Tipu Sultan
Ruler of Mysore
Reign	1782 - 1799
Born	November 20, 1750
	Devanahalli
Died	May 4, 1799
	Srirangapattana
Predecessor	Hyder Ali
Father	Hyder Ali
Mother	Fakhr-un-nissa

Sultan Fateh Ali Tipu, also known as the Tiger of Mysore (November 20, 1750, Devanahalli – May 4, 1799, Srirangapattana), was the first son of Haidar Ali by his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-nissa. He was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from the time of his father's death in 1782 until his own demise in 1799. Tipu Sultan was a learned man and an able soldier. He was reputed to be a good poet. He was a devout Muslim,but a fundamentalist.He didn't attack the Hindus who were a majority in his kingdom and was moreover surrounded by Hindu kingdoms. But he fought Christianity (he deported 60000 Christians from Canara to Mysore in 1784 of whom only half survived). At the request of the French, for instance, he built a church, the first in Mysore. That is true. But then we must see that in the light of the fact that the military apparatus which he inherited from his father, Hyder Ali, was formed by the French in their struggle with the British. In fact both Tippu and Hyder ali did not hesitate to use this French trained army against the Maharattas, Sira, Malabar, Coorg and Bednur. When Tippu found himself in a difficult situation he did not hesitate to ask the King of Afghanastan to attack the Maharratas in the north so as to relieve pressure on him. He was proficient in the languages he spoke ^[1]. He helped his father Haidar Ali defeat the British in the Second Mysore War, and negotiated the Treaty of Mangalore with them. However, he was defeated in the Third Anglo-Mysore War and in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War by the combined forces of the English East India Company, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Mahratta Confederacy, and to a lesser extent, Travancore. Tipu Sultan died defending his capital Srirangapattana, on May 4, 1799. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 492 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (556 × 678 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Tipu Sultan ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1750 (MDCCL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Devanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka State, India - Located 30 km outside the city limits of Bangalore, India - Birthplace of Tipu Sultan - Proposed site for Bangalores much touted Kempegowda International Airport At the time of writing this article, Devanahalli is known only as the birthplace of Tipu Sultan and as the proposed... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... , For other uses, see Mysore (disambiguation). ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1750 (MDCCL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Devanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka State, India - Located 30 km outside the city limits of Bangalore, India - Birthplace of Tipu Sultan - Proposed site for Bangalores much touted Kempegowda International Airport At the time of writing this article, Devanahalli is known only as the birthplace of Tipu Sultan and as the proposed... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... Flag of former princely state of Mysore. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) was a conflict in India between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Mysore. ... The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789-1792) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company under Lord Wellesley. ... Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാംകൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാങ്കോട് []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Sir Walter Scott, commenting on the abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814, wrote: "Although I never supposed that he [Napoleon] possessed, allowing for some difference of education, the liberality of conduct and political views which were sometimes exhibited by old Haidar Ally, yet I did think he [Napoleon] might have shown the same resolved and dogged spirit of resolution which induced Tippoo Saib to die manfully upon the breach of his capital city with his sabre clenched in his hand." Raeburns portrait of Sir Walter Scott in 1822. ... Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français...

Early life

Tipu Sultan's summer palace at Srirangapatna, Karnataka

Tipu Sultan was born at Devanahalli, in present-day Kolar District, some 45 miles east of Bangalore. The exact date of his birth is not known; various sources claim various dates between 1749 and 1753. According to one widely accepted dating, he was born on Nov 10, 1750 (Friday, 10th Zil-Hijja, 1163 AH). His father, Haidar Ali, was the de-facto ruler of Mysore. His mother, Fakhr-un-nissa (also called Fatima), was a daughter of Shahal Tharique, governor of the fort of Cuddapah. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Srirangapattana (also spelt Srirangapatna; anglecized to Seringapatam during the British Raj) is a town of great religious, cultural and historic importance located near the city of Mysore in the south Indian state of Karnataka. ... , Karnataka (Kannada: , IPA:  ) is a state in the southern part of India. ... Devanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka State, India - Located 30 km outside the city limits of Bangalore, India - Birthplace of Tipu Sultan - Proposed site for Bangalores much touted Kempegowda International Airport At the time of writing this article, Devanahalli is known only as the birthplace of Tipu Sultan and as the proposed... Kolar ಕೋಲಾರ   is a district in Karnataka state of India. ... , For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ... November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... Year 1750 (MDCCL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called Hijri calendar, Arabic التقويم الهجري) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... Map showing cuddapah district Cuddapah, or Kadapa, as it is known now, is one of the districts of Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh, India. ...

His rule

During his rule, Tipu Sultan laid the foundation for a dam where the famous Krishna Raja Sagara Dam across the river Cauvery was later built.^[2][3] He also completed the project of Lal Bagh started by his father Haidar Ali, and built roads, public buildings, and ports along the Kerala shoreline. His trade extended to countries which included Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, France, Turkey, and Iran. Under his leadership, the Mysore army proved to be a school of military science to Indian princes. The serious blows that Tipu Sultan inflicted on the British in the First and Second Mysore Wars affected their reputation as an invincible power. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, in his Tipu Sultan Shaheed Memorial Lecture in Bangalore (30 November 1991), called Tipu Sultan the innovator of the world’s first war rocket. Two of these rockets, captured by the British at Srirangapatna, are displayed in the Woolwich Museum Artillery in London. Most of Tipu Sultan's campaigns resulted in remarkable successes. He managed to subdue all the petty kingdoms in the south. He defeated the Marathas and the Nizams several times and was also one of the few Indian rulers to have defeated British armies. The Brindavan Gardens Krishna Raja Sagara is the name of both a lake and the dam that causes it. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... Lal Bagh Botanical Garden Lal Bagh Botanical Garden is a well known botanical garden in Bangalore, India. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India), usually referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, is the President of India. ... The President of India (Hindi: Rashtrapati) is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

