Properties

Titanium(IV) oxide
General
Name	Titanium(IV) oxide
Chemical formula	TiO2
Appearance	White solid
Physical titanium(IV) oxide This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ... titanium(IV) oxide This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... For alternative meanings, see color (disambiguation). ...
Formula weight	79.9 amu
Melting point	~2103 K (1830 °C)
Boiling point	~2773 K (2500 °C)
Density	4.2 ×103 kg/m3
Crystal structure	rutile
Solubility	insoluble
Thermochemistry ... The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The title of this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The degree Celsius (°C or ℃ (Unicode 0x2103)) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ... The title of this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The degree Celsius (°C or ℃ (Unicode 0x2103)) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... The international prototype, made of platinum-iridium, which is kept at the BIPM under conditions specified by the 1st CGPM in 1889. ... The metre, or meter, is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International dUnités). ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ...
ΔfH0gas	-249 kJ/mol
ΔfH0liquid	-879 kJ/mol
ΔfH0solid	-944 kJ/mol
S0solid	51 J/mol·K
Safety The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of that substance from its component elements, at their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 25 degrees Celsius and 100 kilopascals). ... The joule (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI base unit of the amount of particulate substance. ... The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of that substance from its component elements, at their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 25 degrees Celsius and 100 kilopascals). ... The joule (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI base unit of the amount of particulate substance. ... The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of that substance from its component elements, at their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 25 degrees Celsius and 100 kilopascals). ... The joule (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI base unit of the amount of particulate substance. ... In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under conditions of standard temperature and pressure. ... The joule (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI base unit of the amount of particulate substance. ... The title of this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
Ingestion	Low hazard for accidental ingestion.
Inhalation	Irritating, dangerous in the long term.
Skin	Low hazard.
Eyes	Low hazard.
More info	Hazardous Chemical Database
SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. The International System of Units (abbreviated SI from the French phrase, Système International dUnités) is the most widely used system of units. ... Temperature and air pressure can vary from one place to another on the Earth, and can also vary in the same place with time. ... Disclaimer and references This page refers to the data given in chemical compound property tables. ...

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO₂. An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ...

Titanium dioxide occurs in four forms:

• rutile, a tetragonal mineral usually of prismatic habit, often twinned;
• anatase or octahedrite, a tetragonal mineral of octahedral habit; and
• brookite, an orthorhombic mineral. Both octahedrite and brookite are relatively rare minerals.
• Titanium dioxide (B) or TiO₂(B), a monoclinic mineral.

Pure titanium dioxide does not occur in nature but is derived from ilmenite or leuxocene ores. It is also readily mined in one of the purest forms, rutile beach sand. Rutile in trellis texture characteristic of secondary rutile. ... Other uses: Quadrilateral (disambiguation) In geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides and four vertices. ... Anatase is one of the three mineral forms of titanium dioxide. ... Brookite is a mineral consisting of titanium oxide, TiO2, and hence identical with rutile and anatase in composition, but crystallizing in the orthorhombic system (see crystal structure). ... In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. ... Titanium dioxide (B) or TiO2(B) is the monoclinic allotrope of titanium dioxide. ... In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. ... Ilmenite (FeTiO3) is a weakly magnetic iron-black or steel-gray mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic igneous rocks. ... An ore is a mineral deposit containing a metal or other valuable resource in economically viable concentrations. ... Rutile in trellis texture characteristic of secondary rutile. ...

Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment because of its brightness and very high refractive index (n=2.4), in which it is surpassed only by diamond. When deposited as a thin film, its refractive index and color make it an excellent reflective optical coating for dielectric mirrors. TiO₂ is also an effective opacifier in powder form, where it is employed as a pigment to provide whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, coatings, plastics, papers, inks, foods, and most toothpastes. In cosmetic and skin care products, titanium dioxide is used both as a pigment and a thickener, and in almost every sunblock with a physical blocker, titanium dioxide is found both because of its refractive index and its resistance to discoloration under ultraviolet light. This advantage enhances its stability and ability to protect the skin from ultraviolet light. It is also used in resistance-type lambda probes (a type of oxygen sensor). In biology, pigment is any material resulting in color in plant or animal cells which is the result of selective absorption. ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed relative to vacuum. ... A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ... The electrons in the molecules shift toward the positively charged left plate. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... A substance or object that is opaque is neither transparent nor translucent. ... For information on the U.S. borough, see Paint, Pennsylvania. ... A coating is a covering, usually liquid, that is put on to protect, or change the appearance of something. ... Plastic is a term that covers a range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products. ... Piece of paper Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the compression of fibres. ... An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for colouring a surface to render an image or text. ... Modern toothpaste Toothpaste is a paste used to clean teeth, almost always in conjunction with a toothbrush. ... Cosmetic refers to beauty or appearance, especially concerning the human body. ... Sunscreen or sunblock is a lotion that is applied to reduce skin damage by blocking ultraviolet radiation from the sun. ... Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength shorter than that of the visible region, but longer than that of soft X-rays. ... An automotive lambda probe, also known as a lambda sensor, O2 sensor, oxygen sensor, lambda sond or EGO (exhaust gas oxygen) sensor, is a small sensor inserted into the exhaust system of a petrol engine to measure the volume of oxygen (O2) remaining in the exhaust gas to allow an... An oxygen sensor is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen in the gas or liquid being analyzed. ...

Titanium dioxide, particularly in the anatase form, is a photocatalyst under ultraviolet light. The strong oxidative potential of the positive holes oxidizes water to create hydroxyl radicals. It can also oxidize oxygen or organic materials directly. Titanium dioxide is thus added to paints, cements, windows, tiles, or other products for sterilizing, deodorizing and anti-fouling properties. As TiO₂ is exposed to UV light, it becomes increasingly hydrophilic, thus it can be used for anti-fogging coatings or self-cleaning windows. TiO₂ incorporated into outdoor building materials can substantially reduce concentrations of airborne pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and NOx. In chemistry, photocatalysis is the acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst. ... Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength shorter than that of the visible region, but longer than that of soft X-rays. ... Redox reactions include all chemical processes in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. ... In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration. ... The adjective hydrophilic describes something that likes water (from Greek hydros = water; philos = friend). ... Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemical compounds that have high enough vapour pressures under normal conditions to significantly vaporize and enter the atmosphere. ... NOx is a generic term for the various nitrogen oxides produced during combustion. ...

The Vinland map, the map of America ("Vinland") that was supposedly drawn during mid-15th century based on data from the Viking Age, has been declared a forgery on the basis that the ink on it contains traces of the TiO₂-form anatase; TiO₂ was not synthetically produced before the 1920s. Recently (1992) a counter-claim has been made that the compound can be formed from ancient ink. the Vinland map The Vinland map is purportedly a 15th century Mappa Mundi, redrawn from a 13th century original. ... World map showing location of North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is a continent in the northern hemisphere, bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west... Vinland (pronounced Winland) was the name given to part of North America by the Icelandic Norseman Leif Eiríksson, about year 1000. ... The Viking Age is the name of the period between 793 A.D. and 1066 A.D. in Scandinavia, following the Germanic Iron Age and the Vendel Age in Sweden. ... Anatase is one of the three mineral forms of titanium dioxide. ...

External link

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2162248.stm A description of the Vinland map
• http://www.threebond.co.jp/en/technical/technicalnews/pdf/tech62.pdf A description of TiO₂ photocatalysis
• http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn4636 An article on photocatalytic paint
• http://ruby.colorado.edu/~smyth/min/tio2.html Crystal structures of the three forms of TiO₂