Titan family
The Titan rocket family.
Type	Expendable launch system with various applications
Manufacturer	Glenn L. Martin Company
Maiden flight	1958-12-20[1]
Introduction	1959
Retired	2005
Primary users	United States Air Force National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Produced	1957-2000s
Number built	368
Unit cost	US$250-350 million
Variants	Titan I Titan II Titan IIIB Titan III Titan IV

Titan was a family of U.S. expendable rockets used between 1959 and 2005. A total of 368 rockets of this family were launched. Drawing - Titan missile family. ... An expendable launch system or expendable launch vehicle, ELV, is a single-use launch vehicle usually used to launch a payload into space. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ... Jan. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... “The U.S. Air Force” redirects here. ... NASA Logo Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-09-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... The Titan I was the United States first true multistage ICBM. It was the first in a series of Titan rockets, but was unique among them in that it used LOX and RP-1 as its fuels, while the later versions all used storable fuels instead. ... Titan II launch vehicle launching Gemini 11 (Sept. ... Titan IIIB was the collective name for a number of derivatives of the Titan II ICBM and Titan III launch vehicle, modified by the addition of an Agena upper stage. ... The Titan IIIC is a space booster used by the United States Air Force. ... The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB) of space boosters were used by the US Air Force. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... An expendable launch system or expendable launch vehicle, ELV, is a single-use launch vehicle usually used to launch a payload into space. ... This article is about vehicles powered by rocket engines. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Titan I

The Titan I was the first version of the Titan family of rockets. It began as a backup ICBM project in case the Atlas was delayed. It was a two-stage rocket powered by Rocket Propellant-1 and Liquid Oxygen. Using RP-1 and LOX meant that the Titan I did not have a quick launch sequence. It took about fifteen minutes to load LOX on the first missile at a complex, raise it topside and launch it, with the other two missiles following at about eight minute intervals. Titan I was operational from early 1962 to mid-1965. The Titan I was the United States first true multistage ICBM. It was the first in a series of Titan rockets, but was unique among them in that it used LOX and RP-1 as its fuels, while the later versions all used storable fuels instead. ... A Minuteman III missile soars after a test launch. ... Atlas missile launch from Cape Canaveral in 1957 Atlas was a missile built by the Convair Division of General Dynamics. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Titan I Missile Units

• 568th Strategic Missile Squadron, Larson AFB, Moses Lake, WA
• 569th Strategic Missile Squadron, Mt Home AFB, Mt Home, ID
• 851st Strategic Missile Squadron, Beale AFB, Marysville, CA
• 850th Strategic Missile Squadron, Ellsworth AFB, Rapid City, SD
• 451st Strategic Missile Wing (formerly 703rd) Lowry AFB, Denver, CO

Larson AFB, Washington, Grant County, Washington B-52 pilots view on final for Larsons 13,500 foot primary runway. ... Beale Air Force Base is a base located in Yuba County, California. ... Ellsworth Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base, located about 7 miles east of Rapid City, South Dakota and is home to the B-1B Lancer. ... Lowry Air Force Base, formerly located in the cities of Aurora and Denver, Colorado, was the site of a United States Air Force training base that was heavily involved with the training of United States Army Air Forces bomber crews during World War II. It was permanently closed in 1994. ...

Titan II

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM)

Most Titan rockets were derivatives of the Titan II ICBM. The Titan II ICBM had one W-53 warhead with a 9 megaton yield, making it the most powerful ICBM on-standby in the US nuclear arsenal. All of the ICBM Titan II missile sites have been decommissioned since 1987 but the Titan Missile Museum south of Tucson, Arizona has preserved one silo. Titan II launch vehicle launching Gemini 11 (Sept. ... A Minuteman III missile soars after a test launch. ... The casing of a W-53 nuclear warhead. ... // The explosive yield of a nuclear weapon is the amount of energy discharged when the weapon is detonated, expressed usually in the equivalent mass of trinitrotoluene (TNT), either in kilotons (thousands of tons of TNT) or megatons (million of tons of TNT), but sometimes also in terajoules (1 kiloton of... An ICBM loaded into the silo of the Titan Missile Museum The Titan Missile Museum is run by the Arizona Aerospace Foundation and is located in Green Valley in the U.S. state of Arizona ( ). It is located roughly 20 km south of Tucson and features a Titan II intercontinental... Tucson (pronounced ) is the seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles (98 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. ...

