Titiek at Taman Mini.
• 1984, 12 September: Muslim concerned protesting over alleged insensitivities to Islam at Tanjung Priok; a riot ensues resulting in many deaths.
• 1984, December: Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) is elected chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama a position previously held by both his father and grandfather.
• 1985: The Indonesian government require all organisations of any kind to adopt Pancasila as their sole basis.
• 1987: Sukarno's daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri becomes a member of parliament; Suharto prohibits display of images of Sukarno although they appear frequently nonetheless.
• 1988: Suharto is elected to a fifth term as president.
• 1989: The Free Aceh Movement (GAM) reemerges following its 1976 founding; suppression of its guerilla activities leads to 2,000 deaths by 1991 in Aceh.

Prabowo Subianto is a highly controversial Indonesian military man and politician. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Aerial view of Tanjung Priok Tanjung Priok (also Tandjung Priok) is a northern suburb of Jakarta, Indonesia, and the citys main harbour. ... Abdurrahman Wahid Abdurrahman Wahid (also known as Gus Dur) (born August 4, 1940) was President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001, and leader of the National Awakening Party, which he founded after the fall of Suharto. ... The Nahdatul Ulama, known as Nahdlatul Ulama or NU, is a traditionalist conservative Sunni Islam group in Indonesia. ... Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Soekarnoputri (born January 23, 1947), was President of Indonesia from July 2001 to October 20, 2004. ... ASNLF Flag The Free Aceh Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan Aceh Merdeka or simply GAM), also known as the Aceh Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF), is an armed separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region on Sumatra from Indonesia. ... Aceh (IPA pronunciation: , pronounced approximately Ah-Cèh, but with [e], not [ei] at the end) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ...

1990s

• 1991: Indonesia wins presidency of the Non-Aligned Movement.
• 1991, 12 November: ABRI troops fire on demonstrative funeral procession in Dili, East Timor. TV images of the killings put East Timor high on the internationl human rights agenda.
• 1992: Suharto successfully defies Dutch efforts to link human rights to aid administerd since 1967 by the International Governmental Group on Indonesia (IGGI).
• 1992-1993: East Timorese resistance leader Xanana Gusmão is captured by Prabowo and is tried and sentenced.
• 1993: Suharto seeks a sixth term and is easily re-elected.
• 1994, June: Suharto shuts down Tempo and two other publications for critical reporting of Habibie’s purchase of the former East German navy.
• 1996: The Free Papua Movement (OPM) kidnaps fourteen scientists and foresters in Iran Jaya garnering international attention. After four months, the abductees are rescued in a bloody operation lead by Prabowo.
• 1996, April: Ibu Tien Suharto, the president’s wife of 48 years, dies of a heart attack.
• 1996, July: Military-backed thugs burst into headquarters of PDI, Megawati’s party, and evict her supporters in a violent climax to government efforts to vitiate her party’s popularity.
• 1997, February: Alarmed at a dukun’s prediction that 'the nail of Java has come loose', Suharto commands a massive Ruat Dunia ceremony ('Cleansing of the world') near Borobudur.
• 1997, June: Pacific Ocean trade winds shift heralding the onset of the El Niño; severe drought across much of Indonesia follows in the ensuing months accompanied by highly destructive forest fires.
• 1997, July: The collapse of the Thai baht starts the East Asian financial crisis and over the ensuing months Indonesia is the country hardest hit.
• 1997 - 1998: Severe social unrest breaks out across Indonesian cities against Chinese Indonesians, Christians, symbols of wealth, the police and bureaucracy.
• 1998, 11 March: Suharto unanimously elected by the MPR to his seventh presidential term.
• 1998, late March: Largely peaceful student demonstrations against the regime rise to national prominence.
• 1998, 12 May: Four student demonstrators at Trisakti University are shot dead by bullets likely to have been but unproven from army sources .
• 1998, 13 May: Memorial services for killed students leads to vandalism, arson, looting and rape by roving mobs which continue unchecked by security forces for two days leaving 1,200 dead.
• 1998, 20 May: For National Awakening Day, Amien Rais pledges to bring a million protestors into the streets to demonstrate against at the National Monument in Jakarta. Faced with barbed wire and massed troops he calls off the rally fearing bloodshed.
• 1998, 21 May, 9 a.m.: After being deserted by his cabinet, Suharto resigns the presidency. Habibie assumes presidency.
• 1998, August: General Wiranto announces the discharge of Lieutenant General Prabowo from active duty, with full pension benefits—and without court-martial for allegations of abduction and torture of student activist (some of whom remain missing).
• 1998, 10 November: Megawati, Rais, and the sultan of Yogya, meet at Wahid's home in Ciganjur, and issue a series of statements including a demand for the military to end their role in politics within six years.
• 1998, 13 November: On the last day of the MPR sessions, soldiers open fire on demonstrating students killing at least fifteen and injuring hundreds.
• 1999, 19 January: An petty argument between in the city of Ambon triggers Christian-Muslim clashes that last for three years across Maluku. As many as 10,000 are killed and 700,000 or one third of the region are displaced.
• 1999, 7 June: Indonesia's first free and fair national elections since 1955 take place with almost no disruption and wide participation. Votes however are disripted across forty-eight parties with no party achieving a majority.
• 1999, September: East Timor votes to secede from Indonesia in a referendum conducted under UN auspices. Four-fifths of voters choose independence for East Timor over integration with Indonesia. Pro-integration militias trained and paid by ABRI immediately resort to a scorched earth policy that leaves 1,000 dead and most of the territory's infrastructure runined.
• 1999, 13 September: President Habibie relents to internationl pressure and allows a UN peacekeeping force known as 'INTERFET' to enter East Timor and restore order.
• 1999, October: The Indonesian parliament rejects President Habibie's accountability speech. Wahid who's party received one eighth of the popular vote is elected president by the MPR. Megawati who's party received one third of the vote (the highest) is elected vice president.

Dili, also spelled Díli, Dilli or Dilly, is the capital of East Timor. ... Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão (born June 20, 1946), born José Alexandre Gusmão, is the first President of East Timor in Southeast Asia. ... The flag of the Free Papua Movement, the Morning Star. ... Borobudur is a ninth century Buddhist Mahayana monument in Central Java, Indonesia. ... Chart of ocean surface temperature anomaly [°C]