NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tiotropium

Tiotropium (IPA: [ˌtaɪəˈtropiəm]) is a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tiotropium bromide (INN) capsules for inhalation are co-marketed by Boehringer-Ingelheim and Pfizer under the trade name Spiriva. Capsules are inhaled via a proprietary HandiHaler device. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. ... A bronchodilator is a medication intended to improve bronchial airflow. ... Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for a group of respiratory tract diseases that are characterized by airflow obstruction or limitation. ... An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is the official non-proprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as designated by the World Health Organization. ... Boehringer Ingelheim is a global pharmaceutical company based in Germany. ... Pfizer, Incorporated (NYSE: PFE), is a global pharmaceutical company based in New York City. ...

Mode of action

Tiotropium is a muscarinic receptor antagonist, often referred to as an antimuscarinic or anticholinergic agent. Although it does not display selectivity for specific muscarinic receptors, on topical application it acts mainly on M₃ muscarinic receptors located in the airways to produce smooth muscle relaxation, thus producing a bronchodilatory effect. Muscarinic receptors are those membrane bound acetylcholine receptors that are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. ... Antagonists In medicine and biology, a receptor antagonist is a ligand that inhibits the function of an agonist and inverse agonist for a specific receptor. ... An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. ... Cultured Smooth muscle of the aorta. ... A bronchodilator is a medication intended to improve bronchial airflow. ...

Clinical use

Indications

Tiotropium is indicated for maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for a group of respiratory tract diseases that are characterized by airflow obstruction or limitation. ...

Adverse effects

Adverse effects are mainly related to its antimuscarinic effects. Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of patients) associated with tiotropium therapy include: dry mouth and/or throat irritation. Rarely (<0.1% of patients) treatment is associated with: urinary retention, constipation, acute angle closure glaucoma, palpitations, and/or allergy (rash, angioedema, anaphylaxis) (Rossi, 2006). An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications. ... Urinary retention also known as ischuria is a lack of ability to urinate. ... Human eye cross-sectional view. ... Angioedema (BE: angiooedema), also known by its eponym Quinckes edema and the older term angioneurotic edema, is the rapid swelling (edema) of the skin, mucosa and submucosal tissues. ... }} In medicine, anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid multi-system allergic reaction. ...

References

The Australian Medicines Handbook or AMH is a medical reference text commonly used in practice by health professionals (particularly general practitioners and pharmacists) in Australia. ...

See also

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for a group of respiratory tract diseases that are characterized by airflow obstruction or limitation. ...

External links

Categories: Bronchodilators | Muscarinic antagonists | Thiophenes | Epoxides Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), is a group of diseases characterised by limitation of airflow in the airway that is not fully reversible. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. ... Sources Brenner, G. M. (2000). ... Beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists are a class of drugs used to treat asthma. ... Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting Î²2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD. Salbutamol sulfate is usually given by the inhaled route for direct effect on bronchial smooth muscle. ... The drug Terbutaline (trade names Brethine, Bricanyl, or Brethaire) is a Î²2-adrenergic receptor agonist, used as a fast-acting bronchodilator and off-label to delay premature labour as a tocolytic. ... Long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonists include formoterol, salmeterol and are usually prescribed for moderate to severe persistent asthma patients or patients with COPD. They are designed to replace the shorter acting B2-agonists such as salbutamol, as they have a duration of action of approximately 12 hours in comparison with... Bambuterol (INN, marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade names BambecÂ® and OxeolÂ®) is a long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma. ... Clenbuterol is a drug prescribed to sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. ... Formoterol belongs to the family of prescription-only medicines known as beta 2-agonists. ... Salmeterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist drug that is currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD. It is currently available in both dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) and pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs). ... In physiology, corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. ... Beclometasone dipropionate (INN, Beclomethasone dipropionate (BAN) is a corticosteroid drug. ... Budesonide is a corticosteroid for the treatment of asthma, non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. ... Ciclesonide is a glucocorticoid used to treat obstructive airway diseases. ... Fluticasone proprionate is a glucocorticoid often prescribed as treatment for asthma and allergic rhinitis. ... Leukotrienes are autocrine and paracrine eicosanoid lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase. ... Montelukast is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies. ... Pranlukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist. ... Zafirlukast is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) for the maintenance treatment of asthma. ... Xanthines are a group of alkaloids that are commonly used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in treating the symptoms of asthma. ... Aminophylline is a drug combination that contains theophylline and ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. ... Theobromine is a bitter alkaloid of the methylxanthine family, which also includes the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine. ... Theophylline is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD or asthma under a variety of brand names. ... Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or control certain allergic disorders. ... Cromoglicate (INN) (also referred to as cromolyn (USAN) or cromoglycate (former BAN)) is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizing drug, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Unopened Symbicort Turbuhaler (left) and opened (middle and right) The combination preparation budesonide/formoterol is a formulation containing budesonide and formoterol used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ... Fluticasone Propionate The Diskus device Inner Workings of Diskus The combination preparation fluticasone/salmeterol is a formulation containing fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ... The combination preparation ipratropium/salbutamol is a formulation containing ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulfate (albuterol sulfate) used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. ...

Contents

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