Religious policy

As a Muslim ruler in a largely Hindu domain, Tipu Sultan faced particular problems in establishing the legitimacy of his rule, and in reconciling his desire to be seen as a devout Islamic ruler with the need to be pragmatic to avoid antagonising the majority of his subjects.^[4] His religious legacy has become a source of considerable controversy in the subcontinent, as in Pakistan some groups proclaim him a great warrior for the faith or Ghazi, while in India some Hindu groups revile him as a bigot who massacred Hindus.^[5] There are several historians^[6] who claim that Tipu Sultan was a religious persecutor of Hindus and Christians. In 1780 CE he declared himself to be the Padishah or Emperor of Mysore, and struck coinage in his own name without reference to the reigning Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Padishah, Padshah, Padeshah, Badishah or Badshah (Persian پادشاه Pādishāh) is a very prestigious title, which is composed from the Persian words Pati master and the better-known title Shāh King, which was adopted by several Islamic monarchies claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to Christian Emperors or the...

While no eminent scholar has denied that, in common with most rulers of his period, Tipu Sultan’s campaigns were often characterized by great brutality, some historians have said that the brutality was not exclusively motivated by religion, and it did not amount to a consistent anti-Kafir policy. Brittlebank, Hasan, Chetty, Habib and Saletare, amongst others, argue that stories of Tipu Sultan's religious persecution of Hindus and Christians are largely derived from the work of early British authors such as Kirkpatrick^[7] and Wilks,^[8] whom they do not consider to be entirely reliable.^[9] A. S. Chetty argues that Wilks’ account in particular cannot be trusted,^[10] Irfan Habib and Mohibbul Hasan argues that these early British authors had a strong vested interest in presenting Tipu Sultan as a tyrant from whom the British had "liberated" Mysore.^[11] This assessment is echoed by Brittlebank in her recent work where she writes that Wilks and Kirkpatrick must be used with particular care as both authors had taken part in the wars against Tipu Sultan and were closely connected to the administrations of Lord Cornwallis and Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley.^[12] This article is about an Islamic term. ... Irfan Habib (1931- ) is a Marxist Indian historian, a professor at the Aligarh Muslim University and a former Chairman of the Indian Council for Historical Research. ... Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (December 31, 1738-October 5, 1805) was a British general and colonial governor. ... Richard Wellesley ,1st Marquess Wellesley The Most Honourable Richard Colley Wesley, later Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley (20 June 1760 - 26 September 1842), was the eldest son of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington, an Irish peer, and brother of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. ...

Mohibbul Hasan casts some doubt on the scale of the deportations and forced conversions in Coorg in particular, and says that the English versions of what happened were intended to malign Tipu Sultan, and to be used as propaganda against him. He argues that little reliance can be placed in Muslim accounts such as Kirmani’s "Nishan-e Haidari"; in their anxiety to represent the Sultan as a champion of Islam, they had a tendency to exaggerate and distort the facts: Kirmani claims that 70,000 Coorgis were converted, when forty years later the entire population of Coorg was still less than that number. According to Ramchandra Rao "Punganuri" the true number of converts was about 500.^[13] A Mogul general, known only by his initials, M.M.K.F.G., wrote an account of Tipu Sultaun's life, which was corrected by one of Tippoo's sons, wherein he asserts that the Sultan, in his wars against the Maharaja of Travancore, had 10,000 Hindus and Christians killed and 7,000 transported back to Seringapatam, where they were circumcised, made to eat beef and forced to convert to Mohammedanism. A more solid proof may be had from the destruction meted out to numerous lesser temples, especially in the Sultan's southern domains, in the late 1780s. An outstanding example of this may be seen in the ruins of the temple in the hill-fort of Dindigul which has none of the presiding deities in the sancta sanctora, besides having other reliefs disfigured.

The portrayal of Tipu Sultan as a religious bigot is disputed, and some sources suggest that he in fact often embraced religious pluralism.^[14] Tipu Sultan's treasurer was Krishna Rao, Shamaiya Iyengar was his Minister of Post and Police, his brother Ranga Iyengar was also an officer and Purnaiya held the very important post of "Mir Asaf". Moolchand and Sujan Rai were his chief agents at the Mughal court, and his chief "Peshkar", Suba Rao, was also a Hindu.^[15] There is such evidence as grant deeds, and correspondence between his court and temples, and his having donated jewelry and deeded land grants to several temples, which some claim he was compelled to do in order to make alliances with Hindu rulers. Between 1782 and 1799 Tipu Sultan issued 34 "Sanads" (deeds) of endowment to temples in his domain, while also presenting many of them with gifts of silver and gold plate. The Srikanteswara Temple in Nanjangud still possesses a jewelled cup presented by the Sultan.^[16] Shamaiya Iyengar was one of the ministers during the time of Hyder Ali, originally from Sulkunte, near Budikote in Bangarpet. ...

