| RLST 7: Timeline of Islamic History (1593 words) |
 | As a political and cultural center, Baghdad became the home of schools of Islamic law patronized by the Abbasid caliphs, and shari'a took hold as a standard of Islamic political and religious existence (although Islamic jurists could also serve as an important check on the power of the caliphs). |
 | Eventually Christian kingdoms to the north preyed on weakened al-Andalus, until Islamic presence was reduced to the small kingdom of Grenada by the thirteenth century. |
 | During this period of political upheaval and military devastation, central components of unifying Islamic identity were (perhaps paradoxically) strengthened: legal schools established coherent standards for fiqh (jurisprudence) and shari'a (common law), and philosophy and mysticism (falsafah and Sufism) flourished throughout the Islamic world. |