Space launch vehicles

The Titan II was a hypergolicly-fueled two-stage ICBM that was used by the U.S. Air Force from the mid 1960s to the mid 1980s. In the late 80s some of the deactivated Titan IIs were converted into space launch vehicles to be used launching U.S. Government payloads. The final such vehicle launched a DMSP weather satellite from Vandenberg AFB on October 18, 2003 [1]. Titan IIs were also used to launch two U.S. unmanned Gemini and ten manned Gemini capsules in the mid 1960s. Hypergolic rocket fuels spontaneously ignite when their two components come into contact with each other. ... Seal of the Air Force. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969. ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) monitors meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics for the United States Department of Defense An artists impression showing one of the Block 5D-2 spacecraft in orbit. ... Vandenberg Air Force Base is a base with a spaceport, located in Santa Barbara County, California. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gemini may refer to In astronomy: Gemini (constellation), one of the constellations of the zodiac Gemini (astrology), the astrological sign Project Gemini, the second US manned spaceflight program Gemini Observatory, northern and southern hemisphere twin large telescopes In film and television: Gemini (2002 film), a Tamil film starring Vikram and... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Titan III

The Titan III was a modified Titan II with optional solid rocket boosters. It was developed by the U.S. Air Force as a heavy-lift satellite launcher to be used mainly to launch U.S. military payloads such as DSP early-warning, intelligence (spy), and defense communications satellites. One variant, the Titan IIIE, was also used to launch some NASA scientific probes such as the Voyagers to the outer planets and the Viking landers to Mars using the Centaur upper stage. The Titan IIIB and its variants (23B, 24B, 33B, and 34B) were Titan III cores with an Agena D upper stage. This combination was used to launch the KH-8 GAMBIT series of spy satellites. They were all launched from Vandenberg AFB, CA, into polar orbits. The payload was about 7,500 lb (3,000 kg). The Titan IIIC is a space booster used by the United States Air Force. ... NASA Image of the final solid rocket booster (right) being mated to a Delta II rocket (blue). ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (IPA [ˈnæsə]) is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nations public space program. ... Voyager Project redirects here. ... Viking mission profile. ... Titan IIIB was the collective name for a number of derivatives of the Titan II ICBM and Titan III launch vehicle, modified by the addition of an Agena upper stage. ... The Agena was a rocket upper stage developed by Lockheed for the ill-fated WS-117L US reconnaissance satellite program. ... The KH-8, codenamed Gambit was a long-lived series of reconnaissance satellites used by the United States from July 1966 to April 1984. ... Vandenberg Air Force Base is a base with a spaceport, located in Santa Barbara County, California. ...

Titan IV

The Titan IV is a stretched Titan III with non-optional solid rocket boosters. It could be launched either with the Centaur upper stage, with the IUS (Inertial Upper Stage) or without any upper stage. It was almost exclusively used to launch U.S. Military payloads, though it was also used to launch NASA's Cassini probe to Saturn in 1997. Titan IV was the most powerful unmanned rocket in the United States, and was extremely expensive to operate. By the time the Titan IV was operational the requirements of the Department of Defence for a heavy booster had declined due to improvements in the longevity of military satellites. As a result when including the cost of ground operations and facilities for the Titan IV at Vandenburg the unit cost was very high. The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB) of space boosters were used by the US Air Force. ... Model of Centaur with Surveyor as payload. ... The Galileo spacecraft and its attached Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) booster being deployed after being launched by the Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-34 mission The Inertial Upper Stage or IUS is a two-stage solid-fueled booster rocket developed by NASA and the U.S. Air Force for... This is an artists concept of Cassini during the Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) maneuver, just after the main engine has begun firing. ... Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 140 kPa Hydrogen >93% Helium >5% Methane 0. ...

Rocket fuel

Liquid oxygen is dangerous to use in an enclosed space, such as a missile silo, and cannot be stored for long periods in the booster oxidizer tank. Several Atlas and Titan I rockets exploded and destroyed their silos. The Martin Company was able to improve the design with the Titan II. The RP-1/LOX combination was replaced by a room-temperature fuel whose oxidizer did not require cryogenic storage. The same first stage rocket engines were used with some modifications. The diameter of the second stage was increased to match the first stage. The Titan II's hypergolic fuel ignites on contact, and is highly toxic and corrosive. There were several accidents in Titan II silos resulting in loss of life. In August 1965, 53 construction workers were killed when hydraulic fluid used in the Titan II caught fire in a missile silo northwest of Searcy, Arkansas. The liquid fuel missiles were prone to developing leaks of their toxic propellants. Nine airmen were killed at a site outside Rock, KS in the late 1970s when a siloed missile leaked propellant. Later, another site, at Potwin, KS, leaked fuel and was closed but there were no fatalities. In September 1980, at another Arkansas Titan II silo near Damascus a technician dropped a wrench which broke the skin of the missile. Leaking rocket fuel ignited and blew the 8,000 lb nuclear warhead out of the silo; it landed several hundred feet away.^[2] This marked the beginning of the end for the Titan II as an ICBM. The 54 Titan II's were replaced in the U.S. arsenal by 50 MX Peacekeeper solid fuel missiles in late 1980s. 54 Titan IIs were fielded along with some 1000 Minutemen from the mid-1960s through the mid-1980s. Most of the decommissioned Titan II ICBMs were refurbished and used for space launch vehicles, with a perfect launch success record. A missile silo is a underground vertical cylindrical container for the storage and launching of ICBMs. ... The B-26 Marauder, a bomber produced by Martin during World War II. The Glenn L. Martin Company was an aircraft company founded by aviation pioneer Glenn L. Martin on August 16, 1912. ... Cryogenics is the study of very low temperatures or the production of the same, and is often confused with cryobiology, the study of the effect of low temperatures on organisms, or the study of cryopreservation. ... Searcy (local pronunciation: SUR see) is the largest city and county seatGR6 of White County, Arkansas, United States. ... Damascus is a town located in northern Arkansas, with portions in Faulkner County and Van Buren County. ... Test launch of a Peacekeeper ICBM by the 576 Flight Test Squadron, Vandenberg AFB, CA (USAF) The LG-118A Peacekeeper was a land-based ICBM deployed by the United States starting in 1986. ... Solid fuel is a term given to various types of solid material that provide energy. ... The LGM-30 Minuteman is a United States nuclear missile, a land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). ...

