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Timeline of subatomic particle discoveries . Alternative meanings: Timeline is a 1999 science fiction novel by Michael Crichton Timeline is a 2003 film based on the novel. ...
A subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom: it may be elementary or composite. ...
1897 Electron discovered by J.J. Thompson 1899 Alpha particle discovered by Ernest Rutherford in uranium radiation 1900 Gamma ray (i.e. photon ) discovered by Paul Villard in uranium decay. 1911 Atomic nucleus identified by Ernest Rutherford , based on scattering observed by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden . 1919 Proton discovered by Ernest Rutherford 1932 Neutron discovered by James Chadwick 1932 Positron discovered by Carl D. Anderson (proposed by Paul Dirac in 1927 ) 1937 Muon discovered by Seth Neddermeyer , Carl Anderson, J.C. Street, and E.C. Stevenson, using cloud chamber measurements of cosmic rays . (It was mistaken for the pion until 1946 .) 1947 Pion discovered by Cecil Powell (predicted by Hideki Yukawa in 1934 ) 1947 Kaon , the first strange particle , discovered by G.D. Rochester and C.C. Butler 1955 Antiproton discovered by Owen Chamberlain , Emilio Segre , Clyde Wiegand , and Thomas Ypsilantis 1956 Neutrino detected by Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan (proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1931 to explain the apparent violation of energy conservation in beta decay) 1962 Muon neutrino proved distinct from electron neutrino by group headed by Leon Lederman 1964 (not a discovery) Higgs boson predicted as a result of a mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking proposed by Peter Higgs (remains hypothetical as of 2005 , but widely expected to be found at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in the early 2010s ) 1969 Partons (internal constituents of hadrons ) observed in deep inelastic scattering experiments between protons and electrons at SLAC ; this was eventually associated with the quark model (predicted by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1963 ) and thus constitutes the discovery of the up quark , down quark , and strange quark . 1974 J/ψ particle discovered by groups headed by Burton Richter and Samuel Ting , demonstrating the existence of the charm quark (proposed by Sheldon Glashow , John Iliopoulos, and Luciano Maiani in 1970 ) 1975 Tau lepton discovered by group headed by Martin Perl 1977 Upsilon particle discovered at Fermilab , demonstrating the existance of the bottom quark (proposed by Kobiyashi and Maskawa in 1973 ) 1979 Gluon observed indirectly in three jet events at DESY . 1983 W and Z bosons discovered by Carlo Rubbia , Simon van der Meer , and the CERN UA-1 collaboration (widely expected, predicted in detail by Sheldon Glashow , Abdus Salam , and Steven Weinberg in the 1960s ) 1995 Top quark discovered at Fermilab 2000 Tau neutrino proved distinct from other neutrinos at Fermilab