Map of countries whose citizens have flown in space

Since the first spaceflight by the Soviet Union, astronauts who were citizens of 35 countries have flown into space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the astronaut at the time of the spaceflight. Note: All dates given are UTC. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1356x658, 51 KB) Summary Map showing Astronauts by country as listed on w:Timeline of astronauts by nationality. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1356x658, 51 KB) Summary Map showing Astronauts by country as listed on w:Timeline of astronauts by nationality. ... U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit. ... It has been suggested that leap second be merged into this article or section. ...

Country	Astronaut	Date (UTC)
1960s
Soviet Union[1]	Yuri Gagarin	April 12, 1961
United States[2]	Alan Shepard	May 5, 1961
1970s
Czechoslovakia[3]	Vladimír Remek	March 2, 1978
Poland	Mirosław Hermaszewski	June 27, 1978
East Germany[4]	Sigmund Jähn	August 26, 1978
Bulgaria	Georgi Ivanov	April 10, 1979
1980s
Hungary	Bertalan Farkas	May 26, 1980
Vietnam	Pham Tuan	July 23, 1980
Cuba	Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez	September 18, 1980
Mongolia	Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha	March 22, 1981
Romania	Dumitru Prunariu	May 14, 1981
France	Jean-Loup Chrétien	June 24, 1982
West Germany[4]	Ulf Merbold	November 28, 1983
India	Rakesh Sharma	April 3, 1984
Canada	Marc Garneau	October 5, 1984
Saudi Arabia	Salman al-Saud	June 17, 1985
Netherlands	Wubbo Ockels	October 30, 1985
Mexico	Rodolfo Neri Vela	November 26, 1985
Syria	Mohammed Faris	July 22, 1987
Afghanistan	Abdul Ahad Mohmand	August 29, 1988
1990s
Japan	Toyohiro Akiyama	December 2, 1990
United Kingdom	Helen Sharman	May 18, 1991
Austria	Franz Viehböck	October 2, 1991
Russia[1]	Alexandr Kaleri, Alexandr Viktorenko	March 17, 1992
Belgium	Dirk Frimout	March 24, 1992
Italy	Franco Malerba	July 31, 1992
Switzerland	Claude Nicollier	July 31, 1992
Kazakhstan[1]	Talgat Musabayev	July 1, 1994
Ukraine[1]	Leonid Kadenyuk	November 19, 1997
Spain	Pedro Duque	October 29, 1998
Slovakia[3]	Ivan Bella	February 20, 1999
2000s
South Africa	Mark Shuttleworth	April 25, 2002
Israel	Ilan Ramon[5]	January 16, 2003
China	Yáng Lìwěi	October 15, 2003
Brazil	Marcos Pontes	March 30, 2006

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precision atomic time standard which approximately tracks Universal Time (UT). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (Russian: Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин; March 9, 1934 – March 27, 1968), was a Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 became the first human to survive space flight and the first human to orbit the Earth. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr. ... May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic_(bordered). ... Vladimír Remek Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) was the first Czech in space, and the first cosmonaut from neither the USSR or the USA. He flew aboard Soyuz 28 from 2 to 10 March 1978, for seven days, 22 hours, and 17 minutes. ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland_(bordered). ... MirosÅ‚aw Hermaszewski (born September 15, 1941), was a Polish astronaut, the first citizen of Poland to make a spaceflight onboard the Soyuz 30 spacecraft. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_East_Germany. ... GDR redirects here. ... Sigmund Werner Paul Jähn (born February 13, 1937) was the first German cosmonaut. ... August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bulgaria_1971-1990. ... Georgi Ivanov This article is about Georgi Ivanov the cosmonaut. ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ... Bertalan Farkas Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) was the first Hungarian cosmonaut and was the first Hungarian and the first Esperantist in space. ... May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vietnam. ... Tuân Pham Tuân Pham (born February 14, 1947) was the first Vietnamese cosmonaut, and the first Asian in space. ... July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cuba. ... Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez Cuban Mulatto Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (born January 29, 1942) was the first Cuban cosmonaut and the first person from a country in the Western Hemisphere other than the U.S. to travel to space. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Mongolia_(1949-1992). ... Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha, aka Gurragcha Sansar (born December 5, 1947) was the first Mongolian cosmonaut and the second Asian in space. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (82nd in Leap years). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Romania_flag_1947-1989. ... Dumitru Prunariu Dumitru Dorin Prunariu (born September 27, 1952) is a Romanian astronaut. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Spationaut Jean-Loup Chrétien Jean-Loup J.M. Chrétien, retired Général de Brigade (brigadier general) of the Armée de lAir (French air force), spationaut on several Franco-Soviet space missions, and former NASA mission specialist. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Ulf Dietrich Merbold (born June 20, 1941) was the first West German and second German astronaut. ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Rakesh Sharma is also an Omani cricketer. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Canada. ... Captain (N) Dr. Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau CC, CD, Ph. ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud (Arabic: سلطان بن سلمان بن عبد العزيز السعود ) is an astronaut and a payload specialist in NASA nomenclature. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Wubbo Johannes Ockels is a Dutch physicist and astronaut. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mexico. ... Rodolfo Neri Vela, Ph. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Muhammed Faris (born May 26, 1951) is a former Syrian cosmonaut. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan_1987. ... Abdul Ahad Mohmand (b. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan_(bordered). ... Toyohiro Akiyama (秋山豊寛 Akiyama Toyohiro) (born July 22, 1942) is a Japanese TV journalist and cosmonaut. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Helen Patricia Sharman OBE (born May 30, 1963), is a former British astronaut. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... Franz Artur Viehböck (born August 24, 1960 in Vienna) is an Austrian electrical engineer, and Austrias first astronaut. ... October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ... External link NASA Biography Categories: Stub | 1956 births | Russian astronauts | Crew members of ISS Expeditions ... Alexander Stepanovich Viktorenko (Александр Степанович Викторенко) is a former Russian cosmonaut. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ... Dirk D. Frimout Dirk Dries David Damiaan Frimout (Ph. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... NAME: Franco Malerba (Ph. ... July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... Claude Nicollier in a picture from ESA website. ... July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kazakhstan. ... Talgat Musabayev Talgat Amangeldyevich Musabayev (Kazakh: Талгат Амангельдыевич Мусабаев; born 7 January 1951, Kargaly, Kazakhstan), is a cosmonaut who flew on the following space missions: Soyuz TM-19 Flight Engineer - 4 November 1994 - 125d 22h 53m Soyuz TM-27 Commander - 25 August 1998 - 207d 12h 49m Soyuz TM-32 Commander - 6 May 2001... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... NAME: Leonid K. Kadenyuk NSAU Astronaut PERSONAL DATA: Born January 28, 1951, in the Chernivtsi region of Ukraine. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Pedro Francisco Duque (born 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and a veteran of two space missions. ... October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovakia_(bordered). ... Slovak astronaut Ivan Bella Ivan Bella (Brezno, Slovakia on May 25, 1964 - ) is a research cosmonaut from Slovakia and the first Slovak-born person to enter space (the first Slovak to enter space was a U.S. astronaut of Slovak origin). ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa. ... Mark Shuttleworth arrived at the ISS on April 27, 2002. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ilan Ramon (Hebrew: אילן רמון) (June 20, 1954 – February 1, 2003) was a combat pilot in the Israeli Air Force and later Israels first astronaut and space shuttle payload specialist of STS-107 (Columbia) who was killed when the craft disintegrated during reentry into the Earths atmosphere. ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Dr. Yáng LìwÄ›i (Simplified Chinese: 杨利伟; Traditional Chinese: 楊利偉) (born June 21, 1965) is an astronaut (hangtianyuan) or Taikonaut (or yuhangyuans) and the Peoples Republic of Chinas first man in space. ... October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Brazil. ... Marcos César Pontes (born March 11, 1963) became the first Brazilian and the first Lusophone to go into space when he launched towards the International Space Station aboard Soyuz TMA-8 on March 30, 2006. ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notes