In 1791 some Maratha horsemen under Raghunath Rao Patwardhan raided the temple and monastery of Sringeri Shankaracharya, killing and wounding many, and plundering the monastery of all its valuable possessions. The incumbent Shankaracharya petitioned Tippu Sultan for help. A bunch of about 30 letters written in Kannada, which were exchanged between Tippu Sultan's court and the Sringeri Shankaracharya were discovered in 1916 by the Director of Archaeology in Mysore. Tippu Sultan expressed his indignation and grief at the news of the raid, and wrote: Sringeri is the site of the first matha established by the Adi Sankaracharya, the 8th century Hindu reformer and exponent of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy. ... Shankaracharya, (IAST: Śankarāchārya) is a commonly used title of heads of maţhas (monasteries) in the Advaita tradition. ... Shankaracharya, (IAST: Śankarāchārya) is a commonly used title of heads of maţhas (monasteries) in the Advaita tradition. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Sringeri is the site of the first matha established by the Adi Sankaracharya, the 8th century Hindu reformer and exponent of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy. ... Shankaracharya, (IAST: Śankarāchārya) is a commonly used title of heads of maţhas (monasteries) in the Advaita tradition. ... , For other uses, see Mysore (disambiguation). ...

"People who have sinned against such a holy place are sure to suffer the consequences of their misdeeds at no distant date in this Kali age in accordance with the verse: "Hasadbhih kriyate karma ruladbhir-anubhuyate" (People do [evil] deeds smilingly but suffer the consequences crying)."^[17]

He immediately ordered his "Asaf" of Bednur to supply the Swami with 200 "rahatis" (fanams) in cash and other gifts and articles. Tippu Sultan's interest in the Sringeri temple continued for many years, and he was still writing to the Swami in the 1790s CE.^[18] In light of this and other events, B.A. Saletare has described Tippu Sultan as a defender of the Hindu Dharma, who also patronized other temples including one at Melkote, for which he issued a Kannada decree that the Shrivaishnava invocatory verses there should be recited in the traditional form. The temple at Melkote still has gold and silver vessels with inscriptions indicating that they were presented by the Sultan. Tippu Sultan also presented four silver cups to the Lakshmikanta Temple at Kalale.^[19] Tippu Sultan does seem to have repossessed unauthorised grants of land made to Brahmins and temples, but those which had proper "sanads" were not. It was a normal practice for any ruler, Muslim or Hindu, to do on his accession or on the conquest of new territory. The fanam was a currency issued by the Madras Presidency until 1815. ... The Sanskrit word denotes the scholar/teacher, priest, caste, class (), or tribe, that has been traditionally enjoined to live a life of learning, teaching and non-possessivenes . ...

It is hard to reconcile these two very different profiles of Tippu Sultan, but the truth, it seems, lies somewhere between the two. It seems that when corresponding with other Islamic rulers such as the Amir of Afghanistan or the Ottoman Sultan, Tippu Sultan presented himself as an archetypal Islamic ruler, converting the infidel by the sword, and this was also the external image he presented to the British.^[20] The late 18th century CE was a turbulent period in South India, and it seems that, in common with the Marathas, the Nizam, the British, and the French, Tippu Sultan also sometimes instructed his army to loot, pillage and kill civilians for real or suspected disloyalty.^[21] He carried out forced conversions of Hindus and Christians.^[22] Nonetheless, in his internal policies, he was conciliatory and tolerant, patronizing Hindu temples and relying heavily on Hindu subordinates. For his royal emblem he chose the tiger, which was religiously neutral and could appeal to both Hindus and Muslims.^[23] Some historians including Surendranath Sen and H. H. Dodwell say that Tippu Sultan was neither a benevolent pioneer of religious tolerance nor a religious ideologue and Islamic fanatic, but a wily, ruthless, but above all, a pragmatic ruler operating in a time of great political instability and of constant threats to his rule coming from all sides.^[24] There are some other considerations which will help us to get a picture of Tippu Sultan. One such is his treatment of the Canara Christians. It is said that he was harsh with the Christians because they helped the British. That is true. But why did they do that? Canara was part of the Hindu kingdom of Bednur. The Christians of Canara had a deep loyalty to the Ikkeri Nayaks of Bednur and prospered under their benevolent rule. (It must be borne in mind that these Christians were third or fourth generation descendents of converts from Goa. Yet they were welcomed by the Ikkeri Nayaks). So when Hyder Ali invaded Bednur and Canara they had to choose between two imperialisms! The Raja of Soonda,deposed by Hyder Ali, requested the British to help him regain his throne. The British refused because Hyder Ali assured them of the supply of the Canara pepper. When the British finally turned against Hyder the Christians turned to the British for help. Here it must be emphasized that only a few rich merchants loaned money to the British. The poor peasants in outlying villages were far removed from any politics. Ottoman redirects here. ...

However Tippu was more of a bigot than his father. He dare not touch the Hindus who formed 90% of his subjects. And further he was surrounded by Hindu kingdoms.The Christians were a small minority and their deportation would not cause any trouble. He justified his persecution on claiming that Christianity was a "foreign" religion. ( He did not seem to be aware that St Thomas, an apostle of Christ and later some Syrian missionnaries landed in India centuries before the birth of Mohamed.)And if the Christians were traitors and unreliable how come he forcibly enlisted the Christian young men in his army? Factual proof of Tippu's bigotry can be seen in the city of Mangalore. The Mosque on Ediyah Hill was built with the stones of the demolished Milagres Church. Most of the churches in Canara were destroyed together with the Baptismal registers. Indeed christians cannot trace their ancestry beyond the fifth or sixth generations. All of which prooves that Tippu was indeed a religious fundamentalist.

