The Tohoku Main Line runs mostly parallel to the Tohoku Shinkansen, and upon the Shinkansen's extension to Aomori, the remaining northern portion of the line is expected to be spun off to a third-sector railway operator.
The southern portion of the line is often referred to as the Utsunomiya Line, and overlaps the Keihin-Tohoku Line and Saikyo Line.
The Keihin-Tohoku Line is a local train line serving central Tokyo and the neighboring prefectures of Saitama and Kanagawa, including Saitama City in the north and Kawasaki and Yokohama in the south.
South of Yokohama Station, the Keihin-Tohoku Line is also known as the Negishi Line, serving central and southern Yokohama before terminating at Ofuna, a large station on the border between Yokohama and Kamakura.
Tokyo Station is the terminal station of all shinkansen lines.
A portion of the Tōhoku Main Line is also shared with the Keihin-Tōhoku Line (29.6 kilometres between Tokyo Station and Omiya Station in Omiya-ku, Saitama) and the Saikyo Line (18.0 kilometres between Akabane Station in the Kita ward of Tokyo and Omiya Station).
The construction of Tōhoku Main Line began in the Kanto region and extended to the north end of Honshu, and the city of Aomori.
It is one of oldest railway lines in Japan, with construction beginning in the late 19th century.