Current status of Titans

The last Titan rocket launched, a Titan IV B

As of 2006, the Titan family of rockets are obsolete. The high cost of hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide, along with the special care that was needed due to their toxicity, proved too much compared to the higher-performance liquid hydrogen or RP-1-fueled vehicles. The current owners of the Titan line (Lockheed-Martin) decided to extend their Atlas family of rockets instead of the more expensive Titans, along with joint ventures to sell launches on the Russian Proton and the new Boeing-built Delta IV class of medium and heavy-lift launch vehicles. The second-to-last Titan launched successfully from Cape Canaveral on April 29, 2005. The final Titan launched successfully from Vandenberg on October 19, 2005, carrying a secret payload for the National Reconnaissance Office. There are approximately twenty Titan IIs at AMARC in Tucson, Arizona set to be scrapped. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 521 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,008 × 1,960 pixels, file size: 455 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The last Titan rocket to be launched. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 521 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,008 × 1,960 pixels, file size: 455 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The last Titan rocket to be launched. ... Hydrazine is the chemical compound with formula N2H4. ... Nitrogen tetroxide (or Dinitrogen tetroxide) (N2O4) is a hypergolic propellant often used in combination with a hydrazine-based rocket fuel. ... Liquid hydrogen is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. ... RP-1 (alternately, Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used in the United States as a rocket fuel. ... Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) is a leading multinational aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology company formed in 1995 by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta. ... Mercury Atlas 9 rocket and capsule on pad The Atlas is a venerable line of space launch vehicles built by Lockheed Martin. ... The Proton (Прото́н) rocket (formal designation: UR-500, also known as D-1/ D-1e or SL-12/SL-13) is a Russian unmanned space vehicle design, first launched in 1965. ... The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661) is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William Edward Boeing. ... The Delta family of rockets is used in an expendable launch system that has provided space launch capability for the United States since 1960. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is one of the 16 intelligence agencies in the U.S. It designs, builds and operates the reconnaissance satellites of the United States government. ... Welcome sign at AMARC. Boeing 707s being used for salvage parts for the C-135 airframe at AMARC. The Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG) is an aircraft storage and maintenance facility at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, Arizona. ... Tucson (pronounced ) is the seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles (98 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. ...

Specifications

For the specifications, please see the articles on each variant.

Notes

1. ^ Barton, Rusty (2003-11-18). Titan 1 Chronology. Titan 1 ICBM History Website. Geocities.com. Retrieved on 2005-06-05.
2. ^ "Light on the Road to Damascus" Time magazine, September 29, 1980 accessed September 12, 2006

Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... GeoCities is a free webhosting service founded by David Bohnett in late 1994 as Beverly Hills Internet. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Video of a Titan II missile launch
• Video of a Titan I missile launch
• Photo of the last Titan launch, at the APOD archive. See also [2]
• Titan missiles & variations

The Astronomy Picture of the Day (or APOD) website is a service provided by NASA. According to the website, Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. ...

Related content

Designation sequence

• Titan I - II - IIIB - III - IV

Related lists

• List of missiles

The Titan I was the United States first true multistage ICBM. It was the first in a series of Titan rockets, but was unique among them in that it used LOX and RP-1 as its fuels, while the later versions all used storable fuels instead. ... Titan II launch vehicle launching Gemini 11 (Sept. ... Titan IIIB was the collective name for a number of derivatives of the Titan II ICBM and Titan III launch vehicle, modified by the addition of an Agena upper stage. ... The Titan IIIC is a space booster used by the United States Air Force. ... The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB) of space boosters were used by the US Air Force. ... Below is a list of (links to pages on) missiles, sorted alphabetically by name. ...