Yaar Mohammad - Tippu's General

Yaar Mohammad, the right hand of Sultan Tipu, was born in 18th century, in a Muslim Rajput family to Shah Mohammad, a Sufi saint. He joined the Army of Mysore and soon became one of the favorite generals of Tippu Sultan. Seeing his patriotic and dauntless behavior, Tippu Sultan made him his Commander-in-Chief. He fought dauntlessly in the Battle of Seringapatam (1799), but after Tippu's death, and later the fall of Mysore, he had to run away. However, he managed to evade capture by the British. After the fall of Mysore, he was declared one of the most wanted Mysore officers. They tried their best to capture him, dead or alive, but couldn’t succeed. General Yaar Mohammad's family members and relatives were killed by the British, however, he, along with his father Shah Noor Mohammad and son Ilahi Baksh, escaped. They spent the rest of their lives as fugitives. General Yaar Mohammad died in early 19th century. His descendants still live in Punjab today.

Description

Alexander Beatson, who published a volume entitled "View of the Origin and Conduct of the War with the late Tippoo Sultaun" on the Fourth Mysore War, described Tippu Sultan as follows: "His stature was about five feet eight inches; he had a short neck, square shoulders, and was rather corpulent: his limbs were small, particularly his feet and hands; he had large full eyes, small arched eyebrows, and an aquiline nose; his complexion was fair, and the general expression of his countenance, not void of dignity".^{[citation needed]} The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-1799) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East-India Company under Lord Wellesley. ...

Daria Daulat Bagh

He was called the Tiger of Mysore. It is said that Tippu Sultan was hunting in the forest with a French friend. He came face to face with a tiger. His gun did not work, and his dagger fell on the ground as the tiger jumped on him. He reached for the dagger, picked it up, and killed the tiger with it. That earned him the name "the Tiger of Mysore". He had the image of a tiger on his flag. Tippu Sultan was also very fond of innovations. Alexander Beatson has mentioned that Tippu Sultan was "passionately fond of new inventions. In his palace was found a great variety of curious swords, daggers, fusils, pistols, and blunderbusses; some were of exquisite workmanship, mounted with gold, or silver, and beautifully inlaid and ornamented with tigers' heads and stripes, or with Persian and Arabic verses". Tipu's Tiger, an automaton representing a tiger attacking a European soldier, made for Tippu Sultan, is on display in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.^[25] During Tippu Sultan's reign, a new calendar, new coinage, and seven new government departments, were introduced as well as innovations in the use of rocket artillery. Image File history File linksMetadata Tippu_summer. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Tippu_summer. ... Tipus Tiger is an automaton, representing a tiger savaging a European soldier. ... The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the worlds largest and finest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4. ...

Proclamations

The following proclamations were issued by Tippu Sultan:

• "Agriculture is the life blood of the nation…" (1788 CE)
• "There can be no glory or achievement if the foundation of our palaces, roads and dams are mingled with the tears and blood of humanity…" (1789 CE)

He is quoted as having said: "It is far better to live like a Tiger for a day than to live like a jackal for a hundred years".

Early Military Career

Tippu Sultan was instructed in military tactics by French officers in the employment of his father, Hyder Ali (also spelled as "Haidar Ali"). At age 15, he accompanied his father Haidar Ali against the British in the First Mysore War in 1766. He commanded a corps of cavalry in the invasion of Carnatic in 1767 at age 16. He also distinguished himself in the First Anglo-Maratha War of 1775–1779. Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... The First Anglo-Mysore War (1766-1769) was a war in India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... // There are several theories as to the derivation of the term. ... The First Anglo-Maratha War was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the Great Britain and Maratha Empire in India. ...

Second Mysore War

Tippu Sultan led a large body of troops in the Second Mysore War, in February 1782, and defeated Braithwaite on the banks of the Kollidam. Although the British were defeated this time, Tippu Sultan realized that the British were a new kind of threat in India. Upon becoming the Sultan after his father's death later that year, he worked to check the advances of the British by making alliances with the Marathas and the Mughals. The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) was a conflict in India between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Mysore. ... Braithwaite is a village in the northern Lake District. ... The Coleroon (also Kollidam or Kolidam) is a river in southeastern India. ... For other uses, see Sultan (disambiguation). ... Extent of the Maratha Confederacy ca. ... The Mughal Empire was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent between the mid-16th century and the end of the 17th century. ...

Tippu Sultan had defeated Colonel Braithwaite at Annagudi near Tanjore on 18 February 1782. The British army, consisting of 100 Europeans, 300 cavalry, 1400 sepoys and 10 field pieces, was the standard size of the colonial armies. Tippu Sultan had seized all the guns and taken the entire detachment prisoners. In December 1781 Tippu Sultan had successfully seized Chittur from the British. Tippu Sultan had thus gained sufficient military experience by the time Haidar Ali died in December 1782. is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A sepoy (from Persian سپاهی Sipâhi meaning soldier) was a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, usually of the United Kingdom. ...

The Second Mysore War came to an end with the Treaty of Mangalore. It was the last occasion when an Indian king had dictated terms to the mighty British, and the treaty is a prestigious document in the history of India. [^[26]]

Battle of Pollilur

Mural of the Battle of Pollilur on the walls of Tippu's summer palace, painted to celebrate his triumph over the British.

