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Encyclopedia > Titumir

Titumir (Bangla: তিতুমীর) , properly Titu Mir, was a rebel against the zamindars and British colonial system in 19th century Bengal, part of British India. He rebelled against the rich landlords and colonial British rulers and put up an impressive resistance. Along with his followers, he built a Bamboo fort (Bansher-Kella in Bangla) which passed into Bengali folk legend. After the storming of the fort by British soldiers, Titumir died of his wounds on November 19, 1831. This article is about the Bengali language. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Bengal (disambiguation). ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... It has been suggested that European colonies in India be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Bamboo (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Bengali language. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Contents

Early life

Titu Mir, real name Sayyid Mir Nisar Ali, was born in 27 January 1782 (14 Magh 1182 according to the Bangla calendar), in a small village named Chandpur, in the Bashirhat Thana area of the North Chobbish Parganas district (currently in West Bengal, India). His father was Mir Hassan Ali and his mother’s name was Abeeda Rukaya Khatun. is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Bangla calendar also known as Bônggabdo in the Bengali language, is the traditional calendar used in Bangladesh and Bangla-speaking regions of India. ... Chandpur is a census town in North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India. ... , West Bengal (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ...


Titu Mir’s education began in his village school, after which he moved to a local Madrassa, a traditional Muslim school. By the time he was 18 years of age, Titu Mir had become a Hafiz of the Qur'an, ie he memorized the Qur'an by heart, and a scholar of the Hadith or Muslim traditions. He was also accomplished with the Bengali, Arabic, and Persian. During this time he came under the influence of several Wahabi seers, who preached a mixture of militant Islam and anti-colonial thought and saw both religious and political reform as extremely necessary in Bengal of that time. A Madrasah complex in Gambia Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, ca. ... Hafiz or Hafez (Arabic: حافظ), literally meaning guardian, is a term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Quran. ... The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Farsi redirects here. ...


Freedom fighter

In 1822, Titu Mir went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, the Haj enjoined upon all Muslims, and on his return he commenced organizing the peasants of his native village against the landlords or Zamindars and the British colonialists. He also affected the 'tahband' a tube shaped garment worn around the waist, in preference to the dhoti, seen as more overtly Hindu, and enjoined his followers to do likewise. 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... The Hajj or Haj is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ... Zamindar, also known as Zemindar, Zamindari, or the Zamindari System (Persian: زمیندار) were employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from peasants. ... Similar to sarongs, dhotis are commonly worn with western-style oxford shirts by the men of South India. ...


Titu Mir opposed a number of discriminatory measures in force at that time which included taxes on the earing of beards and on mosques. The rift between Titu Mir and his followers on one side, and the local Zamindars supported by the British rulers on the other side, continued to widen, and armed conflict broke out at several places. Titu Mir had himself served a Zamindar as a 'lathial or 'lethel' a fighter with the quarterstaff, (which in Bengal is made of bamboo, not wood) and he was actively training his men in hand to hand combat and the use of the bamboo staff. This weapon in skilled hands is deadly against anything except projectile weapons.


The followers of Titu Mir, believed to have grown to 5,000 by that time, readied themselves for prolonged armed conflict, and they built their fort of bamboo at Narikelbaria, near the town of Barasat. This was surrounded by a high double curtain wall of bamboo stakes filled in with mud cladding and sun-baked. , Barasat (Bangla: বারাসাত) is a city in the outskirts of Calcutta, West Bengal, India and is the district head quarter of the district North 24 parganas. ...


Titu Mir declared independence from the British, and regions comprising the current districts of 24 Parganas, Nadia and Faridpur came under his control. The private armies of the Zamindars and the forces of the British met with a series of defeats at the hands of his men as a result of his strike-and-retreat guerrilla tactics. Nadia is a district of the state of West Bengal, in the north east of the Republic of India. ... Faridpur is a district in central Bangladesh. ...


Finally, the British forces, armed with cannon and muskets, mounted a concerted attacks on 14 November 1831, on Titu Mir and his followers. With their simple swords and spears, Titu Mir and his forces could not withstand the might of modern weapons, and were overwhelmed. The bamboo castle was destroyed, and Titu Mir was martyred along with several of his followers. The commanding officer of the British forces noted his opponent's bravery in despatches, and also commented on the strength and resilience of bamboo as a material for fortification, since he had had to pound it with artillery for a surprisingly long time before it gave way. is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...


Legacy

The saga of the bravery of Titu Mir and the bamboo castle continue to be a source of inspiration to the Bengali people, and are also believed to have inspired the freedom fighters of Bangladesh in the liberation war of 1971. Mahasweta Devi wrote a novella called Titu Mir, and Titumir-er Basher Kella has been a popular play on TV in Bangladesh as well. It has also featured as a theme for Puja pandals which are often done up as historical tableaux. Liberation War commemoration poster Mukti Bahini (Bengali: ) (Liberation Army), also termed as the Freedom Fighters or FFs was a guerrilla force which fought against the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971. ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Pakistan Commanders Col. ... Mahasweta Devi (born 1926 in Dacca now known as Bangladesh) is an Indian writer. ...


Titumir Hall,a major dormitory of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology at Dhaka, is named after him. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ প্রকৌশল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় Bangladesh Prokoushol Bishshobiddalôe) or BUET is a Government Engineering University in Bangladesh. ... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bengali: Ḍhākā; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ...


Further reading

  • Titumirer Bansher Kella (Bamboo Fort of Titumur, 1981) by Rabeya Khatun

External link

  • Titumir on Banglapedia


 

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