1. ↑  In 1991, the Soviet Union broke up into Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. At the time of the breakup, Sergei Krikalev and Alexander Volkov were orbiting Earth on Mir, having gone into orbit as Soviet citizens. They returned to Earth as Russian citizens. Kaleri and Viktorenko were the first Russians to go into orbit after the Soviet breakup.
2. ↑  Shepard's spaceflight was suborbital. The first American to go into orbit was John Glenn, on February 20, 1962.
3. ↑  In 1993, Czechoslovakia broke up into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
4. ↑  In 1990, East Germany and West Germany unified into Germany. On January 22, 1992, Ulf Merbold became the first citizen of the reunified Germany to go into space.
5. ↑  Ilan Ramon was the first Israeli to go into space but he died during reentry. Under Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, this does not qualify as a completed spaceflight. However, under those same rules, Yuri Gagarin would not qualify as the first astronaut. See FAI Astronautic Records Commission - Sporting Code Section 8 (PDF). Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Retrieved on 2006-04-09..

Sergei Krikalevs official NASA photo Sergei Krikalevs official RSA photo Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev dons a training space suit. ... Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov (Russian: ) (born May 27, 1948) is a Russian cosmonaut. ... Meanings of MIR: Mail-in rebate Medical Inspection Room - the place for sick parade in most British and Commonwealth militaries and many NGOs. ... John Herschel Glenn Jr. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... GDR redirects here. ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) is a standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics and astronautics. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ...

Other claims

The above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following astronauts:

• Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched October 5, 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
• Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched April 29, 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
• Patrick Baudry, first launched June 17, 1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of Cameroon), and was a French citizen when he went into space.
• Shannon Lucid, first launched June 17, 1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she went into space.
• Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched January 12, 1986, was born in Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
• Andy Thomas, first launched May 19, 1996, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
• John Herrington, first launched November 24, 2002 is an American citizen and as a registered Chickasaw was the first Native American in space.

Paul Desmond Scully-Power (Payload Specialist) Paul Desmond Scully-Power is an oceanographer and was a NASA Payload Specialist, a type of astronaut. ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Taylor Wang - NASA photo (1984) Taylor Gun-Jin Wang (Traditional Chinese: 王贛駿; Simplified Chinese: 王赣骏; Hanyu Pinyin: ) (born June 16, 1940) is the first ethnic Chinese astronaut to go into space. ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... Patrick Baudry Patrick Baudry (born March 6, 1946 in Cameroon, then a French colony), retired Lieutenant Colonel, French Air Force, is a CNES Spationaut. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... Shannon Wells Lucid (born January 14, 1943) is an American astronaut who holds the record for the longest duration stay in space by a woman. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... Franklin Chang-Diaz Franklin Ramón Chang Díaz (born 5 April 1950) is a Costa Rican-[[Anabel Solis--24. ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Andrew Sydney Withiel Andy Thomas (b. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Note: You may also be looking for U.S. politician John S. Herrington. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The Chickasaws are a Native American people of the United States, originally from present-day Mississippi, now mostly living in Oklahoma. ... An Atsina named Assiniboin Boy Photo by Edward S. Curtis. ...

See also

• List of human spaceflights: 1961-1986, 1987-1999, 2000-present.
• List of astronauts by name
• Spaceflight records