The Battle of Pollilur took place in 1780 at Pollilur near the city of Kanchipuram. It was a part of the second Anglo-Mysore war. Tippu Sultan was dispatched by Haidar Ali with 10,000 men and 18 guns to intercept Colonel Baillie who was on his way to join Sir Hector Munro. Out of 360 Europeans, about 200 were captured alive, and the sepoys, who were about 3800 men, suffered very high casualties. Sir Hector Munro, the victor of the Battle of Buxar, who had earlier defeated three Indian rulers (the Mughal emperor Shah Alam, the Nawab of Oudh Shuja-ud-daula, and the Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim) in a single battle, was forced to retreat to Madras, abandoning his artillery in the tank of Kanchipuram. ^[27] Image File history File links Battle_of_pollilur. ... Image File history File links Battle_of_pollilur. ... Salle des illustres, ceiling painting, by Jean André Rixens. ... Combatants Army of the East India Company ‎ Kingdom of Mysore Commanders William Baille Tipu Sultan Strength approx. ... Combatants Bengal, British East India Company Commanders Mir Kasim, Hector Munro Strength 40,000 infantry, 18,000 infantry, Casualties high low Battle of Buxar (October 1764) was a significant battle fought between the forces under the command of the British East India Company on the one side, and the combined... Motto: Indah Bestari (English: Beautiful,Brilliant) Location in Malaysia Country Malaysia State Selangor Establishment November 1978 Government  - Mayor Dato Ramlan Bin Othman Area  - City 290. ... The Nawabs of Awadh, who governed the state of Awadh in India in the 18th and 19th century, are as follows: Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk 1722-1738 Safdar Jang Mansur Khan 1738-1753 Shuja-ud-Daula 1753-1774 Asaf-ud-Daula 1774-1797 Wazir Ali (Nawab) 1797-1798 Saadat... Shuja-ud-Daula (also known as Shuja) The ruler of the region that lies between the river Ganga and Yamuna (also called Jamuna) around 1761. ... siraj-ud-daula was the last independent nawab of bengal, he lost his state bengal to mir Quasim because he was busy in his luxurious life of a king ... Mir Qasim (d. ... Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ... , Kanchipuram, Kanchi, or Kancheepuram (also sometimes Conjeevaram) is a city and a municipality in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ...

Fourth Mysore War

"The Last Effort and Fall of Tippoo Sultaun" by Henry Singleton c 1800.

After Horatio Nelson had defeated Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile in Egypt in 1798 CE, three armies, one from Bombay, and two British (one of which included Arthur Wellesley, the future first Duke of Wellington), marched into Mysore in 1799 and besieged the capital Srirangapatnam in the Fourth Mysore War. There were over 26,000 soldiers of the British East India Company comprising about 4000 Europeans and the rest Indians. A column was supplied by the Nizam of Hyderabad consisting of ten battalions and over 16,000 cavalry, and many soldiers were sent by the Marathas. Thus the soldiers in the British force numbered over 50,000 soldiers whereas Tippu Sultan had only about 30,000 soldiers. The British broke through the city walls, and Tippu Sultan died defending his capital on May 4. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (900x722, 118 KB)source: http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (900x722, 118 KB)source: http://www. ... Lord Nelson Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (September 29, 1758 – October 21, 1805) was a British admiral who won fame as a leading naval commander. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson François-Paul Brueys DAigalliers† Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... Italic text His Grace Field Marshal the Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... Arms of Dukes of Wellington The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-1799) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East-India Company under Lord Wellesley. ... Combatants United Kingdom Kingdom of Mysore Commanders General George Harris Tipu Sultan † Strength 50,000 30,000 Casualties 1,400 6,000 In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, the Battle of Seringapatam was the final confrontation between the British and Tipu Sultan, the Tiger of Mysore, who was... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The mausoleum housing Tippu's tomb. Tippu's flag is in the foreground.

The tomb of Tippu Sultan at Srirangapatna. Tippu's tomb is in the foreground and on the sides are his parents'

Place on the banks on Cauvery River in Srirangapatnam where Tippu’s body was found. Presently it is a protected monument by Archeological Survey of India.

A close-up view of the battleground where Tippu’s body was found. The plaque was placed by the archaeological department.

An info board at Tippu’s death site narrating (in Kannada (top), English and Hindi (bottom) ) the last moments of Tippu.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 134 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, Prakash Subbarao, took this image of Gymbaz at Srirangapatna on 23rd June 2007. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 134 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, Prakash Subbarao, took this image of Gymbaz at Srirangapatna on 23rd June 2007. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 613 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 701 pixel, file size: 166 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, Prakash Subbarao, took this image of Tipu Sultans tomb at Srirangapatna on 23rd June 2007. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 613 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 701 pixel, file size: 166 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, Prakash Subbarao, took this image of Tipu Sultans tomb at Srirangapatna on 23rd June 2007. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... The Archaeological Survey of India is an Indian government agency in the Department of Culture that is responsible for archaeological studies and the preservation of cultural monuments. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Hindi (DevanāgarÄ«: or , IAST: , IPA:  ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the 22 official languages of India and is used, along with English, for central government administrative purposes. ...

Rocket Artillery in War

A military tactic developed by Tippu Sultan and his father, Haidar Ali was the use of mass attacks with rocket brigades on infantry formations. Tippu Sultan wrote a military manual called Fathul Mujahidin in which 200 rocket men were prescribed to each Mysorean "cushoon" (brigade). Mysore had 16 to 24 cushoons of infantry. The areas of town where rockets and fireworks were manufactured were known as Taramandal Pet ("Galaxy Market"). Military tactics is the collective name for methods of engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... This article is about vehicles powered by rocket engines. ...

