Tivoli Gardens is a famous amusement park in Copenhagen, Denmark. The park opened on August 15, 1843 and, except for Dyrehavsbakken in nearby Klampenborg, it is the oldest amusement park which has survived intact to the present day. Amusement park is the more generic term for a collection of rides and other entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a fairly large group of people. ... Copenhagen ( (help· info) IPA: ) is the capital of Denmark, and the name of the municipality (Danish, kommune) in which it resides. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Dyrehavsbakken (English, The Deer Garden Hill), referred to informally as Bakken (The Hill), is the worlds oldest, intact, still-surviving amusement park. ...

History

It was first called "Tivoli & Vauxhall": "Tivoli" alluding to the Jardin de Tivoli in Paris (which in its turn had been named from Tivoli near Rome), and "Vauxhall" alluding to the Vauxhall Gardens in London. The Jardin de Tivoli, or Tivoli Garden, is a location in Paris, France near the Tivoli Theatre. ... Tivoli, the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town some 20 km from Rome (Latium), at the falls of the Aniene river, where it issues from the Sabine hills. ... A prospect of Vauxhall Gardens in 1751. ...

Tivoli's founder, Georg Carstensen (b. 1812 - d. 1857) obtained a five-year charter to create Tivoli by telling King Christian VIII that "when the people are amusing themselves, they do not think about politics". The monarch granted Carstensen use of roughly 15 acres (61,000 m²) of the fortified glacis outside Vesterport (the West Gate) at the annual rent of 945 kroner. Therefore, until the 1850s, Tivoli was outside the city, accessible through the West Gate. Johan Bernhard Georg Carstensen was born 31 August 1812. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Christian VIII (September 18, 1786 – January 20, 1848), king of Denmark and Norway, the eldest son of the crown prince Frederick and Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, was born in 1786 at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen. ... A glacis, in military engineering (see Fortification and Siege) is an artificial slope of earth in the front of works, so constructed as to keep an assailant under the fire of the defenders to the last possible moment. ...

From the very start, Tivoli included a variety of attractions: buildings in the exotic style of an imaginary Orient: a theatre, band stands, restaurants and cafés, flower gardens, and mechanical amusement rides such as a merry-go-round and a primitive scenic railway. After dark, coloured lamps illuminated the gardens. On certain evenings, specially designed fireworks could be seen reflected in Tivoli's lake. Types of amusement rides include: Bumper cars Carousels Dark rides Ferris wheels Freefall towers Hall of mirrors Log flumes Loop-O-Plane Motion platforms Observation towers Octopus (ride) Roller coasters Scenic railways switchbacks Horror train Shoot-the-Chutes The Zipper Tilt-A-Whirl See also Amusement park Closed rides and... This article is about the fairground ride. ... The Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House illuminated under New Years Eve Fireworks 2005 A fireworks event (also called a fireworks display or fireworks show) is a spectacular display of the effects produced by firework devices on various occasions. ...

Composer Hans Christian Lumbye (b. 1810 - d. 1874) was Tivoli's musical director from 1843 to 1872. Lumbye was inspired by Viennese waltz composers like the Strauss family (Johann Strauss I and his sons), and became known as the "Strauss of the North." Many of his compositions are specifically inspired by the gardens, including "Salute to the Ticket Holders of Tivoli", "Carnival Joys" and "A Festive Night at Tivoli". The Tivoli Symphony Orchestra still performs many of his works. Hans Christian Lumbye (1810-1874) was a Danish composer of waltzes, polkas, mazurkas and galops. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Johann Strauss I Johann Strauss I (also known as Johann Strauss Snr. ...

In 1943, Nazi sympathisers attempted to break the Danish people's spirit by burning many of Tivoli's buildings, including the concert hall, to the ground. Undaunted, the Danes built temporary buildings, and the park was back in operation after a few weeks. 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ...

Today

The Pantomime Theater

Today Tivoli and its gardens, in the very center of Copenhagen, are surrounded by heavily trafficked streets. At one side stands the City Hall (Rådhus) and at the other the Central Train Station (Hovedbanegård)— both dating from around 1900. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1445 KB) The Pantomime Theater in Tivoli, Copenhagen. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1445 KB) The Pantomime Theater in Tivoli, Copenhagen. ...

The general layout of the Gardens has been preserved. For instance, the shape of the grounds is still that of the old fortifications, the lake being part of the old city moat. The main entrance is still where it was in 1843, and just inside stands the Pantomime Theater, a highly original building in Chinese style which in 1874 took the place of an older smaller theater. The audience stands in the open, the stage being inside the building. The theatre's "curtain" is a mechanical peacock's tail. From the very beginning, the Theater was the home of Italian pantomimes, introduced in Denmark by the Italian Giuseppe Casorti. This tradition, which is dependent on the Italian Commedia dell'Arte has been kept alive, including the characters Cassander (the old father), Columbine (his beautiful daughter), Harlequin (her lover), and, especially popular with the youngest spectators, the stupid servant Pierrot. The absence of spoken dialogue is an advantage, as Tivoli is now an international tourist attraction. Karel Dujardins set his closely-observed scene of a travelling troupes makeshift stage against idealized ruins in the Roman Campagna: dated 1657 (Louvre Museum) Commedia darte (Italian: comedy of professional artists also interpreted as comedy of humors), also known as Extemporal Comedy, was a form of improvisational theater... Columbina dancing with a harlequin. ... Watteaus commedia dellarte player of Pierrot, ca 1718-19, traditionally identified as Gilles (Louvre) Pierrot is a stock character of pantomime. ...

Tivoli is always evolving without abandoning its original charm or traditions. As Georg Carstensen said in 1844, "Tivoli will never, so to speak, be finished," a sentiment echoed just over a century later when Walt Disney said of his own Tivoli-inspired theme park, "Disneyland will never be finished as long as there is imagination left in the world." For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... Theme Park is a simulation computer game designed by Bullfrog Productions, released in 1994, in which the player designs and operates an amusement park. ... Disneyland Park is a theme park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, USA. It is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company. ...

Attractions

The park is best known for the its wooden roller coaster, Rutchebanen, built in 1915. It is still operating today, but an operator is controlling the ride by braking down the hills so it won't gain too much speed. A typical roller coaster The roller coaster is a popular amusement ride developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 2004 the new coaster, The Demon, opened in Tivoli. It features an Immelmann loop, a loop, and a Zero-G roll all during the ride time of just two minutes. The old roller coaster, Slangen, was removed to have enough space for The Demon. The roller coaster is situated next to the concert hall. Dæmonen (The Demon) is a roller coaster in the Danish amusement park, Tivoli Gardens. ... // Immelmann An Immelmann loop is a popular inversion found on many roller coasters. ... The term loop, in its general sense, refers to something that closes back on itself (such as a circle or ring). ... A zero G roll is a roller coaster inversion found on Bolliger and Mabillard inverted, sit-down, and floorless coasters and on Vekoma inverted coasters. ...

The worlds tallest carousel, Himmelskibet, opened in Tivoli in 2006. It is 80 meters high and is built by the Austrian company, Funtime. A carousel in a summer festival in London, with traditional animal mounts, barley twist poles and fairy lights. ... Himmelskibet is the tallest carousel in the world. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Tourism in Denmark

Windmills, antique (pictured) and modern, accent the gently rolling meadowlands of Denmark. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Tivoli Gardens, Copenhagen

• Home page of Tivoli: http://www.tivoligardens.com/
• Satellite map from Google Maps
• The Roller Coaster Database's page about Tivoli

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...