The rocket men were trained to launch their rockets at an angle calculated from the diameter of the cylinder and the distance of the target. In addition, wheeled rocket launchers capable of launching five to ten rockets almost simultaneously were used in war. Rockets could be of various sizes, but usually consisted of a tube of soft hammered iron about 8" long and 1½ - 3" diameter, closed at one end and strapped to a shaft of bamboo about 4ft. long. The iron tube acted as a combustion chamber and contained well packed black powder propellant. A rocket carrying about one pound of powder could travel almost 1,000 yards. In contrast, rockets in Europe not being iron cased, could not take large chamber pressures and as a consequence, were not capable of reaching distances anywhere near as great.^[28]

Haidar Ali's father, the Naik or chief constable at Budikote, commanded 50 rocketmen for the Nawab of Arcot. There was a regular Rocket Corps in the Mysore Army, beginning with about 1200 men in Haidar Ali's time. At the Battle of Pollilur (1780), during the Second Anglo-Mysore War, Colonel William Braille's ammunition stores are thought to have been detonated by a hit from one of Haidar Ali's Mysore rockets resulting in a humiliating British defeat. Budikote or the Fort of Ash is a small village situated in Bangarpet Taluk of Kolar District in Karnataka state of India. ... Nawabs of the Carnatic (also referred to as the Nawabs of Arcot), ruled the Carnatic region of South India between c. ... Combatants Army of the East India Company ‎ Kingdom of Mysore Commanders William Baille Tipu Sultan Strength approx. ... The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) was a conflict in India between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Mysore. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ...

In the Third Anglo-Mysore War of 1792, there is mention of two rocket units fielded by Tipu Sultan, 120 men and 131 men respectively. Lt. Col. Knox was attacked by rockets near Srirangapatna on the night of 6 February 1792, while advancing towards the Kaveri river from the north. The Rocket Corps ultimately reached a strength of about 5000 in Tipu Sultan's army. Mysore rockets were also used for ceremonial purposes. When the Jacobin Club of Mysore sent a delegation to Tippu Sultan, 500 rockets were launched as part of the gun salute. The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789-1792) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... It has been suggested that Jacobin/Sandbox be merged into this article or section. ...

During the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, rockets were again used on several occasions. One of these involved Colonel Arthur Wellesley, later famous as the First Duke of Wellington and the hero of Waterloo. Arthur Wellesley was defeated by Tipu's Diwan, Purnaiya at the Battle of Sultanpet Tope. Quoting Forrest, The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company under Lord Wellesley. ... Italic text His Grace Field Marshal the Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... Arms of Dukes of Wellington The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Many things bear the name Waterloo. ...

"At this point (near the village of Sultanpet, Figure 5) there was a large tope, or grove, which gave shelter to Tipu's rocketmen and had obviously to be cleaned out before the siege could be pressed closer to Seringapatam island. The commander chosen for this operation was Col. Wellesley, but advancing towards the tope after dark on the 5 April 1799, he was set upon with rockets and musket-fires, lost his way and, as Beatson politely puts it, had to "postpone the attack" until a more favourable opportunity should offer. Wellesley's failure was glossed over by Beatson and other chroniclers, but the next morning he failed to report when a force was being paraded to renew the attack.^[29]

"On 22 April [1799], twelve days before the main battle, rocketeers worked their way around to the rear of the British encampment, then 'threw a great number of rockets at the same instant' to signal the beginning of an assault by 6,000 Indian infantry and a corps of Frenchmen, all directed by Mir Golam Hussain and Mohomed Hulleen Mir Mirans. The rockets had a range of about 1,000 yards. Some burst in the air like shells. Others

called ground rockets, on striking the ground, would rise again and bound along in a serpentine motion until their force was spent. According to one British observer, a young English officer named Bayly:

"So pestered were we with the rocket boys that there was no moving without danger from the destructive missiles ...". He continued: "The rockets and musketry from 20,000 of the enemy were incessant. No hail could be thicker. Every illumination of blue lights was accompanied by a shower of rockets, some of which entered the head of the column, passing through to the rear, causing death, wounds, and dreadful lacerations from the long bamboos of twenty or thirty feet, which are invariably attached to them'."

During the conclusive British attack on Seringapatam on 2 May 1799, a British shot struck a magazine of rockets within the Tipu Sultan's fort causing it to explode and send a towering cloud of black smoke, with cascades of exploding white light, rising up from the battlements. On the afternoon of 4 May when the final attack on the fort was led by Baird, he was again met by "furious musket and rocket fire", but this did not help much; in about an hour's time the Fort was taken; perhaps in another hour Tipu had been shot (the precise time of his death is not known), and the war was effectively over.^[30] Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... is the 122nd day of the year (123rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

After the fall of Seringapatam, 600 launchers, 700 serviceable rockets and 9,000 empty rockets were found. Some of the rockets had pierced cylinders, to allow them to act like incendiaries, while some had iron points or steel blades bound to the bamboo. By attaching these blades to rockets they became very unstable towards the end of their flight causing the blades to spin around like flying scythes, cutting down all in their path.

These experiences eventually led to the Royal Woolwich Arsenal's beginning a military rocket R&D program in 1801, their first demonstration of solid-fuel rockets in 1805 and publication of A Concise Account of the Origin and Progress of the Rocket System in 1807 by William Congreve ^[31], son of the arsenal's commandant. Congreve rockets were soon systematically used by the British during the Napoleonic Wars and their confrontation with the US during 1812-14. These descendants of Mysore rockets find mention in the Star Spangled Banner. The Royal Arsenal, originally known as the Woolwich Arsenal, carried out armaments manufacture, ammunition proofing and explosives research. ... The phrase research and development (also R and D or R&D) has a special commercial significance apart from its conventional coupling of research and technological development. ... The Space Shuttle Columbia is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... William Congreve Sir William Congreve (May 20, 1772-May 16, 1828), was an English inventor and rocket pioneer. ... The Congreve Rocket was a British weapon designed by William Congreve in 1804. ... Nicholson took the copy Key gave him to a printer, where it was published as a broadside on September 17 under the title The Defence of Fort McHenry, with an explanatory note explaining the circumstances of its writing. ...

Jacobin Club in Mysore

Tippu Sultan was a founder-member of the Jacobin Club. While accepting the membership, he said of France, "Behold my acknowledgement of the standard of your country, which is dear to me, and to which I am allied; it shall always be supported in my country, as it has been in the Republic, my sister!". He was named as "Citizen Tippu Sultan", It has been suggested that Jacobin/Sandbox be merged into this article or section. ...

In fiction

• In Jules Verne's Mysterious Island, Captain Nemo is described as a nephew of Tippu Sultan.
• Tippu Sultan's life and adventures were the central theme of a short-running South Indian television series "The Adventures of Tipu Sultan", and of a more popular national television series "The Sword of Tipu Sultan".
• Naseem Hijazi's novels Muazam Ali and Aur Talwar Toot Gaye (And The Sword Broke) describe Tippu Sultan's wars.
• Wilkie Collins novel The Moonstone contains an account of Tippu Sultan and the Fall of Seringapatam in the prologue.
• In The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen by Rudolf Erich Raspe, Munchausen vanquishes Tippoo near the end of the novel.
• Sharpe's Tiger is a novel in which Napoleonic soldier Richard Sharpe fights at the Battle of Seringapatam, later killing the Tipu Sultan.

This article is about the French author. ... Cover page of the Mysterious Island Map of Lincoln Island Mysterious Island (LÃŽle mystérieuse) is a novel by the French writer Jules Verne, published in 1874. ... Captain Nemo is a fictional character featured in Jules Vernes novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870) and The Mysterious Island (1874). ... South India is a geographic and linguistic-cultural region of India. ... The Sword of Tipu Sultan was a very sucessful television serial that was first broadcast on the Doordarshan channel in India in the year 1990. ... Naseem Hijazi (Urdu: نسیم حجازی) is a Pakistani Urdu writer who is famous for his Urdu history novels. ... Wilkie Collins William Wilkie Collins (8 January 1824 – 23 September 1889) was an English novelist, playwright, and writer of short stories. ... For other uses, see Moonstone. ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... Karl Friedrich Hieronymus, Baron von Münchhausen (May 11, 1720 - February 22, German nobleman who in his youth was sent to serve as page to Anton Ulrich and later joined the Turks. ... Rudolf Erich Raspe (1736 - 1794) was a German librarian, writer and rogue. ... Sharpes Tiger is Bernard Cornwells return to Richard Sharpe during his sojourn in India. ... Richard Sharpe is the central character in Bernard Cornwells Sharpe which also formed the basis for the Sharpe television series, where the eponymous character was played by Sean Bean. ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (British called it Seringapatam) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ...

Family and Descendants

Tippu Sultan had four wives and 25 other consorts, by whom he had 16 sons and at least 8 daughters, including:

1. Shahzada Hyder Ali Sultan Sahib (1771-30 July 1815), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...

2. Shahzada Abdul Khaliq Sultan Sahib (1782-12 September 1806, desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

3. Shahzada Muhi-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1782-30 September 1811), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ...

4. Shahzada Muiz-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1783-30 March 1818), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

5. Shahzada Miraj-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1784?-?) The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

6. Shahzada Muin-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1784?-?) The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

7. Shahzada Muhammad Yasin Sultan Sahib (1784-15 March 1849), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1849 (MDCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

8. Shahzada Muhammad Subhan Sultan Sahib (1785-27 September 1845), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

9. Shahzada Muhammad Shukru'llah Sultan Sahib (1785-25 September 1837), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

10. Shahzada Sarwar-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1790-20 October 1833), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... Year 1790 (MDCCXC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

11. Shahzada Muhammad Nizam-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1791-20 October 1791) The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

12. Shahzada Muhammad Jamal-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1795-13 November 1842), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

13. Shahzada Munir-ud-din Sultan Sahib (1795-1 December 1837), desc The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

14. His Highness Shahzada Sir Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib, KCSI (March 1795-11 August 1872), desc Highness, often used with a personal possessive pronoun (His/Her/Your Highness, the first two abbreviated HH) and/or an adjective referring to the rank of the dynasty (e. ... The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... Look up sir in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The article is about the order of chivalry known as Star of India. For other items of the same name, please see disambiguation at Star of India. ... For other uses, see March (disambiguation). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

15. Shahzada Ghulam Ahmad Sultan Sahib (1796-11 April 1824) The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... Year 1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

16. Shahzada.............Sultan Sahib (1797-1797) The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Tippu Sultan's family was sent to Calcutta by the British. Noor Inayat Khan, who was a major in the British Indian army, is said to be one of Tippu Sultan's descendants who died in France under German occupation. Noor Inayat Khan Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan, GC, MBE, (January 1, 1914, Moscow - September 13, 1944, Dachau concentration camp), usually known as Noor Inayat Khan, was a British Special Operations Executive agent in World War II of Indian origin and the first female radio operator to be sent into...

Sword of Tippu Sultan

Tippu Sultan had lost his sword in a war with the Nairs of Travancore in which he was defeated. The Maharaja, Dharma Raja, gave the sword to the Nawab of Arcot, from where the sword went to London. The sword was on display at the Wallace Collection, No. 1 Manchester Square, London. At an auction in London in 2004, the industrialist-politician Vijay Mallya purchased the sword of Tippu Sultan and some other historical artifacts, and brought them back to India for public display after nearly two centuries. This article is about a Hindu caste. ... Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാംകൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാങ്കോട് []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ... Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal [1] Rama Varma was a king of Travancore(1733-1798) (ME 899-973) from 1758 -1798. ... , Arcot (Tamil: ஆற்காடு) is a city and a municipality in Vellore district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... An auctioneer and her assistants scan the crowd for bidders An auction is a process of buying and selling goods by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the winning bidder. ... Vijay Mallya (Kannada: ವಿಜಯ ಮಲ್ಯ) (born December 18, 1955) is an Indian businessman and Rajya Sabha MP. The son of industrialist Vittal Mallya, he is the Chairman of the United Breweries Group and Kingfisher Airlines, which draws its name from United Breweries Groups flagship beer brand, Kingfisher. ...

Further reading

• Robert Home, Select Views in Mysore: The Country of Tipu Sultan from Drawings Taken on the Spot by Mr. Home, Asian Educational Services,India, ISBN-10: 8120615123

• George Taylor, Coins of Tipu Sultan, Asian Educational Services,India, ISBN-10: 8120605039

• Lewin Bowring, Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan and the Struggle with the Musalman Powers of the South, Asian Educational Services,India, ISBN-10: 812061299X

• Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan and the Struggle with the Mohammadan Powers of the South, Cosmo (Publications,India), ISBN-10: 8177554352

• Hasan Mohibbul, History of Tipu Sultan,Aakar Books, ISBN-10: 8187879572

• Hasan Mohibbul, Tipu Sultan's Mission to Constantinople,Aakar Books, ISBN-10: 8187879564

• Irfan Habib,State and Diplomacy Under Tipu Sultan: Documents and Essays, Manohar Publishers and Distributors, ISBN-10: 818522952X

• Confronting Colonialism: Resistance and Modernization Under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan (Anthem South Asian Studies), Anthem Press, ISBN-10: 1843310244

• Gidwani Bhagwan S. The Sword of Tipu Sultan: The Life and Legend of Tipu Sultan of India, Allied Publishers 1978

• Robin Wigington, Firearms of Tipu Sultan,1783-99, J.Taylor Book Ventures, ISBN-10: 1871224136

• Mohammad Moienuddin, Sunset at Srirangapatam: After the death of Tipu Sultan, Orient Longman, ISBN-10: 8125019197

• Samuel Strandberg, Tipu Sultan: The Tiger of Mysore : or, to fight against the odds, AB Samuel Travel, ISBN-10: 9163073331

• Shamsu Agha, Tipu Sultan", "Mirza Ghalib in London";, "Flight Delayed", Paperback, ISBN-10: 0901974420

• B Sheik Ali, Tippu Sultan, Nyasanal Buk Trast, ISBN-10: B0000D7EYZ

• Sayyid Amjad °Ali Ashahri, Savanih Tipu Sultan, Himaliyah Buk Ha®us, ISBN-10: B0000E7D9O

• Sajjad Hashimi, Tipu Sultan, Maktabah-yi Urdu Da®ijast, ISBN-10: B0000E7D9T

• Anne Buddle, Tigers Round the Throne, Zamana Gallery, ISBN-10: 1869933028

• Richard Hamilton Campbell, Tippoo Sultan: The fall of Seringapatam and the restoration of the Hindu raj, Govt. Press, ISBN-10: B0000CQQQ7

• P.Chinnian, Tipu Sultan the Great, Siva Publications, ISBN-10: B0000CQCC5

• B. N Pande, Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan: Evaluation of their religious policies (IOS series), Institute of Objective Studies, ISBN-10: B0000CP9E3

• Mahmud Khan Mahmud Banglori, Sahifah-yi Tipu Sultan, Hamalayah Pablishing Ha°us, ISBN-10: B0000CRNMH

• Faiz °Alam Siddiqi, Sultan Tipu Shahid, Buk Karnar, ISBN-10: B0000CROC4

• Kate Brittlebank, Tipu Sultan's Search for Legitimacy: Islam and Kingship in a Hindu Domain, OUP India, ISBN-10: 0195639774

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Biograpy at nationalgalleries.org.uk
• Review of Tipu Sultan:Villain or Hero? - IndiaStar Review of Books
• Biography
• Dedicated to life and works of Tipu Sultan
• Tipu Sultan Portal
• Rule of Tipu Sultan
• Bangalore best
• Bharath Rakshak
• India history
• The Sword of Tippu Sultan

• The Tiger of Mysore - Dramatised account of the British campaign against Tipu Sultan by G. A. Henty, from Project Gutenberg